著者
野木 優佑 佐野 正利 豊田 国昭 本阿弥 眞治
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.849, pp.17-00031-17-00031, 2017 (Released:2017-05-25)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
1

This study is concerned with the active flow control of a two-dimensional offset jet using a dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator (PA). The offset jet is produced by the flow of air that issues from the end of a long parallel channel, and the offset ratio H/h (H: step height, h: channel height) is 1.0. The PA is operated by a continuous sinusoidal waveform with a voltage of 6 kV and frequency of 2.0 kHz applied to the actuator electrode. The PA is installed on the lower wall of the jet exit. The exit Reynolds number Re is changed from 1.5 × 103 to 6.0 × 103. The flow at the channel exit is laminar. The wall static pressure and heat transfer coefficient on the offset plate are measured. The flow field is examined by flow visualization using a CCD high-speed camera, and the velocity profiles are measured using a particle image velocimetry system. In flow without control, clockwise and counter-clockwise vortices appear downstream of the reattachment point. When the PA is applied, these vortices disappear at a short distance from the reattachment point and a transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow occurs immediately. The reattachment length is reduced and the pressure loss is decreased. Nusselt number in the recirculating region increases with the induced flow due to the PA. These effects are remarkable at low Reynolds number flow. Downstream of the reattachment point, Nusselt number is smaller than that without the PA because turbulent diffusion is promoted.
著者
湯淺 朋久 阿部 豊 平野 覚
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.849, pp.16-00551-16-00551, 2017 (Released:2017-05-25)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
2

Toward the improvement of performance of an electric vehicle (EV), the design of the motor shape appropriate to heat removal is important. A typical EV motor is composed of a pair of coaxial cylinders with a fixed outer cylinder (stator) and a rotating inner cylinder (rotor). Some EV motors have axial slits on the stator wall. The present study experimentally clarifies the influence of inner shape on flow behavior in the EV motor. We divided the measurement area into three regions: the gap region, the rotor end region, and the gap end region. The flow behavior was recorded by a high-speed video camera and was measured via PIV. The flow behavior in the gap and rotor end regions were observed by Kalliroscope flakes. Taylor-Couette flow was observed in the gap region for the both cases without and with slits. In the rotor end region, the vortex that spirally flows from outer cylinder to the inside cylinder was observed. The white dye, injected in the gap, remained at the injection point for the cases without slits. However, the dye moved from the gap region to the rotor end region for the cases with slits. The vortex structure directed to the rotating axis was observed in the slit on the stator wall; the vortex had the axial velocity from the gap region to the rotor end region.
著者
岩野 耕治 後藤 優典 深尾 勇也 酒井 康彦 伊藤 靖仁 長田 孝二 酒井 雅晴 落合 利徳 小田 修三
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.849, pp.16-00541-16-00541, 2017 (Released:2017-05-25)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
2

The relationship between flow structure and generation of aerodynamic sound from a multi-blade fan is experimentally investigated with enlarged two-dimensional blade models. Two blade models with different shapes are used. Sound pressure level and blade surface pressure are measured simultaneously where the sound transmittable board is used to find the position of sound source. In addition, flow velocity and blade surface pressure are also measured simultaneously. The results show that the sound pressure level takes highest values near the reattachment point of the flow on blade suction surface, where the RMS value of the surface pressure fluctuation takes highest value, and where coherence between the sound pressure and surface pressure takes high values. These values vary with the shape of blades. The size of separation bubble and the intensity of velocity fluctuation also differ by the shape of the blades. The large scale vortical flow structures are extracted by conditional averaging for blade surface pressure fluctuations. Sizes of the large scale vortices correspond to the peak frequencies of the blade surface pressure fluctuation and frequency characteristic of surface pressure fluctuation is explained by the convections of the vortices. In addition, the sizes of large scale vortices correspond to the size of separation bubble. This fact suggests that making separation bubble smaller is an efficient way for reduction of aerodynamic noise of a multi-blade fan.
著者
森田 良 稲田 文夫 内山 雄太 梅沢 修一 石橋 雅裕 舩木 達也
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.849, pp.16-00526-16-00526, 2017 (Released:2017-05-25)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
3

