著者
本間 栄男
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.43, no.229, pp.31-34, 2004 (Released:2021-08-12)

During the collaboration of Beeckman and Descartes, the young Frenchman wrote a short treatise on the "paradox of hydrostatics " which comes from Simon Stevin's work. It is certain that Beeckman brought forward the paradox before him. In this note I show its origin in Beeckman's Journal. I follow the sequence of references in his text to Stevin's and find the very theorem of "hydrostatical paradox ". I also refer to the importance of hydrostatics for Beeckman, because he thought a hydrostatical pressure model of the gravitation or attraction which is the central problem in his natural philosophy. At the end of their collaboration they thought falling body problem. This problem must give them another problem about the cause of gravitation. I think that in the course of explaining it they came upon the paradox.

1 0 0 0 OA 紹介

出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.227, pp.185-190, 2003 (Released:2021-08-12)
著者
中瀬 哲史
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.228, pp.193-206, 2003 (Released:2021-08-12)

The purpose of this paper is to explain why the improvement and standardization of light water reactors were pursued in Japan, and to demonstrate what kinds of influences were brought by that. After the first Oil Crisis in 1974, Japanese nuclear power circle wanted to adopt the nuclear power as an alternative to the petrothermal power. However, operations of nuclear power plants in Japan confronted many troubles at that time, thereby lowering the operating rates of nuclear power plants and causing strong opposition among the people living in the vicinity of relevant sites. In 1975, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, together with the Japanese electric power and nuclear industries, embarked on the improvement and standardization of light water reactors in order to regain "reliability " of nuclear power generation. The project succeeded in improving reliability, which consequently increased the share of nuclear power generation and led a steady increase in plant construction. However, the "success " of this improvement and standardization project raised a new issue: An excess confidence in this technological attainment caused, on one hand, reluctance to invest fund for further technological improvement and, on the other, atmosphere not to permit prolongation of inspection period, together with the pressure for cost reduction under the circumstances of liberalization of electric power in progress since mid 1990s.
著者
横塚 啓之
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.228, pp.207-212, 2003 (Released:2021-08-12)

The Takuma School is one of the schools of Japanese traditional mathematics in the Kansai district. Toshikiyo KAMATA (1678-1747) is the head of the third generation of the Takuma School. The Takuma-ryu Enri preserved in the library of the University of Tokyo consists of five volumes and the first two volumes have been thought to be KAMATA'S works. The Takuma-ryu Enri vol. 1 by Toshikiyo KAMATA is especially famous for the calculation of pi. The Takuma-ryu Enri Hijutsu is in the same library and one theory holds that its author is Toshikiyo KAMATA too. The Kohai-mitsujutsu Kigen preserved in the Ogura collection of Waseda University's library is composed of two volumes. The first volume is a variant text of the Takuma-ryu Enri Hijutsu and the second is an alternate version of the Takuma-ryu Enri vol. 2. At the end of the Kohai-mitsujutsu Kigen vol. 2 the description "Yoshikazu MATSUOKA respectfully has written this from 1792 to 1804 " can be found. Yoshikazu MATSUOKA (1737-?) is the head of the fifth generation of the Takuma School. By this fact and other reasons it is probable that the author of the Takuma-ryu Enri vol. 2 and the Takuma-ryu Enri Hijutsu is not Toshikiyo KAMATA but Yoshikazu MATSUOKA.

1 0 0 0 OA 紹介

出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.226, pp.119-126, 2003 (Released:2021-08-13)
著者
江沢 洋
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.227, pp.153-167, 2003 (Released:2021-08-12)
被引用文献数
1