著者

小林 大祐

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.281-283, 2016 (Released:2021-04-01)

著者

田中 人

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.284-285, 2016 (Released:2021-04-01)

著者

山脇 直司

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.5-13, 2017 (Released:2021-04-01)

著者

権 安理

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.14-23, 2017 (Released:2021-04-01)

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In the event that privatization and individualization become serious, what kind of “publicness” could be asked for and reconstructed? In light of such considerations, this paper presents the following two theoretical issues. The first is to reconsider Hannah Arendt's ideas about public space and clarify the theoretical importance of her concept of “ the common world.” Previous studies discussing Arendt's notion of the common world have tended to emphasize its republican aspect. For example, Michael J. Sandel quoted Arendt’s mention of the common world in the context of defending “a politics of the common good” that asks members for obligations and loyalty to the community―but is it possible to interpret Arendt’s concept from a perspective other than the republican view? This paper re-examines the concept of the common world. The second issue is to clarify that the common world is significant in considering publicness in the twenty-first century society. The prevalence of civil society theory in political philosophy since the 1990s produced a large volume of discourse on publicness, most of it addressing the question “what is it and what should it be?” However, in recent years, such discourse has become rare, and publicness has been drawing attention from a different point of view: the creation of public or common spaces through the reuse of buildings. For example, when utilizing public facilities that are no longer needed for their original purpose, such as defunct schools, or creating shared housing by refurbishing vacant houses, there is a tendency to make and revitalize spaces to be shared by various people. This paper focuses on this point and presents a rationale for the trend based on Arendt’s concept of the common world.

著者

山田 秀

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.47-55, 2016 (Released:2021-04-01)

著者

山本 圭三

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.60-71, 2016 (Released:2021-04-01)

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This study aims to examine the factors which influence the attitudes to Labor Unions Activity in Japanese workers. Preceding studies about participation to Labor Union can be classified roughly into two: one argues structural factors, and the other discusses factors which affect to workers' attitudes. In the latter, many studies have mainly put importance on dissatisfaction (e.g. about labor environment or treatment). In contrast, this study considers the situation of one's recognition about work and of their daily work. Specifically, it confirms that variables about Cooperativity or about Understanding of Organization’s Objective have effect on attitudes to Labor Unions activity. In those analyses, the possibility of the participation which is not based on instrumental purpose is examined. The salient findings from quantitative analyses can be seen as the following : (1) Understanding about Social Meaning of Labor Union is affected by Recognition of Objectives of Company, and Sense of Pleasure about Group Activity is affected by Sense of Cooperation with others. (2) Not only Understanding about Social Meaning of Labor Union but also Sense of Pleasure about Group Activity have positive effects on attitudes to Labor Union. Especially, the latter relation is stronger than the former relation. (3) About above-referenced relations --i.e. (1) and (2) --, there are hardly differences which are due to gender or generations. Based on these result, I insist that it is also necessary for Cooperativity--which has seldom been considered very much until now -- to be discussed in the study of Labor Union.

著者

岩澤 誠一郎

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.72-90, 2016 (Released:2021-04-01)

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幸福の経済学に影響を与えてきた心理学は、近年、「幸福」の代わりに、「エンゲイジメント」や「意味・意義」を要素とする構成概念である「良き人生(well-being)」をそのテーマとするべきであるとの議論を行っている(Seligman 2011)。一日の多くを仕事に費やす人にとってみると、仕事の際にポジティブで充実した心理状態でいることは「良き人生」を送るための重要な条件である。Schaufeliらにより開発された活力、熱意、没頭を要素とする「ワーク・エンゲイジメント」は、この点を測るための構成概念であり、「ワーク・エンゲイジメント」が高いことは、1)心身の健康、2)仕事や組織に対する態度、3)仕事のパフォーマンスの面でポジティブな成果をもたらすとの実証結果が得られている。 Schaufeliらの研究によれば、日本企業における従業員の「ワーク・エンゲイジメント」は、国際比較において相対的に劣後している。この結果の一部は、日本人がポジティブな含意を持つ質問に対し「No」と答える文化的なバイアスを持つことに起因している可能性がある。だが現在までの研究では、このバイアスが日本における「ワーク・エンゲイジメント」が相対的に低いことの全てを説明していると言い切ることもできない。 我々は日本企業における「ワーク・エンゲイジメント」が低水準であることの一因が、管理職の、管理職としてのマネジメント・スキルが十分でない点にあるとの仮説を検討する。日本企業における長期雇用は、管理職の選抜の基準を、管理職としての能力や適性に基づくものにすることをしにくくする(八代2011)。実際我々は、日本のビジネススクールの社会人受講生を対象とした実証を通じ、「ワーク・エンゲイジメント」に強い影響を及ぼす、部下の仕事のモチベーションに関する理解力や、業績に関するフィードバックなどの面において、日本企業の管理職のスキルの水準が低く評価されていることを示す。更に、タイにおける米国系企業と日本系企業との比較実証研究(Colignon et al. 2007)は、従業員の内発的動機を通じ「ワーク・エンゲイジメント」に影響を及ぼすとみられる、上司の部下とのコミュニケーション能力や相互の信頼感、部下が自律的に仕事を行うための側面支援などの面で日系企業が劣後することを示している。こうした実証結果は、先の仮説を支持するものである。

