著者

伊藤 菊一

出版者

一般社団法人植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.167-173, 2004-12-20 (Released:2017-09-29)

著者

塚谷 裕一

出版者

一般社団法人植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.135-141, 2009-12-18 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

25

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Endoreduplication (or endocycle) is a modified cell cycle, that widely seen among multicellular organisms such as plants and animals. In plants, endoreduplication is under developmental or environmental controls and results in extensive increase of cell volume and therefore affects plant body size. Arabidopsis thaliana, the most widely studied model plant, exhibits endoreduplication in nearly all organs at high levels, and thus is a useful material to study the biological significance and molecular mechanisms of endoreduplication. In this review, I will overview the present understandings of the endoreduplication in Arabidopsis, with a special emphasis on the generality of this biological process.

著者

作田 正明

出版者

一般社団法人植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.49-55, 2009-05-31 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

30

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The red pigments, anthocyanins and betacyanins have never been demonstrated to occur together in the same plant. Although anthocyanins are widely distributed as flower and fruit pigments in higher plants, betacyanins have replaced anthocyanins in the Caryophyllales. Anthocyanins have not been reported to occur in these betacyanin-producing plants, and the evolutionary gain and loss of the two pigments remain a mystery, as do the molecular bases underlying their mutual exclusion. The accumulation of flavonols in the Caryophyllales suggests that the step (s) of anthocyanin biosynthesis from dihydroflavonols to anthocyanins could be blocked in the Caryophyllales. Some insights can be gained from DFR and ANS, which are involved in the biosynthetic pathway from dihydroflavonols to anthocyanins. The cDNAs encoding DFR and ANS were isolated from Spinacia oleracea and Phytolacca americana, plants that belong to the Caryophyllales. The experiments using recombinant DFR and ANS expressed in Escherichia coli revealed that the Caryophyllales plants posses functional DFR and ANS. The expression profiles showed that DFR and ANS were not expressed in most tissues and organs expect seed in S. oleracea. These result indicated that the suppression or limited expression of the DFR and ANS may cause the luck of anthocyanin in the Caryophyllales.

著者

秋山 遼太 中安 大 梅基 直行 村中 俊哉 水谷 正治

出版者

一般社団法人植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.92-98, 2017

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<p>Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are toxic specialized metabolites that are found in Solanaceae. Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) contains the SGAs α-solanine and α-chaconine, which are biosynthesized from cholesterol. Several biosynthetic genes including <i>SSR2</i> and two cytochrome P450 genes (<i>CYP72A188</i> and <i>CYP72A208</i>) have been identified, and the transgenic potato plants silencing these biosynthetic genes showed SGA-reduced phenotypes. Here we summarize our recent results and strategy towards metabolic engineering of potato accumulating pharmaceutically useful compounds by genome editing. <i>CYP88B1</i>, which is involved in a later step of the SGA biosynthetic pathway with unknown catalytic function, is co-ordinately expressed with the SGA biosynthetic genes. We applied CRISPR/Cas9 system to knockout potato <i>CYP88B1</i>. The <i>CYP88B1</i>-knockout potatoes showed no accumulation of SGAs, and furthermore the corresponding amounts of steroidal saponins were accumulated in the knockout potatoes.</p>

著者

新屋 友規 渋谷 直人

出版者

一般社団法人植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1, pp.76-82, 2015-05-29 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

38

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Plants evolved a multilayered immune system against pathogenic microbes and insect herbivores. Plant cell wall and apoplast consist an essential component of this immune system as the first line of defense, where plant cells contact with these invaders. Plant immune responses can be triggered by the recognition of conserved microbial signature called MAMP (Microbe-associated molecular pattern) at the apoplastic region. In the plant immune system, plant cell wall can function as a barrier against invasion and also a sensor for pathogen attack. Alteration of cell wall integrity and the generation of cell wall-derived fragments are both considered to induce plant immune responses. These MAMPs and damage signals (including DAMPs, Damage-associated molecular patterns) trigger the generation of anti-microbial compounds in the apoplastic region and the reinforcement of the cell wall. On the other hand, pathogenic microbes evolved effector systems to inhibit/escape from the host defense machinery and surveillance system. These battles at the molecular level between plants and microbes often take place in the apoplast. It has also been becoming clear that the plant cell walls are involved in the detection of and defense responses against insect herbivores. Thus plant cell wall and apoplast are not only important as the battle field where host plants and invading organisms compete for the detection and defense responses but also important as a sensor and barrier for these invaders.

著者

札埜 高志

出版者

一般社団法人植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.114-119, 2012-12-20 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

32

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Inflorescence characterized by clusters of florets, rather than simple flowers, is often used as cut flowers. The number of florets and the shape of inflorescence have a significant impact on the quality and price of cut flowers, and therefore, controlling these characters is crucial in cut flower production. The mechanism of inflorescence architecture development appears to intricately change depending on the hereditary factors and cultivation conditions, but it has some regularity, too. In this paper, it is explained that the mechanism of inflorescence architecture development for the purpose of stable production of cut flowers, especially of Gypsophila paniculata using a term of "regularity" as a keyword.

著者

秋山 遼太 中安 大 梅基 直行 村中 俊哉 水谷 正治

出版者

一般社団法人植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.92-98, 2017 (Released:2018-01-12)

参考文献数

33

---

Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are toxic specialized metabolites that are found in Solanaceae. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) contains the SGAs α-solanine and α-chaconine, which are biosynthesized from cholesterol. Several biosynthetic genes including SSR2 and two cytochrome P450 genes (CYP72A188 and CYP72A208) have been identified, and the transgenic potato plants silencing these biosynthetic genes showed SGA-reduced phenotypes. Here we summarize our recent results and strategy towards metabolic engineering of potato accumulating pharmaceutically useful compounds by genome editing. CYP88B1, which is involved in a later step of the SGA biosynthetic pathway with unknown catalytic function, is co-ordinately expressed with the SGA biosynthetic genes. We applied CRISPR/Cas9 system to knockout potato CYP88B1. The CYP88B1-knockout potatoes showed no accumulation of SGAs, and furthermore the corresponding amounts of steroidal saponins were accumulated in the knockout potatoes.

著者

尾形 善之 鈴木 秀幸

出版者

一般社団法人植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.117-122, 2017 (Released:2018-01-12)

参考文献数

13

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Since the decoding of Arabidopsis genome, big data of plant genes have been accumulated in public data bank and the expression of these genes have been analyzed. By revealing relationships between the genes, co-expressed genes can be detected and thus, knowledge on the functionality of the genes can be obtained. To reveal such relationships, we have developed ConfeitoGUIplus that is a toolkit to detect relationships between elements based on network analysis. Here, we summarize the way to use this toolkit and introduce several examples of Arabidopsis gene expression datasets by focusing Myb transcription factors. ConfeitoGUIplus can be used not only for gene expression but also for other datasets such as the accumulation of metabolites. Although the present version of ConfeitoGUIplus only accepts a two-dimensional matrix containing elements and variates, in the near future, a correlation matrix such as relationships in gene homology and in molecular structure of metabolites will be acceptable to the toolkit.