著者

泊 次郎

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.233, pp.23-32, 2005 (Released:2021-08-12)

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The concept of geosynclines was born in the middle of the nineteenth century had been a fundamental concept in geology for more than one hundred years. Geosynclines had been understood as the places where mountainbuilding occurred. However many geologists thought that mountain-building forces existed outside geosynclines. Many mountain-building theories as earth contraction, continental drift, etc. coexisted before the advent of plate tectonics. When plate tectonics which was applied to mountain-building appeared, it was regarded as one acceptable theory of mountain-building at first. Therefore the concept of geosynclines did not conflict with plate tectonics in the West. After World War II, the Japanese geological community was involved in a passionate movement for democracy and the members of this political group tended to apply their own scientific theories. In particular, they came to the idea that geosynclines possessed mountain-building forces within them. According to this idea, in the center of geosynclines granite is made from geosynclinal deposits, and it is so much lighter than other materials that it gets enough buoyancy to upheave the mountain surrounding it. This idea, which became dominant among Japanese geologists, was called geosynclinal mountain-building theory. It gradually grew into a kind of paradigm. In contrast, plate tectonics account for mountain-building as a conquence of plate motion. When plate tectonics was introduced into Japan in the end of 1960s, the adherence of the Japanese geosynclinal mountain- building theory therefore did not accept plate tectonics. Consequently, it was not until the middle of 1980s that plate tectonics was generally accepted in the Japanese geological community.

著者

泊 次郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.11-14, 2013-06-26 (Released:2013-10-01)

参考文献数

8

著者

都司 嘉宣 佐竹 健治 石辺 岳男 楠本 聡 原田 智也 西山 昭仁 金 幸隆 上野 俊洋 室谷 智子 大木 聖子 杉本 めぐみ 泊 次郎 Heidarzadeh Mohammad 綿田 辰吾 今井 健太郎 Choi Byung Ho Yoon Sung Bum Bae Jae Seok Kim Kyeong Ok Kim Hyun Woo

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大学地震研究所彙報 (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.3/4, pp.29-279, 2012-03-16

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We report the results of field surveys conducted by the Earthquake Research Institute, to measure tsunami heights from the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan Earthquake (M 9.0), on March 11. Measurements were taken at 296 points on the Sanriku coasts of Aomori, Iwate, and Miyagi Prefectures, and the Pacific coasts of Ibaraki and Chiba Prefectures. The data are included in the results of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami Joint Survey Group. We did not cover the Sendai plain in the southern Miyagi Prefecture because other parties extensively measure there, nor Fukushima Prefecture because of the accident of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant. The twelve surveys first sought traces indicating tsunami runup or inundation heights. Reliability was classified into A (most reliable based on clear physical evidence and eyewitness accounts), B (mostly based on natural traces), and C (least reliable based on equivocal evidence). Most physical evidence obtained after June was not significant; therefore, reliance was mostly placed on eyewitness accounts. Locations and relative heights above sea level were measured using handheld GPS receivers, auto-level, or total station. The measured heights were corrected for differences in tide level between measurement time and tsunami arrival time. The results are shown on table and four regional maps; however, the details of each measurement, including locations shown on 1:25,000 maps and photographs of evidence are shown in the Appendix. Along the northern Sanriku coast (Aomori and Iwate), most of the 141 heights range between 10m and 30m. Runup heights exceeding 30m were measured at one location in Noda Village and nine locations in Miyako City. On the southern Sanriku coast in Miyagi, most of the 76 measurements range between 4 and 20 m. On the Ibaraki coast, 36 measurements range from 2.8 to 8.1 m, and the heights generally decease toward the south. On the Chiba coast, 43 measurements range from 0.7 to 7.9 m, with the maximum height near Iioka, Asahi City.

著者

大木 聖子 中谷内 一也 横山 広美 纐纈 一起 泊 次郎 桒原 央治

出版者

慶應義塾大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2011-04-28

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社会が災害科学に期待することは自然災害の防止や軽減であり,それには災害を予測する必要があるが,予測が困難な場合が多いため,災害科学の社会貢献は不定性が高くなる.それを念頭に置かずに「踏み越え」が行われると科学者が刑事責任まで問われることがあり,イタリアのラクイラ地震裁判はその最近の例である.我々は,資料収集や聞き取り調査,判決理由書の分析等を行い,そこでの災害科学の不定性と科学者の責任を検討した.その結果,裁判の対象となったラクイラ地震の人的被害は,災害科学の不定性を踏まえない市民保護庁副長官の安易な「安全宣言」が主な原因という結論を得た.また,これのみを報じた報道機関にも重大な責任がある.

