著者

阪口 諒 阪口 諒

出版者

日本北方言語学会

雑誌

北方言語研究 (ISSN:21857121)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.131-144, 2019-03-15

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知里真志保(1909-1961)の遺稿ノートを翻刻した北海道教育庁生涯学習部文化課編(2002)(以下、【フィールド1】)には樺太アイヌの物語が複数掲載されている。そのうちいくつかはすでに和訳が公刊されているが、どの和訳と対応するのか分からないものもあり、遺稿ノートの忠実な翻刻のままでは利用しにくい。今回、【フィールド1】45-47頁に掲載の「Esaman Carahau」が既に「カワウソのばけもの」(一つ目の大入道)として公刊されていることが確認できた。また、いくつかの資料から語り手に関しても特定できるように思われる。この物語は「樺太西海岸タラントマリの伝承」であるが、樺太(サハリン)西海岸の散文物語で原文が公開されているものは極めて少ないことを考慮して、原文に新たな訳註を付すことにした。なお、この物語の原文はローマ字で筆記されている。

著者

落合 いずみ

出版者

日本北方言語学会

雑誌

北方言語研究 (ISSN:21857121)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.99-121, 2021-03-20

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This paper reconstructs the vigesimal system and the numerals based on that system in Post-Proto-Ainu by comparing three dialects of Ainu: the Hokkaido dialect, the Sakhalin dialect, and the Kuril dialect. In the Ainu vigesimal system, multiples of 20 are indicated by hot, the word for “20,” whose proto form is reconstructed as *gOt. This paper analyzes the structures of the numerals between adjacent multiples of 20, such as the numerals from 21 to 39, from 41 to 59, and from 61 to 79. In the vigesimal system, each interval comprises 19 units. This paper proposes that the former nine units and the latter ten units show different structures. The units in the interval (e.g., 21 to 39) can either be expressed by the lower multiple of 20 (i.e., 20) or the higher multiple of 20 (i.e., 40). Expressing the units by using the lower multiple of 20 is called undercounting (or additive counting); expressing the units by using the higher multiple of 20 is called overcounting. This paper claims that the former 9 units (e.g., 21 to 29) use undercounting, whereas the latter 10 units (e.g., 30 to 39) use overcounting. The undercounted numeral 21 is expressed as “1 more than 20.” The overcounted numeral 30 is expressed as “10 goes toward 40,” and 31 as “11 goes toward 40.” In previous studies, the latter ten units have been explained by different counting methods. The odd multiples of ten (e.g., 30, 50, and 70) have been explained by subtraction (i.e., 40−10, 60−10, and 80−10, respectively). The following numerals (e.g., 31, 51, and 71) have been explained by a further addition of digits (i.e., 40−10+1, 60−10+1, and 80−10+1, respectively). This paper treats these ten units in a uniform manner by proposing an overcounting numeral system for them.

著者

風間 伸次郎

出版者

日本北方言語学会

雑誌

北方言語研究 (ISSN:21857121)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.特別号, pp.163-171, 2022-03-20

著者

山田 祥子

出版者

日本北方言語学会

雑誌

北方言語研究 (ISSN:21857121)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.1-106, 2023-03-20

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The present publication aims to make available as a primary source the sound recordings of the Ewenki language (one of the Tungusic languages) taken from Ms. Ekaterina A. BORISOVA in Sakhalin Oblast, Russian Federation, during May-July 2010. Ms. BORISOVA was born in 1949 in Ayan-Maya (or Ayan-Mai) district that is located in the northern part of the Khabarovsk region. The Ewenki language she speaks is believed to be a dialect acquired in her homeland. Based on the geographical condition, it can be assumed to be the Ayan-Maya (or Ayan-Mai) dialect of the Eastern group of dialects, but linguistic features need to be closely observed for more accurate identification of the dialect. The present sound materials contain the followings: 1. Basic vocaburary 2. Numbers 3. Basic conversational expressions 4. Sample sentences based on a questionnaire 5. Text: my background 6. Text: dad, me, and our dog 7. Text: a story about wolves trying to attack reindeer 8. Text: a day in early summer 9. Text: a place, where wild animals gather 10. Text: the new horizon 11. Text: most important is the health of reindeer 12. Text: solonetz 13. Text: my reindeer 14. Text: Manchurian wapiti 15. Text: a bear and a chipmunk (from a Nanai tale) The phonetic transcription, Russian translation, Japanese translation, and (for chapters 4-14 only) the speaker’s own Russian transcription are provided as indexes to the sound materials.

著者

アクマタリエワ ジャクシルク

出版者

日本北方言語学会

雑誌

北方言語研究 (ISSN:21857121)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.39-52, 2022-03-20

著者

Alonso de la Fuente José Andrés

出版者

日本北方言語学会

雑誌

北方言語研究 (ISSN:21857121)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.特別号, pp.35-46, 2022-03-20

著者

Sato Tomomi Bugaeva Anna

出版者

日本北方言語学会

雑誌

北方言語研究 (ISSN:21857127)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.67-93, 2019-03-15