In industrial fields, as the steam is commonly utilized for heat supply, drying process and so on, it is important to be aware of the steam flow rate in the view point of energy management. However, the steam utilized in the factory is usually wet steam condition. Though it is well known that the wetness affects the flowmeter reading, it is difficult to clarify the effects of the wetness in the steam flow quantitatively in actual plants and factories, and thus far, there has been no established method for estimating the error caused by the wetness of steam flow. In this paper, the difference of ultrasonic flowmeter reading due to wetness of the wet steam flow was clarified experimentally. Ultrasonic flowmeter reading in the wet steam flow was compared with Coriolis flow meter installed after heat exchanger in the steam apparatus. As a result, we clarified the flow rate difference of those two flowmeters was increased with increasing wetness, and the ultrasonic flowmeter reading was almost the same as the value of steam phase flow rate in the wet steam flow. We also proposed the correction method of the ultrasonic flowmeter reading by using density correction in the flow rate formula of the ultrasonic flowmeter. And finally, we clarified the uncertainty of the measured flowrates and their differences were less than 1.0%.
著者
田勢 泰士 太田 崇文 岡田 耕治 高松 久一郎 齊藤 梓 川上 勝 古川 英光
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.849, pp.17-00003-17-00003, 2017 (Released:2017-05-25)
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
3

Recently our group developed 3D gel printer named “SWIM-ER” (soft and wet industrial material - easy realizer). Here we aim to improve the gel materials used for SWIM-ER system about the problems around free-shaping, transparency, and mechanical strength. To overcome these problems, we tried to use UV absorbers, AS150 (Nippon Kayaku Co.,Ltd.) and KEMISORB11S (CHEMIPRO KASEI Co.,Ltd.) and found the latter absorber kept transparency well. We improved the maximum tensile stress about 2 times and the maximum tensile strain about 4 times by changing the kind of cross-linker from methylene bis-acrylamide (MBAA) type to diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) type. We also found that the maximum tensile stress was improved about 1.3 times by changing the blend ratio of 1st gel powder and 2nd gel solution in the preparation of particle-double network gels (P-DN gel). Based on these two improvements, we 3D-printed the transparent and hollow structure of the high strength gels with the maximum tensile stress of 0.5 MPa, which will be comparable to the maximum tensile stress of living organs like the stomach and small intestine in our body.
著者
河原 康太 松田 直樹 北條 正樹 西川 雅章
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.849, pp.16-00582-16-00582, 2017 (Released:2017-05-25)
参考文献数
15

Formulation based on the eigenfunction expansion is shown for second-harmonic generation simulations at a cylindrical interface. The displacement potentials of fundamental wave fields and second-harmonic fields are expressed as sums of eigenfunctions. The cylinder-matrix interface is assumed to be imperfect and modeled as a nonlinear spring interface for the purpose of considering roughness of the interface. Nonlinear equations in this model are dealt with the perturbation theory. The relational expression on the expansion coefficients of the fundamental waves and the second harmonics is shown. The results for the P wave incidence are demonstrated; although arbitrary incident wave field is available in the present method. As a result, both P and SV second harmonics are generated at the cylindrical interface. The numerical results for the directivity patterns of second harmonics are also given. The results show that the directivity patterns depend on the interfacial stiffness. Moreover the relationships between the interfacial stiffness and the ratio of stress in forward direction to backward direction are investigated in order to discuss the interfacial stiffness dependence in detail. The ratio significantly varies with the interfacial stiffness and the relationships are different by the frequency of the incident wave. Due to these characteristics, the ratio of stress in forward direction to backward direction can be useful for the evaluation of the interfacial stiffness. The influence of the ratio of the transverse stiffness to normal stiffness on the ratio of stress is also demonstrated. It is shown that the ratio of the interfacial stiffness has little effect on the ratio of stress.
著者
福澤 健二 寺田 諭 式田 光宏 雨川 洋章 張 賀東 三矢 保永
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 C編 (ISSN:03875024)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, no.723, pp.3655-3664, 2006-11-25 (Released:2011-03-04)
参考文献数
11

A novel micro-mechanical probe for friction force microscopy has been presented. The probe has a double cantilever that is supported by a torsion beam. It measures the lateral force by detecting the deflection of the double cantilever and measures the vertical force by the torsion of the torsion beam. It can measure the two forces independently without the mechanical crosstalk. The force resolution is of the order of 1 nN. The probe can clarify the micro/nanotribological phenomena more accurately than conventional cantilever probes and provide useful information for the identification of material properties.
著者
星野 純輝 祖山 均
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.849, pp.16-00502-16-00502, 2017 (Released:2017-05-25)
参考文献数
10