著者

泊 次郎

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.235, pp.129-138, 2005 (Released:2021-08-11)

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After World War II, the Japanese geological community was involved in a passionate movement for democracy. In 1947 an association so called "Chidanken" was founded for the purpose of democratizing the geological community and collaborating on the geological research. Chidanken also generated a new research tradition that could be named "Historicism". The research tradition, which, became dominant in the Japanese geological community in 1950s, placed a special emphasis on discovering the law of the earth evolution. The historicism research tradition also produced geosynclinal mountain-building theory that had the idea that geosynclines possessed mountain-building forces within them. While there was another research tradition which remained since European geology had been introduced in the mid-nineteenth century. That could be named "Actuarism". There were many controversies over an origin of volcanic rocks and so on between the above two research traditions from 1950s to the beginning of 1970s. When plate tectonics was introduced into Japan in the end of 1960s, the adherence of the historicism research tradition did not accept plate tectonics, because plate tectonics was built on "Actuarism". Moreover geosynclinal mountain-building theory conflicted with plate tectonics that accounted for mountain-building as a consequence of plate motion. Consequently, it was not until the middle of 1980s that plate tectonics was generally accepted in the Japanese geological community.

著者

都司 嘉宣 佐竹 健治 石辺 岳男 楠本 聡 原田 智也 西山 昭仁 金 幸隆 上野 俊洋 室谷 智子 大木 聖子 杉本 めぐみ 泊 次郎 Heidarzadeh Mohammad 綿田 辰吾 今井 健太郎 Choi Byung Ho Yoon Sung Bum Bae Jae Seok Kim Kyeong Ok Kim Hyun Woo

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.3-4, pp.29-279, 2012-03-16

---

We report the results of field surveys conducted by the Earthquake Research Institute, to measure tsunami heights from the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan Earthquake (M 9.0), on March 11. Measurements were taken at 296 points on the Sanriku coasts of Aomori, Iwate, and Miyagi Prefectures, and the Pacific coasts of Ibaraki and Chiba Prefectures. The data are included in the results of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami Joint Survey Group. We did not cover the Sendai plain in the southern Miyagi Prefecture because other parties extensively measure there, nor Fukushima Prefecture because of the accident of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant. The twelve surveys first sought traces indicating tsunami runup or inundation heights. Reliability was classified into A (most reliable based on clear physical evidence and eyewitness accounts), B (mostly based on natural traces), and C (least reliable based on equivocal evidence). Most physical evidence obtained after June was not significant; therefore, reliance was mostly placed on eyewitness accounts. Locations and relative heights above sea level were measured using handheld GPS receivers, auto-level, or total station. The measured heights were corrected for differences in tide level between measurement time and tsunami arrival time. The results are shown on table and four regional maps; however, the details of each measurement, including locations shown on 1:25,000 maps and photographs of evidence are shown in the Appendix. Along the northern Sanriku coast (Aomori and Iwate), most of the 141 heights range between 10m and 30m. Runup heights exceeding 30m were measured at one location in Noda Village and nine locations in Miyako City. On the southern Sanriku coast in Miyagi, most of the 76 measurements range between 4 and 20 m. On the Ibaraki coast, 36 measurements range from 2.8 to 8.1 m, and the heights generally decease toward the south. On the Chiba coast, 43 measurements range from 0.7 to 7.9 m, with the maximum height near Iioka, Asahi City.

著者

泊 次郎

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.235, pp.129-138, 2005-09-27

被引用文献数

1

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After World War II, the Japanese geological community was involved in a passionate movement for democracy. In 1947 an association so called "Chidanken" was founded for the purpose of democratizing the geological community and collaborating on the geological research. Chidanken also generated a new research tradition that could be named "Historicism". The research tradition, which, became dominant in the Japanese geological community in 1950s, placed a special emphasis on discovering the law of the earth evolution. The historicism research tradition also produced geosynclinal mountain-building theory that had the idea that geosynclines possessed mountain-building forces within them. While there was another research tradition which remained since European geology had been introduced in the mid-nineteenth century. That could be named "Actuarism". There were many controversies over an origin of volcanic rocks and so on between the above two research traditions from 1950s to the beginning of 1970s. When plate tectonics was introduced into Japan in the end of 1960s, the adherence of the historicism research tradition did not accept plate tectonics, because plate tectonics was built on "Actuarism". Moreover geosynclinal mountain-building theory conflicted with plate tectonics that accounted for mountain-building as a consequence of plate motion. Consequently, it was not until the middle of 1980s that plate tectonics was generally accepted in the Japanese geological community.

著者

泊 次郎

出版者

東京大学出版会

雑誌

UP (ISSN:09133291)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.57-63, 2011-02