著者

高橋 浩晃 宮村 淳一

出版者

北海道大学大学院理学研究院自然史科学部門(地球物理学) = Department of Natural History Sciences (Geophysics), Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University

雑誌

北海道大学地球物理学研究報告 (ISSN:04393503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, pp.177-190, 2009-03-15

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We investigate the activity of deep low-frequency earthquakes (DLE) in Japanese Islands by JMA hypocenter catalogue during 1997 to 2008. It is confirmed that DLE cluster is distributed in every region. This implies that DLE phenomenon is common in Japanese subduction zone. Many active DLE clusters are identified in and around the quaternary volcanoes in whole area. There are also many non-volcanic clusters in Hokkaido and Tohoku regions, but very few in Kanto, Koushinetsu, Chubu, Hokuriku and Kyushu regions. High activity of non-volcanic clusters is observed in Kinki region. No clear correlation between DLE number and volcano activity index during 100 and 10,000 years is recognized. This fact implies the possibility that DLE activity is not precursor signal of shallow volcanic activities such as eruption at any time. Lower limit of DLE hypocenter depth generally coincides with depth of Moho discontinuity of each region. This may indicates that structure of upper mantle and lower crust and its boundary strongly control the occurrence of DLE's.

著者

上垣 拓郎 池上 裕 中西 一郎 小久保 一哉 露木 貴裕 中村 浩二 原田 智史

出版者

北海道大学大学院理学研究院自然史科学部門(地球物理学) = Department of Natural History Sciences (Geophysics), Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University

雑誌

北海道大学地球物理学研究報告 (ISSN:04393503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, pp.379-382, 2009-03-15

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The long-period strain seismograms from the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of December 26, 2004 and the Nias earthquake of March 28, 2005 are analyzed by comparing the observed seismograms with synthetic seismograms calculated by normal mode theory. The multiple CMT source (Tsai et al., 2005) and Harvard CMT solution explain the seismograms recorded by both extensometers and volumetric strainmeters from the 2004 and 2005 earthquakes, respectively. The long-period strain seismograms observed in Japan are consistent with about 9 min source duration and 1200 km fault length proposed by Tsai et al. (2005) and Velasco et al. (2006).

著者

森谷 武男 茂木 透 高田 真秀 山本 勲

出版者

北海道大学大学院理学研究院自然史科学部門(地球物理学) = Department of Natural History Sciences (Geophysics), Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University

雑誌

北海道大学地球物理学研究報告 (ISSN:04393503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, pp.269-285, 2009-03-15

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A new observation system established in Hokkaido, northern Japan to confirm a suspected relationship between anomalous radio-wave propagation and impending earthquakes has been documenting anomalous VHF-band radiowave propagation beyond the line of sight prior to earthquakes since December, 2002. During such events, radio waves transmitted from an FM radio station were scattered, such that they could be received by an observation station beyond the transmitting station's line of sight. A linear relationship was established between the logarithm of the total duration time of the anomalous transmissions (Te) and the magnitude (M) or maximum seismic intensity (I) of the impending earthquake for M4- to M5-class earthquakes that occurred at depths of about 50 km beneath the Hidaka Mountains in Hokkaido, Japan in June 2004 and March 2008 as reported in the previous paper (Moriya et al., 2005). Similar linear relationships are also valid for earthquakes that occurred at other depths. Te is longer for shallower earthquakes and shorter for deeper ones. Numerous parameters seem to affect Te, including hypocenter depths and epicentral surface conditions (i.e., sea versus land). This relationship is important because it means that pre-seismic, anomalous transmission of VHF-band waves may be useful in predicting the size of an impending earthquake. To avoid misidentification of FM stations that have identical frequencies, three 64 MHz band transmitters were established, each with a unique frequency. Earthquakes that occurred in and around eastern Hokkaido scattered waves from FM-band and 64 MHz-band stations and provided quantitative relationships between Te and M, and between Te and I. Using the interferometer at the TES observation site, the incident azimuth of the scattering waves from the Hiroo station was measured. Prior to two earthquakes that occurred beneath almost the same part of the Tokachi region at depths of 86 km and magnitudes of M 4.9 and 4.0, the interferometer yielded incident azimuths of S18W and S34W. The true azimuths from TES to the hypocenters of the two earthquakes were S35W and S38W, respectively. These two measurements, therefore, suggest that anomalous transmission of VHF waves is caused by scattering at the epicenters of impending earthquakes.

