著者

髙野 誠

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.82-86, 2019 (Released:2019-06-26)

参考文献数

4

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We have developed the vaccine rice for cedar pollen allergy and have been trying to commercialize it since then. At first, we aimed to commercialize it as food for specified health use, but the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare had a different opinion. Then, we had made efforts to bring it out as the medicine by consulting with Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA). However, any pharmaceutical companies embarked on this challenging project. Now, we are trying to accumulate the evidence in clinical studies in collaboration with medical institutions. Hopefully, a new functional food category between medicine and food will be established in near future and the vaccine rice will be approved as a functional food by receiving a big boost from patients suffer from pollinosis.

著者

大島 研郎 前島 健作 難波 成任

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.131-136, 2014-12-20 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

24

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Phytoplasmas are plant pathogenic bacteria associated with devastating damage to over 700 plant species worldwide. It is agriculturally important to identify factors involved in their pathogenicity and to discover effective measures to control phytoplasma diseases. Despite their economic importance, phytoplasmas remain the most poorly characterized plant pathogens, primarily because efforts at in vitro culture, gene delivery, and mutagenesis have been unsuccessful. However, recent molecular studies have revealed unique biological features of phytoplasmas. This review summarizes the history and recent progress in phytoplasma research, focusing on reductive evolution of the genomes and virulence factors involved in their unique symptoms, such as TENGU and Phyllogen.

著者

川島 和夫

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.100-106, 2007-05-31 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

134

被引用文献数

1

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界面活性剤を主成分とする展着剤の現状及び界面活性剤に関する最近の文献を中心にまとめ,界面活性剤の植物に及ぼす作用性を考察した.界面活性剤が植物に及ぼす作用として植物毒性,微細構造変化及びクチクラ膜の透過性などが挙げられるが,農薬の効力増強作用を解析する目的で検討されている.葉面上及び葉面内における作用機作が究明される中,特に非イオン性界面活性剤の活性化作用については(1)農薬の投与量と物理化学的な性状,(2)界面活性剤の投与量と物理化学的な性状,(3)標的植物の特性の3要因が複雑に相互作用するものと推察される.その活性化作用の解析により,製剤施用技術を向上させ環境保全型農業への貢献が期待できる.

著者

伊藤 菊一

出版者

一般社団法人植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.167-173, 2004-12-20 (Released:2017-09-29)

著者

下野 裕之

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.63-66, 2020 (Released:2021-07-01)

参考文献数

6

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It is customary to cultivate rice of tropical origin in the spring. Here, I introduce a new technique, “Early-winter direct-sowing cultivation”, which sown seeds in the early winter of the previous year and overwinter in the soil for several months until the following spring.

著者

有村 慎一 髙梨 秀樹

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.25-30, 2017 (Released:2017-06-23)

参考文献数

46

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Methods for stably transforming the mitochondrial genomes of multicellular organisms are presently unavailable. Plant mitochondrial genomes encode genes not only for essential oxidative phosphorylation but also for agronomically important traits, such as cytoplasmic male sterility. The lack of transformation methods prevents analysis of basic features of the genomes and their encoding genes, and prevents their application to agriculture. Recently, a TALEN-based method was used to eliminate some mammalian mitochondrial disease genes. Unlike mammalian mitochondrial genomes, plant mitochondrial genomes are large and vary in size. They have many recombination-active repeats, and linear, branched and circular structures. These complicated and dynamic structures make them difficult to stably transform, and this in turn makes it difficult to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying their complex structures. This review describes the unusual features of plant mitochondrial genomes and recent attempts to transform the mitochondrial genomes of plants and other organisms.

著者

冨永 達

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.65-67, 2016 (Released:2017-02-15)

参考文献数

16

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Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world. Resistance to the herbicide in weeds leads to severe yield losses for crop. The resistance to glyphosate of amaranth is due to two mechanisms: target site resistance conferred by amino acid change in a target enzyme or overexpression of a target enzyme, and non-target site resistance conferred by changes in sequestration and/or translocation of the herbicide. Various kinds of weed seeds have been introduced as contaminants in imported grains and some of them are resistant to herbicide. The monitoring of the spread of resistant genes is necessary. Plant hormones that control sexual reproduction will be one of the powerful candidates to control weeds.

