7 0 0 0 OA 昭和57年7月長崎豪雨時の路線バスの運転手の行動・判断
The heavy rain which swept over Nagasaki district on July 23,1982,killed 299 persons and damaged so seriously to Nagasaki city and its vicinity. Roads of Nagasaki city were submerged by flash flood. Many cars were washed away by flood and let along anywhere, so about 20 car drivers were killed. On the other hand, the damage of buses were not so serious and it is considered that buses are a safe transportation system when it rains heavily. However, many buses which were running were cancelled everywhere. Buses were isolated from the out side as well as owner driver's cars. Therefore, bus drivers were very busy because they must collect informations about roads and disaster, make contact with the operation center and order passengers to get off for evaculation. It seems important problems for traffic disaster prevention are presented. In the present work, bus disaster is investigated by interviews and questionnaire for bus drivers. Damage for buses due to flood and driver behavior are clarified and prevention for traffic disaster by flood is shown.
3 0 0 0 OA 四国における歴史津波(1605慶長・1707宝永・1854安政)の津波高の再検討
The data on the 1605 Keicho Tsunami, 1707 Hoei Tsunami and 1854 Ansei Nankai Tsunami on Shikoku island were extracted from the newly discovered historical documents on these tsunamis. The inundation heights of these tsunamis measured in many villages were reexamined and reestimated by field investigation. Accurate data which were useful for checking the validity of the numerical simulation on the historical tsunamis were offered. As the result, the inundation heights of these tsunamis were greater in comparison with the 1946 tsunami heights at almost all of the surveyed points. This fact should be reconsidered in the future planning of the tsunami prevention.
2 0 0 0 自然災害科学
- 著者
- 自然災害科学会 [編集]
- 出版者
- 自然災害科学会
- 巻号頁・発行日
- 1982
2 0 0 0 平成5年台風11号による東京の水害の特徴
- 著者
- 佐藤 照子 岸井 徳雄
- 出版者
- 自然災害科学会
- 雑誌
- 自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.14, no.3, pp.201-212, 1995-12-31
- 参考文献数
- 20
- 被引用文献数
- 1
Tokyo, the Metropolis of Japan, frequently has suffered from flood disasters, according to urbanization, since late 1950's. The heavy rainfall due to the Typhoon 9311 on August, of which the daily precipitation was 234.5mm, caused damages in Tokyo. The flood disaster caused by the Typhoon were investigated. The number of houses inundated reached 5,191,but its magnitude reduced to one twentieth of that caused by the Typhoon 6604 in 1966. Two hundred million people were affected by the damage of public transportation systems, being attacked weak points of preparedness for flooding : extra rainwater incidentally coming from outside of disaster stricken area and rainwater flowing into construction fields under the ground, resulted in the suspention of train and subway service.
- 著者
- 大矢 雅彦
- 出版者
- 自然災害科学会
- 雑誌
- 自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.9, no.2, pp.1-17, 1990
- 被引用文献数
- 2
A Geomorphological Land Classification Map Indicating Areas Subject to Flooding is intended to enable us to estimate the nature and extent of floods, not only in the past, but also in the future. The reason why such survey maps indicate the features of floods is that the relief features of a plain and its sand and gravel deposits have been formed by repeated floods over the affected areas. Consequently, the micro-topography of the plain and state of sand and gravel accumulation can tell us the history of floods. With this proposal in mind I prepared "A Geomorphological Land Classification Map of the R. Brahmaputra-Jamuna and R. Ganges Plain" (Fig. 2) utilizing the LANDSAT images and the "Geomorphologic Map of the Brahmaputra-Jamuna River Basin (Fig. 3) by aerial photographs. Utilizing these maps I conducted research on the influence of the crustal movement and eustatic movement on the geomorphologic evolution of the plain. I have also researched the changes of the river course. I conducted the research on the features of the flooding caused by overflowing banks utilizing the LANDSAT images which was taken during the flood in 1987. Furthermore I prepared land use map related with inundation and water table utilizing the LANDSAT images of 1983. Comparing the above mentioned three maps I propose policies of the mitigation of flooding in the area.