In order to establish a new approach to manufacturing of CaCO3 which can be adapted to structural materials, the formation of CaCO3 using continuous-wave laser has been conducted on austenitic stainless steel JIS SUS316L surface. It has been demonstrated that localized heating by laser irradiation could control the formation. CaCO3 was obtained from heating Ca(HCO3)2. The film thickness of CaCO3 formed at various conditions was measured, therefore it was revealed the effect of various factors on the formation of CaCO3. The higher laser power P, the thicker the film thickness of CaCO3, however, high laser power (1.5 W) decreases the film thickness when laser irradiation is continued for many hours. Changing the distance from condenser lens d to specimen, it can control the film thickness and the width of CaCO3 film without increasing energy. When the velocity of specimen v is 1.0 mm/s, the film thickness is the highest among other velocities and the shape of CaCO3 film is clear. The temperature of Ca(HCO3)2 Tw have not much effect on the film thickness, although the temperature have effect on the width of CaCO3 film. Therefore, CaCO3 film can be formed efficiently by controlling the factors such as laser power. The optimum condition of fabrication of CaCO3 which we inferred from these results was P = 1.0 W, d = 30 mm, v = 0.1 mm/s, Tw = 45 °C, laser irradiation time t = 5 h. This manufacturing have probability to be able to fabricate the structure of CaCO3 flexibly.
著者
太田 高裕 河野 亮 小﨑 貴史
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.849, pp.16-00451-16-00451, 2017 (Released:2017-05-25)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
2

Peen forming has been widely used in the aerospace industry for forming complex components of large thin wings. The conventional peen forming using spherical shots shows a tendency to form the spherical surface because of its axisymmetric plastic strain. In this study, a new peen forming method using rectangular solid pins is developed. It is possible to produce the different distribution between x direction (short side of pin) plastic strain and z direction (long side of pin) plastic strain. The anisotropic plastic strain distribution causes smaller curvature radius of x direction section than that of z direction section. In order to verify the anisotropic plastic strain distribution in this method, the effects of pin tip shape are analyzed by dynamic explicit finite element method. The ratios of x direction plastic strain to z direction plastic strain increase with decreasing pin tip radius. It is confirmed that anisotropic double-curved surfaces are produced by drop tests using multi- rectangular-solid pins.
著者
大山 慎太郎 梅原 徳次 上坂 裕之 鄧 興瑞 村島 基之 堀江 茂 松山 洋介
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.849, pp.16-00378-16-00378, 2017 (Released:2017-05-25)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
1

This paper describes about the effect of drill surface texturing on height of back burr in titanium alloy drilling process with solid lubricating sheet. Titanium alloy is difficult to conduct drilling because titanium alloy is hard and ductile material. And the workers cannot use plenty of liquid coolant for preventing the productivity decline when the work places are above their heads in production fields. Therefore drills are exchanged frequently even though the cost increases. In this study, we measured the cutting force by a loadcell to know the effect of drill surface texturing and solid lubricating sheet on drilling process of work pieces made of Ti-6Al-4V. As the results, drill with rough textured rake surface showed high burr height in exit of Ti-6Al-4V. On the other hand, drill with rough textured flank surface showed low burr height only if drilling with solid lubricating sheet. Moreover, drill with the specific texturing on flank surface by wire electric discharge machining showed low burr height.
著者
木下 雅夫 蝦名 正輝 大澤 正敬 日比野 良一 門浦 弘明 秋濱 一弘
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集C編 (ISSN:18848354)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.78, no.792, pp.2824-2836, 2012 (Released:2012-08-25)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
5

This paper discusses a research on 2-dimensionl visualization of a spot weld piece using laser-ultrasonic technique. This laser-ultrasonic apparatus can scan a surface on a weld piece, and get ultrasonic longitudinal signals on several hundred measurement points per 10mm order. We analyzed these signals by Frequency Response Characteristic from 10MHz to 100MHz, and showed that the ultrasonic attenuation was related to the gain, and the ultrasonic propagation velocity was related to the phase, for frequency domain spectrum. At result, it was appeared that the gain of nugget parts was less than the gain of parents, and the phase of HAZ was latter than the phase of parents and nuggets. From these results, we made maps on frequency domain spectrum, and could realize to visualize the parent and the nugget, the HAZ on a weld piece. In addition, using Electron Back Scatter Diffraction, it was shown that the gain was effected by the crystal diameters, the phase was effected by the crystal directions.
著者
佐藤 知正
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 C編 (ISSN:03875024)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.439, pp.401-409, 1983-03-25 (Released:2008-02-21)
参考文献数
6

