文献一覧: 日本科学史学会 (出版者)

The World War II broke out in Europe in 1939, and the United States set up the National Defense Research Committee on June in 1940. On April 3,1940, the Meeting of Trustees of the Rockefeller Foundation decided on a grant of $1,150,000 to support the construction of a new 184-inch cyclotron at the University of California. This paper elucidates the process leading up to that decision. The decision-making process can be divided into three stages : The first, beginning in October 1939, saw initial enthusiasm for the giant cyclotron project; the second, lasting until February 1940, involved changes in the Foundation's internal circumstances and limitations on funding; the third, which began in early February 1940, saw specific steps toward the materialization of Foundation support for the project. Doubtlessly, Lawrence's supporters tangibly and intangibly influenced the Rockefeller Foundation's decision to support the construction of the giant cyclotron. The decision-making process, however, seems to shed light on the Foundation's grant-making plans or grant-making policy. That is, the Foundation was deeply involved in drawing up the plans from the start, and provided grants for carefully-selected, large-scale, and long-range projects in the fields it was interested in. The giant cyclotron project, for which single-source support was an important issue, seems to be one such case.

2022-09-25 06:03:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 梅文鼎著『中西算學通』と清華大学図書館の暦算書

著者: 小林龍彦
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.45, no.238, pp.92-95, 2006 (Released:2021-08-11)

2022-09-25 06:03:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 戦時中のウラン探鉱

著者: 矢島道子
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.45, no.238, pp.96-98, 2006 (Released:2021-08-11)

2022-09-25 06:03:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 高木公三郎から荒木俊馬への20通の書簡

著者: 株本訓久
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.44, no.236, pp.203-224, 2005 (Released:2021-08-11)

2022-09-25 06:02:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 紹介

出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.44, no.236, pp.232-237, 2005 (Released:2021-08-11)

2022-09-25 06:02:00
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1 0 0 0 OA ポリュボス『人間本性論』におけるエンペドクレスの影響 : 前5世紀ギリシアの医学思想と同時代の自然哲学についての一考察

著者: 今井正浩
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.45, no.237, pp.11-22, 2006 (Released:2021-08-11)

The Hippocratic treatise De Natura Hominis (On the Nature of Man) has been very influential in the history of western medical thought from antiquity, because it argues the theory of four humors as the essential constituents of human body. There has been a traditional view on the theory among scholars that the author Polybos referred to Empedocles' philosophical doctrine of four elements as a model in the formation of the humoral physiology of his own. However, the theory of four humors, as compared with the doctrine of four elements, turns out to be different on the following points. 1) The four elements are introduced as substantial entities, which always remain self-identical, whereas the four humors change into one another, according to the degree of the four elemental qualities (Hot and Cold, Humid and Dry), which constitute their own nature. 2) In the Empedoclean doctrine, human nature comes into being emergently from the four elements, when they come together, or when they separate out of their primordial lump. In NH, the generation process seems to be dependent on human nature, which exists as the determinant of the conditions under which the generation can take place. 3) The Empedoclean cosmic cycle functions as a structural framework, within which the generation takes place. The cosmic system in NH has its own purpose of giving a causal explanation about how the four humors increase and decrease reciprocally in the human body, according to the alternation of the four seasons. These results will make us suppose that the philosophical influences of Empedocles on the theory of four humors remained within a very limited scope, although there are traces in some phrases and sentences as well as forms of argumentation in NH, which may be judged to be reflection of the Empedoclean philosophical poems.

2022-09-25 06:02:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 久米通賢による文化8年彗星の観測記録とその検討

著者: 松村雅文
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.45, no.237, pp.23-28, 2006 (Released:2021-08-11)

2022-09-25 06:02:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 岩橋嘉孝の『平天儀』

著者: 海野一隆
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.45, no.237, pp.29-33, 2006 (Released:2021-08-11)

2022-09-25 06:02:00
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1 0 0 0 OA サイクロトロン開発の各国比較 : 巨大科学の起源を探る(科学史入門)

著者: 日野川静枝
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.45, no.237, pp.34-37, 2006 (Released:2021-08-11)

2022-09-25 06:02:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 戦後日本の地質学に見られる歴史法則主義と現在主義

著者: 泊次郎
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.44, no.235, pp.129-138, 2005 (Released:2021-08-11)

After World War II, the Japanese geological community was involved in a passionate movement for democracy. In 1947 an association so called "Chidanken" was founded for the purpose of democratizing the geological community and collaborating on the geological research. Chidanken also generated a new research tradition that could be named "Historicism". The research tradition, which, became dominant in the Japanese geological community in 1950s, placed a special emphasis on discovering the law of the earth evolution. The historicism research tradition also produced geosynclinal mountain-building theory that had the idea that geosynclines possessed mountain-building forces within them. While there was another research tradition which remained since European geology had been introduced in the mid-nineteenth century. That could be named "Actuarism". There were many controversies over an origin of volcanic rocks and so on between the above two research traditions from 1950s to the beginning of 1970s. When plate tectonics was introduced into Japan in the end of 1960s, the adherence of the historicism research tradition did not accept plate tectonics, because plate tectonics was built on "Actuarism". Moreover geosynclinal mountain-building theory conflicted with plate tectonics that accounted for mountain-building as a consequence of plate motion. Consequently, it was not until the middle of 1980s that plate tectonics was generally accepted in the Japanese geological community.

2022-09-25 06:01:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 北海道農業技術史 : 開墾政策と農業移民の定着(第52回日本科学史学会年会報告)

著者: 南部悟
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.44, no.235, pp.139-142, 2005 (Released:2021-08-11)

2022-09-25 06:01:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 歴史学と工学のための技術移転論(科学史入門)

著者: 鈴木勉
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.44, no.235, pp.143-147, 2005 (Released:2021-08-11)

2022-09-25 06:01:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 鉄と硫黄の化合実験と共に五十年 : 実験の研究と学習の順序(科学史入門)

著者: 三井澄雄
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.44, no.235, pp.148-153, 2005 (Released:2021-08-11)

2022-09-25 06:01:00
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