著者

吉田 聡子 若竹 崇雅 白須 賢

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.66-73, 2014-05-30 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

43

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Several parasitic plants in Orobanchaceae, such as Striga and Orobanche, cause devastating damage on agriculture worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms of plant parasitism remain poorly understood. Orobanchaceae include species in a different range of parasitism, i.e. facultative and obligate parasites. Facultative parasites complete their life cycle without host plants, while obligate parasites are not able to survive without hosts in a natural condition. Although both parasites respond to quinone signals to develop infectious organs called haustoria, their shapes are distinct. Their responses to germination stimulants are also different. We are conducting genome and transcriptome analyses of an obligate parasite Striga asiatica and a facultative parasite Phtheirospermum japonicum to identify genes responsible for plant parasitism. A transformation protocol of P. japonicum was also established and used for functional characterization of parasitic plant genes.

著者

染谷 信孝 新沼 協 山口 勇 濱本 宏

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.83-89, 2005-05-27 (Released:2017-09-29)

著者

崔 宰熏 河岸 洋和

出版者

植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.34-39, 2012-05-31

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Rings or arcs of fungus-stimulated plant growth occur often on the floor of woodlands which are commonly called "fairy rings". The fairy-ring forming fungi cause circles of mushrooms, rings or arcs of dark green grass due to luxuriant growth, or rings of dead grass. The liquid-cultured fungus was filtered, the filtrate was fractionated by successive chromatography, and the fractions were tested for their growth regulating activity on bentgrass. This lead to the purification of the active principles, 2-azahypoxanthine (AHX) and imidazole-4-carboxamide (ICA). Both AHX and ICA increased rice seed yield by 25.5% and 26.0%, respectively, in a greenhouse experiment. The growth-promoting activity of AHX was investigated using a rice oligo DNA microarray, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and bioassay. The results indicate that plants develop tolerance to various and continuous stress from the environment and increased nitrogen absorption by AHX-treatment, resulting in the growth promotion.

著者

遠山 隆文 石井 征亜 禿 泰雄 岡部 勝美

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.202-207, 2001-11-30 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2

著者

塚谷 裕一

出版者

一般社団法人植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.135-141, 2009-12-18 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

25

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Endoreduplication (or endocycle) is a modified cell cycle, that widely seen among multicellular organisms such as plants and animals. In plants, endoreduplication is under developmental or environmental controls and results in extensive increase of cell volume and therefore affects plant body size. Arabidopsis thaliana, the most widely studied model plant, exhibits endoreduplication in nearly all organs at high levels, and thus is a useful material to study the biological significance and molecular mechanisms of endoreduplication. In this review, I will overview the present understandings of the endoreduplication in Arabidopsis, with a special emphasis on the generality of this biological process.

著者

二井 一禎

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.127-129, 2012-12-20 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

5

著者

斉藤 圭亮 石北 央

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.133-138, 2015-12-21 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

11

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We investigated the degrees of chlorin ring deformations of the special pair chlorophylls P_<D1>/P_<D2> in the Photosystem II (PSII) crystal structure, using a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical approach. We found that (i) the out-of-plane distortion of the PD1 chlorin ring can be described predominantly by a large "doming mode" arising from the axial ligand D1-His198. In contrast, (ii) the deformation of PD2 was caused by a "saddling mode" arising from the D2-Trp191 side chain and the axial ligand D2-His197. However, (iii) the redox potential difference between P_<D1> and P_<D2> was predominantly determined by the PSII electrostatic environment rather than by the degree of the chlorin-ring distortion. (iv) The chlorin ring deformation appears to simply originate from the local steric protein environment of PSII.

著者

大西 利幸

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1, pp.28-39, 2015-05-29 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

60

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Plants biosynthesize an excess of bioactive phytochemicals (primary metabolites and specialized metabolites) that have primary functions in photosynthesis, respiration, growth and development and specialized functions in ecological interactions and defense against plant pathogens and herbivores.Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play crucial roles in terpenoids biosynthesis and metabolism. 1)BR campestanol-independent pathway Recent molecular genetic studies for BR-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis, rice, tomato and garden pea have identified several P450 genes (CYP85A, 90A, 90B, 90C, 90D, 724B) so far.We, here, present that functional characterization of P450 enzymes involved in brassinosteroids biosynthesis led to the elucidation of the novel BR short-cut route (named campestanol-independent pathway). 2)CYP720 family in conifer chemical defense Recent gene discovery and phylogenetic cluster analysis for conifer P450s revealed that the CYP720 subfamily consists of over 30 P450s. Here, we report new results from the biochemical characterization of CYP720B4.In vitro assay results show that this P450 catalyze three oxidation steps at the C-18 position of abietine to form abietic acid, and also oxidize other diterpenoid olefins to the corresponding resin acids.