著者

稲葉 陽二

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.95-108, 2016 (Released:2021-04-01)

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Economic inequality brings about corruption through deterioration of social capital. In a society with large income gap, people are fragmented into small groups. Although they enjoy high level of trust among their group members, they neglect others who are not the members of their group. Thus people lose generalized trust which is trust toward the general public and commit wrongdoings such as cheating on taxes, accepting bribes, avoiding a fare on public transport and claiming government benefits to which they are not entitled. Inequality deteriorates generalized trust. That in turn encourages people to commit wrong doings. Eric Uslaner named this process an inequality trap because it is often accompanied with corruption on the part of the government. This paper deals with the validity of Uslaner’s inequality trap hypotheses based on the mail survey data the author carried out in Japan. Although I cannot say that inequality trap exists in Japan, I found many evidences that connect the elements of social capital with tolerance toward corruption.

著者

山岡 淳

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.109-122, 2016 (Released:2021-04-01)

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This paper discuss how to deal with the issues of Emergency medical system (EMS) in Japan under the financial difficulties. There are three issues; a regional difference of EMS provider, an increase of urgency patient and an extension of transportation time by ambulance. These issues could be resolved by increase of providers by public fiscal action. However, national and local government face financial difficulties. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) and Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) aim to improve efficiency of EMS and to reduce a public spending. For example, public hospital demand to be privatization, closure or restructuring, even though public hospitals have an important role in EMS. But, this action may make worse the issues. In addition, Ministry of Finance (MOF) suggest that ambulance service should take charge, in order to reduce a spending and a number of ambulance users. Now, financial resource of ambulance service is a general accounting of local government, and an ambulance user need not to pay for an ambulance service. There are arguments both for and against the suggestion. This paper introduce a financial system of ambulance service in France, UK and Germany, and insist a rightness for taking a payment for ambulance service.

著者

廣瀬 毅士

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.123-132, 2016 (Released:2021-04-01)

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China has been shifting themselves to be more “Consumer Society” in recent years and the trend is more remarkable in metropolitan areas. Social changes along with the rapid economic development in China bring about negative effect of wider economic disparity. This paper sorted out the ascribed factors and social class factors that would be explanatory variable to socio-economic status attainment in Shanghai as the most advanced city in China, obtained data by survey research to individuals in downtown Shanghai, and performed statistical analysis. Results shows there were significant income differences depending on the following categories: 1. Educational background. People with college/graduate school degree have significantly higher income than people without it. 2. Occupational status. White colors and technical specialists have significantly higher income than sales/service person. 3. Employee destination type: People work at foreign owned companies or companies owned by Hon Kong, Macau or Taiwan has significantly higher income than people work at state-owned enterprise, collective-owned enterprise, or self-owned business. On the other hand, we did not find significant differences between people with Shanghai hukou (household registration) or not. We had the similar results from people with either urban hukou or rural hukou.

著者

寺島 拓幸

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.133-143, 2016 (Released:2021-04-01)

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Many of the previous studies in economic sociology have regarded credit cards as tools which cultivate consumerism and facilitate excessive spending or indebtedness. In light of those previous studies, two issues were examined: (1) the link between consumerist attitudes and credit card possession or usage; (2) the effect of credit card possession on consumer spending. Using the data from the survey on financial behaviors conducted in Japan, we verified the hypothesis that credit cards encourage hyperconsumption. A total of 1,823 subjects responded to the survey. Logistic regression and quantile regression analyses were used for the verification. Our results showed that credit card possession and single payment were positively correlated with the “rational” consumer attitude which is cost-conscious, calculating and frugal. Meanwhile, credit card possession pushed up monthly household spending slightly. Therefore, these results suggested the possibility that while consumers are possessing and using credit cards with the intention to save money, credit cards make them spend a little more.