音響ホログラフィとソナーを融合させた三次元音響撮像法「ホログラフィック・ソナー撮像法」を提案した。これはFMチャ-プ音を対象物に照射し、反射音波を記録し、これにパルス圧縮および開口合成の処理をおこなって三次元映像を得るものである。この撮像方式での撮像性能を解析し、撮像装置の設計手順を明らかにした。また、空中音響実験によって、本撮像方式の撮像性能解析の妥当性と三次元撮像の可能性を示した。
著者
橋村 真治 村上 敬宜
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 C編 (ISSN:03875024)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.671, pp.2137-2144, 2002-07-25 (Released:2008-02-26)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
3

The clamping force of a bolted joint is usually controlled by torque or angle at tightening. However the fatigue failure of bolted joints occures if the clamping force is loosened in service. Therefore the clamping force in service after tightening must be checked to avoid failure of bolted joints. In this study, a new method to detect the clamping force of bolted joints after tightening has been proposed, in which the clamping force is detected by pulling the protruding thread of the bolt through the nut on a bolted joint. The relationship between the pulling force and the displacement at the pulling point is measured to detect the apparent spring constant of the bolt. When the pulling force reaches the clamping force of bolted joint, the apparent spring constant varies markedly. Thus the clamping force of the bolted joint can be defined on the basis of the variation of the apparent spring onstant. The basic theory and the experimental verifications are presented.
著者
劉 孝宏 末岡 淳男 白水 健次 江村 篤裕 中野 寛
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 C編 (ISSN:03875024)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.689, pp.30-37, 2004-01-25 (Released:2011-03-04)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
2 2

This paper deals experimentally with the squeal and chatter phenomena generated in mountain bike disk brakes. First, the authors performed the traveling test using actual bicycle on downhill road in a mountain. As the results, there are two kinds of frictional self-excited vibrations in the bicycle disk brakes called by squeal with frequency of 1 kHz and by chatter with frequency of 500 Hz. In order to regenerate the squeal and the chatter, a bench test apparatus by actual bicycle was set up and their characteristics were experimentally examined. By using the bench test apparatus, it was made clear that their frequencies were independent of temperature of pad and rotating speed of rotor, and the chatter was generated in a certain limited region of high temperature though the squeal occurred in arbitrary temperature region of pad.
著者
梅原 康宏 鴨下 庄吾 小黒 翼 三俣 哲
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.847, pp.16-00523-16-00523, 2017 (Released:2017-03-25)
参考文献数
7
被引用文献数
2

We have devised a steering system in which the magnetic elastomer is used for the elastic members such as rubber bushings in the axle box suspension of railway vehicles. The magnetic elastomer is composed of magnetic particles and the elastomer such as synthetic rubber. This material is characterized by its hardness variation depending on the magnetic field. The axle box suspension using the magnetic elastomer is capable of varying the longitudinal stiffness. In straight sections, the application of this axle box suspension ensures running stability by increasing the longitudinal stiffness by means of applying a magnetic field. On the other hand, in curve sections, it improves curving performance by decreasing the longitudinal stiffness by means of turning off the magnetic field. We made test pieces towards the development of the magnetic elastomer for the steering bogie. In a characteristic test, we confirmed that the Young's modulus of the magnetic elastomer changes in the range of about five times depending on the presence or absence of the magnetic field. In addition, we simulated the vehicle model by applying the longitudinal stiffness change of the magnetic elastomer to the axle box of the bogie. We confirmed that this axle box was capable of reducing the average of the outer wheel lateral force in the circular curve section compared to that of the normal axle box.
著者
亀谷 均 内村 和弘 樋野 貴規 山根 勁
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.847, pp.16-00493-16-00493, 2017 (Released:2017-03-25)
参考文献数
8

In general, manual sorting carries out for the quality inspection of corbicula shells prior to shipment. The inspection worker drops each corbicula shells on the concrete floor, and a shell is assessed as good or bad by the sound of collision with floor. The corbicula shell containing mud or nothing is specified as a bad corbicula. This manual sorting process is time consuming and laborious. In addition, this process is often prone to mistakes. In order to overcome the problem of manual sorting, an inspection probe has been developed. The inspection probe assesses a corbicula shell as good or bad by detecting the transmitted light spectra, and it has been tested that the probe can detect good and bad corbicula shells with an accuracy of 100%. Thereafter, a quality sorting device with the inspection probe has been developed for the commercial use. A laboratory based experiments have been conducted first to evaluate the performance of developed quality sorting device. The test results showed that the sorting device can sort shells with an accuracy of about 99%. Subsequently, a comprehensive evaluation experiment have also been carried out, and the experimental results showed that our developed sorting device is able to sort corbicula shells with an accuracy of 98.6%. This results implies that the present quality sorting device is ready to use for commercial sorting of corbicula shells
著者
前田 慎市 青島 亮太 黒澤 哲朗 小原 哲郎
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.846, pp.16-00269-16-00269, 2017 (Released:2017-02-25)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
1