著者

藤井 雄太 児玉 豊

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.48-51, 2016 (Released:2017-02-15)

参考文献数

25

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Protein-protein interaction plays a fundamental role to maintain biological process. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay is an imaging technique to visualize protein-protein interaction in living cells. BiFC assay is based on structural complementation between two non-fluorescent N-terminal and C-terminal fragments derived from a fluorescent protein. Over the past decade, BiFC assay has been widely used in plant science fields, due to its technical simplicity. However, designing appropriate control experiment is quite important for BiFC assay, because non-specific self-assembly of the non-fluorescent fragments induces background fluorescence, which may lead to misinterpretation of BiFC results. In this technical note, we describe information regarding fluorescent protein and BiFC assay in plants, and introduce “BiFC competition assay” as a control experiment.

著者

小野 道之

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.85-87, 2014-05-30 (Released:2017-09-29)

著者

平井 優美 白石 文秀

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.139-145, 2018 (Released:2018-12-28)

参考文献数

42

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Plant metabolism is characterized by a wide diversity of metabolites, with systems far more complicated than those of microorganisms. Therefore, plant metabolic engineering is still a challenge compared to microbial engineering. Metabolic engineering requires system-level understanding of metabolism and mathematical modeling is useful for understanding dynamic behaviors of plant metabolic systems. Time-series metabolome data has great potential for estimating kinetic model parameters to construct a genome-wide metabolic network model. However, data obtained by current metabolomics techniques does not meet the requirement for constructing accurate models. In this article, we highlight novel strategies and algorithms to handle the underlying difficulties and construct dynamic in vivo models for large-scale plant metabolic systems. The coarse but efficient modeling enables predictive metabolic engineering and also the prediction of unknown mechanisms regulating plant metabolism.

著者

高橋 勝利 山本 浩太郎 大西 美輪 三村 徹郎

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.66-72, 2018 (Released:2018-06-22)

参考文献数

26

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Imaging MS is a new tool to map the spatial distribution of molecules including secondary metabolites on the biological materials. By using combinations of scanning system and various methods for ionization, matrices, and mass apparatuses, we can detect localization of biomolecules in tissues. Recently, we applied Imaging MS to intact plant tissues by the in house-developed apparatus which has the refinement of Matrix Associated Laser Desorption/Ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) MS incorporating ultra-high mass resolution, ultra-high molecular mass accuracy and high spatial resolution. This Imaging MS analysis succeeded in visualizing of cellular localization of secondary metabolites of Catharanthus roseus stem tissues glued to a small conductive glass.

著者

作田 正明

出版者

一般社団法人植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.49-55, 2009-05-31 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

30

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The red pigments, anthocyanins and betacyanins have never been demonstrated to occur together in the same plant. Although anthocyanins are widely distributed as flower and fruit pigments in higher plants, betacyanins have replaced anthocyanins in the Caryophyllales. Anthocyanins have not been reported to occur in these betacyanin-producing plants, and the evolutionary gain and loss of the two pigments remain a mystery, as do the molecular bases underlying their mutual exclusion. The accumulation of flavonols in the Caryophyllales suggests that the step (s) of anthocyanin biosynthesis from dihydroflavonols to anthocyanins could be blocked in the Caryophyllales. Some insights can be gained from DFR and ANS, which are involved in the biosynthetic pathway from dihydroflavonols to anthocyanins. The cDNAs encoding DFR and ANS were isolated from Spinacia oleracea and Phytolacca americana, plants that belong to the Caryophyllales. The experiments using recombinant DFR and ANS expressed in Escherichia coli revealed that the Caryophyllales plants posses functional DFR and ANS. The expression profiles showed that DFR and ANS were not expressed in most tissues and organs expect seed in S. oleracea. These result indicated that the suppression or limited expression of the DFR and ANS may cause the luck of anthocyanin in the Caryophyllales.