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Focusing on cross-dialectal comparison is particlarly important in the case of language isolates like Ainu, which lack outside comparisons. Unfortunately, Kuril Ainu, which is absolutely indispensable for the reconstruction, disappeared in the late 19th century with just few old documents left. This study presents several newly discovered unpublished Kuril Ainu documents, i.e. Opisanie na pervom ostrovu zhivuscikh kurilov... [A description of the Kuriles living on the first island...] by O. Argunov (1742) and Kuril'skie slova [Kuril Words ; I.G. Voznesensky's archive] (1844?) from the St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences and attempts to revise Murayama's (1971) overview of Kuril Ainu and pursue historical research on a number of isues. Though Murayama (1971) notes that Kuril Ainu is extremely important for Ainu dialectology and history of Ainu, he does not give any concrete examples of how it can actually be used for this purpose. This paper suggests that Kuril Ainu old documents can reveal a lot only when compared with old documents of other dialects, i.e. Hokkaido and Sakhalin Ainu. Despite many difficulties in accessing and deciphering, the study of old Kuril Ainu documents and their comparison with Hokkaido and Sakhalin Ainu documents is very promising because it is quite possible to find previously undocumented vocabulary items (e.g. obscenities including the word unatara which appeared in both unpublished Kuril Ainu materials in Cyrillic and kana materials), identify new meanings of words (e.g. in Kuril Ainu, kotan means not only ‘village’ but also ‘island’), and even attempt to recover Proto-Ainu through the reconstruction in phonology (e.g. *CVHC syllable structure in PA based on words for ‘good’ and ‘dark’ in Hokkaido, Sakhalin and Kuril Ainu old records) and grammar (person marking and negation).

著者

阪口 諒

出版者

日本北方言語学会

雑誌

北方言語研究 = Northern language studies (ISSN:21857121)

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.131-144, 2019-03

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知里真志保(1909-1961)の遺稿ノートを翻刻した北海道教育庁生涯学習部文化課編(2002)(以下、【フィールド1】)には樺太アイヌの物語が複数掲載されている。そのうちいくつかはすでに和訳が公刊されているが、どの和訳と対応するのか分からないものもあり、遺稿ノートの忠実な翻刻のままでは利用しにくい。今回、【フィールド1】45-47頁に掲載の「Esaman Carahau」が既に「カワウソのばけもの」(一つ目の大入道)として公刊されていることが確認できた。また、いくつかの資料から語り手に関しても特定できるように思われる。この物語は「樺太西海岸タラントマリの伝承」であるが、樺太(サハリン)西海岸の散文物語で原文が公開されているものは極めて少ないことを考慮して、原文に新たな訳註を付すことにした。なお、この物語の原文はローマ字で筆記されている。This paper aims to present a text of the Southwest-Sakhalin Dialect of Ainu. This is a folktale called "Carahaw" in their genre of folklore. The text has already been translated into Japanese by Prof. Mashiho CHIRI (1909-1961). The original Ainu text was extracted from "CHIRI Mashiho's Field Note (1)" (published by Hokkaido Prefectural Board of Education, 2002), which contain Mr. Kotarō SASAKI (1923-1965)'s field notes of a recording of the tale thought to have been recited by Ms. Nayo YAMADA (?-?) in Tarantomari, Sakhalin in 1943. A version of the text romanized by the currently used method and a Japanese translation are also presented. The one-eyed river otter There were two brothers living in a settlement of Usoro. One day they made for the east coast of Sakhalin on a sled pulled by dogs. On the way, they stayed at a hut used by Ainu people when hunting marten. In the middle of the night, the younger brother woke up at a strange sound, looked around, the elder brother was being eaten by a one-eyed monster. He was frightened and ran out and unleashed the sled dogs. The monster was chased by the dogs, and darted off to a mountain. The next day the younger brother went to the nearby village to tell the people what had happened in the mountain. The men of the beach went to the mountain to kill it. In the night, the monster appeared again, and the men fought it with bows and spears, and killed it. At daybreak, all the people realized that the monster was an extravagantly large and old river-otter. Its skin was like a tanned leather and covered with pine resin. The skin was too hard to be pierced by a knife.

著者

江畑 冬生

出版者

日本北方言語学会

雑誌

北方言語研究 (ISSN:21857121)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.69-81, 2022-03-20

著者

小野 洋平 深澤 美香

出版者

日本北方言語学会

雑誌

北方言語研究 (ISSN:21857121)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.213-246, 2023-03-20

著者

日髙 晋介

出版者

日本北方言語学会

雑誌

北方言語研究 (ISSN:21857121)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.17-37, 2023-03-20

著者

佐藤 知己

出版者

日本北方言語学会

雑誌

北方言語研究 (ISSN:21857121)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.219-230, 2020-03-20

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本稿は、アイヌ語の「合成名詞(複合名詞とも呼ばれる)」の分析において、動詞から名詞への品詞転換、句から語へのカテゴリー転換という二つの文法的カテゴリー転換が共に重要な役割を果たしていることを、これまでのアイヌ語の研究史 を概観することによって確認し、さらに、未解決問題として残されている、自動詞( 一項動詞)から名詞への品詞転換を可能にしている要因とは何かを論ずるものである。具体的には、形式意味論的要因が転換において重要な役割を果たしている可能性を、完全動詞(ゼロ項動詞)との対比を通して明らかにすることを試みる。

著者

王 海波

出版者

日本北方言語学会

雑誌

北方言語研究 (ISSN:21857121)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.135-156, 2020-03-20

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満洲語は満洲・ツングース系の言語であり、元々清国(1616-1912)を建てた満洲族の言語である。満洲語の古典語1(以下「 満洲古典語」または「古典語」)は17世紀から18世紀末にかけて清国で使用された満洲語を指す。本稿で扱う満洲語三家子方言と黒河方言2は、現在中国黒龍江省チチハル市富裕県三家子屯と同省黒河市で話される満洲語の方言である。また、本稿で扱う満洲語シベ方言3は、現在中国新疆ウイグル自治区のチャプチャルシベ自治県で話される満洲語の方言である。