Detonation transition was experimentally investigated using flame jetting through the orifice of a small sub-chamber, which was equipped on the side wall near the closed end of the main channel (square inner closs section, 50 mm on a side) filled with a stoichiometric hydrogen-oxygen mixture at an initial pressure of 80 kPa. The number of sub-chambers and orifice diameters were changed as 1, 2, 4 (called as FJ1, FJ2, FJ4, respectively) and 3, 5, 7 mm, respectively, and the facing flame jets were collided with each other in FJ2 and FJ4. Two regimes of detonation transition were observed: (i) deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) accompanied by flame acceleration process and (ii) direction initiation of a detonation near the flame jetting section. The flame propagation distance required for detonation transition was one-half to one-third for regime (i) compared to single-spark ignition without flame jet, and below one-sixth for regime (ii). Except for the case of regime (ii), observed for an orifice diameter of 5 or 7 mm of FJ4, the detonation transition distance had no significant effect on the types of flame jetting and orifice diameters. Time-resolved schlieren recordings showed that the choked jet of combustion products drove the shock wave preceding the flame front, and induced multi-dimensional flame motion and repeated shock-flame interactions in the confinement. These behaviors enhanced flame velocity at the ignition end by a factor of 4 to 7 in FJ1 and FJ2, compared to single-spark ignition. The effect of these enhanced flame velocities on DDT distances was consistent with the semi-empirical model of flame acceleration process in a smooth tube. The schlieren recordings and pressure measurements at the closed end indicated that the possible factors for the initiation of detonation in regime (ii) were the mixing of reacted and unreacted gas induced by the repeated strong shock-flame interaction and the hot spot formed by shock-shock interaction driven by the facing flame jetting.
著者
蓮沼 将太 波田野 明日可 泉 聡志 酒井 信介
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.846, pp.16-00264-16-00264, 2017 (Released:2017-02-25)
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
1

In this study, the effect of machined surface layer on residual stress relaxation was investigated. In previous study, low cycle fatigue strength was affected by residual stress. However, residual stress relaxation was complex because local plastic strain occurred by stress near yield stress. Also, machined surface layer affect the yield stress. Therefore, machined surface layer was modeled using the crystal plasticity model, i.e. plasticity model based on crystallographic deformation mechanics. To describe the microstructure of plastic deformation layer, initial dislocation density and back stress near surface were changed. To describe the microstructure of fine grained layer, grain size near surface was changed. Residual stress relaxation was simulated by crystal plasticity finite element method. Three types of machined surface layers were modeled. Two kind of strain amplitude condition was simulated. In simulation results, local plastic strain was occurred under global elastic condition. Residual stress after cyclic load was different from machined surface conditions under low strain loading. Residual stress was largely relaxed in all cases under high strain loading. Comparing fatigue life of experimental results, simulation results were thought to be valid. Therefore, residual stress relaxation is able to be predicted using this model. Hardening in plastic deformation layer prevents yield by tensile load. However, plastic strain was occurred in plastic deformation under compression load. On the other hand, fine grain layer prevent yield by not only tensile but also compression.
著者
久保 登 森 みどり
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集C編 (ISSN:18848354)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.77, no.778, pp.2506-2521, 2011 (Released:2011-06-25)
参考文献数
10

Drive recorders have been used more frequently in Japan on the transportation vehicle such as taxicabs, buses and trucks than before. The drive recorders can record the driving data including motion pictures in the traffic accidents and near-accidents, which are considered as “dangerous data”. Analysis and application of safety education using the “dangerous data” are useful to prevent traffic accidents. The drive recorder, however, can record a large number of “not dangerous data” which are not derived from the accident or near-accident data when the car passes the undulation or bumps on the road. The current useful method to extract the “dangerous data” exactly from all the raw data is the human observation and classification of the data while some automatic methods have been developed, which are not very exact to classify the data. The authors show a new method of automatic classification of the drive recorder data into more than two categories including “accidents”, “near-accidents” and “bound” etc., by using the waveforms of the acceleration data. The method is much more effective and reliable than the current automatic methods and it enables to build an automatic processing system for mass data from drive recorders to be classified exactly.