著者

中西 一郎

出版者

北海道大学大学院理学研究院自然史科学部門(地球物理学) = Department of Natural History Sciences (Geophysics), Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University

雑誌

北海道大学地球物理学研究報告 (ISSN:04393503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, pp.383-386, 2009-03-15

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A record is found in the historical document of the Toudou family in relation to the 1596 Bungo-Iyo earthquake. The document was written about 180 years after the occurrence of the earthquake. The record shows that the castle Uwajima was damaged by the 1596 earthquake and provides us with an important constraint on the location of the earthquake.

著者

前田 宜浩 笠原 稔

出版者

北海道大学大学院理学研究院自然史科学部門(地球物理学) = Department of Natural History Sciences (Geophysics), Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University

雑誌

北海道大学地球物理学研究報告 (ISSN:04393503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, pp.219-230, 2009-03-15

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On August 2, 2007, a shallow crustal earthquake occurred at west off Sakhalin Island, far eastern Russia. Moment magnitude (MW) of this earthquake determined by Global CMT is 6.2. This earthquake generated severe damage to habitants and buildings at Nevelsk city near the epicenter. Visible large uplift was reported along the coast, and tsunami was observed even though its small magnitude. Teleseismic broadband waveforms from IRIS show long-duration P-wave pulse; the duration is comparable to that of MW 6.8 event. Teleseismic data also show later phases at some stations. Seismic source model is estimated using teleseismic data by applying the waveform inversion method. The estimated source model is compared with those from two earthquakes occurring in Sakhalin. The 2007 event is characterized by the slow slip event. Spectral ratio based on broadband strong-motion data between the 2007 event and MW 5.6 event shows that smaller excitation of short-period seismic waves by the 2007 event than the MW 5.6 event. This feature is also confirmed by the analysis of teleseismic waveforms. Theoretical source spectral ratio based on the ω^[-2] source model using source parameters estimated from the waveform inversion well explains the observed spectral ratio. Seismic moment derived from waveform inversion is smaller than those derived from the crustal deformation and tsunami data. An aseismic slip is considered as a possible cause of this discrepancy.

著者

三品 正明 立花 憲司 三浦 哲

出版者

北海道大学大学院理学研究院自然史科学部門(地球物理学) = Department of Natural History Sciences (Geophysics), Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University

雑誌

北海道大学地球物理学研究報告 (ISSN:04393503)

巻号頁・発行日

no.72, pp.287-298, 2009-03

被引用文献数

1

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Borehole strainmeters installed in the coastal area of Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures recorded the remarkable postseismic strain change following earthquake off Fukushima Prefecture on July 19, 2008 (M 6.9). Using exponential function, we simulated the postseismic strain change and obtained time constant and amplitude of the postseismic change. Time constant was 57 h. The amplitude ratio to the amplitude of the co-seismic change was 0.9 (KNK: Kinkazan), 1.1 (EN3: Enoshima) and 1.6 (MH2: Mihodo), respectively. This means almost the same amount of slip as the main shock occurred on the fault plane after the shock. We also analyzed data at an off Fukushima Prefecture earthquake on October 31, 2003 (M 6.8). Time constant of the postseismic change was 40 h. The amplitude ratio was 0.5 (KNK), 0.6 (EN3) and 1.5 (MH2), respectively. This earthquake also had similar feature as the 2008 event. These characteristics of postseismic slips are considered to relate the distribution of the coupling coefficient between Pacific plate and continental plate. In off Fukushima area, the coupling coefficient may be weaker around the epicenter area of the 2008 earthquake than around the 2003 event.