著者

吉田 昌幸 小林 重人

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.144-160, 2016 (Released:2021-04-01)

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This paper presents the results of a gaming simulation study into how people change their consciousness and behavior as a result of using different forms of community currencies. In recent years, some studies have examined the effect of community currency use in promoting the local economy and community. These studies suggest that, in order to promote the use of community currency, it is important to form a positive feedback system between consciousness and behavior. However, these existing studies have not considered the difference of the effects brought about by different forms of community currency. In this study, we consider changes in consciousness and behavior that relate to two forms of community currency: paper currency and LETS (Local Exchange and Trading System) currency. We initiated a Community Currency Game, in which we analyzed subject behavior and subjects completed questionnaires. The results are as follows: Paper currency has a larger amount of flow and participants are encouraged to circulate. However, this type of community currency does not form the value of monetary diversity and community oriented value so much. LETS currency forces participants to create opportunities in order to use community currency and create value based on their regional contribution and monetary diversity. However, this type of community currency tends to lead to a closed circle.

著者

岩熊 典乃

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.171-184, 2016 (Released:2021-04-01)

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The subject of “nature” played a significant role in the critical theory of early Frankfurt School. “Nature” was a conceptual tool for them for revealing barbarism and violence of the Enlightenment, which were regarded as the Program of human liberation. Although such an insight into “nature” has disappeared from the framework of the critical theory since its “communicative turn,” the early Frankfurt vision is recently being reexamined from another context, namely that how we should understand contemporary ecological crisis. This paper surveys this new trend and analyzes points of discussions and results. Outlining the early Frankfurt vision on “nature,” I argue that M. Horkheimer, W. Benjamin, Th. W. Adorno and H. Marcuse shared the critical viewpoint that is, the correlation between the social domination (domination of man) and the domination of nature. This, in a sense, ambiguous viewpoint about the domination is the subject at issue for recent studies which compare the early Frankfurt vision with the ecological thoughts, and also for Interpreters about the alienation on the early Frankfurt school. The theory of “societal relationships with nature” (gesellschaftliche Naturverhältnisse) which is on going in Germany reworks on the early Frankfurt vision and focuses on how “nature” is constructed in society, but, at the same time, how society is materially mediated through its biophysical conditions. According to it, the so-called ecological crisis should be reduced neither to the crisis of “nature in itself,” nor to the crisis of our social-economic structures, but understood as the crisis in societal relationships with nature.

著者

梅田 徹

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.185-197, 2016 (Released:2021-04-01)

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Adam Smith appreciates Prudence in the Theory of Moral Sentiments (TMS), especially in a section added to the 6th edition published after the publication of the Wealth of Nations (WN) in which he remains silent about public-good-serving behaviors with its focus only on the pursuit of individual self-interest. Amartya Sen focused on the distancing of economics from ethics. He points out that human beings are not only motivated by their self-interest concerns, but also motivated out of concern for public good. Sharing his perspective, I further argue that “superior prudence” as well as “self-command” should be appreciated to make convincing arguments for the public- or other-regarding behaviors of economic actors in the market. I question Sen's attempt to integrally consider Smith's works to produce a broad view of human beings as the WN provides little evidence supporting concern other than self-interest. Smith was free from economism in the TMS, while he was writing the WN under the yoke of pristine economism. This can explain the differing tones of his two works. The distancing of economics from ethics had already started within Smith himself.

著者

森田 雅憲

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.4-10, 2016 (Released:2021-04-01)

著者

稲葉 陽二

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.29-43, 2016 (Released:2021-04-01)

著者

平岡 公一

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, pp.24-35, 2019

著者

岩熊 典乃

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.180-191, 2015

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Decades before the so-called "ecological issues" came up to the fore, Th.W. Adorno and his colleagues paid serious attention to the destructive relation of human beings to the nature. In spite of their deep interest in the thought of K. Marx, they did not reduce its cause to the matter of mode of production. They also rejected the idea of "return to nature" in spite of the influence of romanticism on their thought. That is, they pursued the way of emancipation from the dominative as well as subordinate relation of human beings to the nature. This paper focuses on Adorno's idea of "Naturgeschichte" (natural history) which is one of bases of this highly requested and currently meaningful enquiry.<br>I firstly argue that Adorno's idea of "Naturgeschichte" has two aspects in his terminology. On the one hand, "Naturgeschichte" functions as a critical description of human history. In this description human history appears as a blindly compulsive, namely, naturally growing (naturwüchsig) process. Such an idea was formed through Adorno's own interpretation of Marx. On the other hand, "Naturgeschichte" refers to the reconciliation (Vers&ouml;hnung), that is, a possibility of fleeing from the dominative or subordinate relation of human beings to the nature. What is the correlation of these two aspects which are apparently incompatible? I consider this question by way of reexamining the ideas of G. Luk&aacute;cs and W. Benjamin that Adorno attempts to synthesize. He suggests the conception of deciphering the "second nature" which appears stiff and compulsive but is a historically produced world, as a "transitory (verg&auml;nglich) nature", hence, a variable moment. <br>I conclude that Adorno's aim lies at the emancipation from ideas which stiffen the process by positing either nature or history as the first principle. This is the emancipation not only from "the ideology of subordination to the nature" (an ideology shared by Hegel, social Darwinism and the so-called Dialectical Materialism), but also from "the ideology of domination over the nature" (Marx).

著者

岩熊 典乃

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.180-191, 2015 (Released:2016-03-25)

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Decades before the so-called "ecological issues" came up to the fore, Th.W. Adorno and his colleagues paid serious attention to the destructive relation of human beings to the nature. In spite of their deep interest in the thought of K. Marx, they did not reduce its cause to the matter of mode of production. They also rejected the idea of "return to nature" in spite of the influence of romanticism on their thought. That is, they pursued the way of emancipation from the dominative as well as subordinate relation of human beings to the nature. This paper focuses on Adorno's idea of "Naturgeschichte" (natural history) which is one of bases of this highly requested and currently meaningful enquiry. I firstly argue that Adorno's idea of "Naturgeschichte" has two aspects in his terminology. On the one hand, "Naturgeschichte" functions as a critical description of human history. In this description human history appears as a blindly compulsive, namely, naturally growing (naturwüchsig) process. Such an idea was formed through Adorno's own interpretation of Marx. On the other hand, "Naturgeschichte" refers to the reconciliation (Versöhnung), that is, a possibility of fleeing from the dominative or subordinate relation of human beings to the nature. What is the correlation of these two aspects which are apparently incompatible? I consider this question by way of reexamining the ideas of G. Lukács and W. Benjamin that Adorno attempts to synthesize. He suggests the conception of deciphering the "second nature" which appears stiff and compulsive but is a historically produced world, as a "transitory (vergänglich) nature", hence, a variable moment. I conclude that Adorno's aim lies at the emancipation from ideas which stiffen the process by positing either nature or history as the first principle. This is the emancipation not only from "the ideology of subordination to the nature" (an ideology shared by Hegel, social Darwinism and the so-called Dialectical Materialism), but also from "the ideology of domination over the nature" (Marx).

著者

小林 大州介

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.203-212, 2015 (Released:2016-03-25)

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From the late eighteenth through the nineteenth century, the concept of ‘evolutionism’ had prevailed among social scientists in many fields, such as sociology, philosophy, history, economics, anthropology, ethnology and archaeology, as a framework of their research. One of the origins of this idea was the belief in ‘progress’ that characterized eighteenth century’s enlightenment thought. The evolutionists assumed that society, economy and culture progressed through a sequence of deterministic developmental stages, and always toward a completion of civilization. However, in the late nineteenth century, many objections to this notion of evolutionism emerged within the above academic fields, mainly in history and ethnology. Historians and ethnologists pointed out that evolutionism failed to offer an appropriate explanation for the complex and non-deterministic character of the historical process. Moreover, innovation theories, which came into existence in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, largely rejected the idea of progress and evolutionism. In the present paper, the author argues that early innovation theorists, such as Gabriel Tarde and Joseph A. Schumpeter attempted to offer more general theories than the development stages theory, and to transcend the out-of-date ideas of the evolutionists.