1 0 0 0 OA 松澤 勲先生を偲んで
1 0 0 0 功績者賞の受賞コメント(平成16年度 文部科学大臣賞受賞)
1 0 0 0 OA 課題探索型地域防災ワークショップの試行
Community based workshop for disaster prevention has been held actively in recent Japan. However, there are not few uniformity workshops. We have applied a trial-and-error method about the workshop based on knowledge of natural disaster science. In this study, I would like to explain the method of workshop. First of all, a preliminary survey about primary cause of natural disaster is important. Various sources of disaster information are already released. For example, hazard map, landform classification map, estimation of damage, local plan for disaster prevention. A facilitator gives participant concrete explanation about the disaster of that area based on this preliminary survey. Next, participants read landform (altitude) of the area by detailed map. Moreover, participants discuss about problems of the area with engineer or public official. A result of discussion summarized in a problems list and a location map. There is an example to which residents started solution of the problems after a workshop. However, the effect of workshop has not been shown clearly yet. Effect verification of workshop is future subject.
1 0 0 0 OA わが国に於ける火山ガス人身災害の発生要因とその防止対策
Volcanic gas disasters around active volcanoes all over Japan have occurred 27 times and 45 people have been killed since 1950. Configuration of the ground near fumarolic areas and weather conditions are the principal factors in gas accidents. Making gas-hazard maps, setting of restricted zones and installation of automatic alarm system with continuous monitoring are effective measures to prevent volcanic gas disasters. Knowledge of toxicity of volcanic gases and first aid are also helpful in reducing volcanic gas disasters.
1 0 0 0 OA 住民意識・行動を考慮した津波避難シミュレーションモデル
The purpose of the present study is to develop and improve the simulation model of tsunami attack evacuation by including the experience, recognition, and knowledge of the people in each area affected by tsunamis. Firstly, we carried out two field surveys to clarify various factors that influence selection of evacuation routes for making a synthetic judgment model. We determined regional knowledge, altitude, road information, road signs, following process, and functions on the route to be major factors in the route selection. A comparison with results of a field survey in the case of a tsunami evacuation drill at the coastal village in Sendai city shows that with the improved model, we obtained more than 80% agreement on selection of evacuation routes and time to the safety area. Secondly, we designed a questionnaire to be distributed at the time of the drill, which provided us with information to determine route selection process, parameters and initial conditions of the evacuations. Furthermore, the improved model, including means of evacuation, such as by foot or in vehicles, is developed and applied to this area. In the case assuming that all residents evacuate at the almost same time in the night, it is suggested that most traffic congestion occurs on the major roads, which long time it takes people to complete the evacuation.
1 0 0 0 IR 大規模災害時における遺体の処置・埋火葬に関する研究
- 著者
- 舩木 伸江 河田 惠昭 矢守 克也 川方 裕則 三柳 健一
- 出版者
- 自然災害科学会
- 雑誌
- 自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.24, no.4, pp.447-471, 2006
- 参考文献数
- 58
In Japan, there is concern that great earthquake disasters, in Tokai, Tonankai, Nankai and the Tokyo Metropolitan area, could occur within the next few decades. Once one of these disasters happens, a larger number of deaths than in the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster, which killed more than 6,000 people, could possibly occur. Therefore, it is necessary to find an early solution to the problem of mortuary care and cremation of deceased people after large-scale disasters. However, there has not yet been enough discussion about how to deal with, bury, and cremate dead bodies. This study first sorts out several problems related to mortuary care and cremation by examining 34 documents of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster. Next, it identifies remaining problems after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster. Third, it analyzes new issues related to the mortuary care and cremation when largescale disasters occur. Finally, several important findings are provided for improving present problems in the Japanese system of mortuary care and cremation.
1 0 0 0 OA 大規模災害時における遺体の処置・埋火葬に関する研究
In Japan, there is concern that great earthquake disasters, in Tokai, Tonankai, Nankai and the Tokyo Metropolitan area, could occur within the next few decades. Once one of these disasters happens, a larger number of deaths than in the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster, which killed more than 6,000 people, could possibly occur. Therefore, it is necessary to find an early solution to the problem of mortuary care and cremation of deceased people after large-scale disasters. However, there has not yet been enough discussion about how to deal with, bury, and cremate dead bodies. This study first sorts out several problems related to mortuary care and cremation by examining 34 documents of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster. Next, it identifies remaining problems after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster. Third, it analyzes new issues related to the mortuary care and cremation when largescale disasters occur. Finally, several important findings are provided for improving present problems in the Japanese system of mortuary care and cremation.
1 0 0 0 OA 火山山麓における災害ポテンシャルの評価 : 八ヶ岳南麓切掛沢扇状地を事例として
Alluvial fans and cones on the foot of volcanoes have high hazard potential because of frequent inundation of debris flows and floods accompanying marked topographic changes. However, the social needs for the development of such lands are ever increasing, because of their high demand for recreational sites. Assessment of hazard potential and regulation of land use are thus urgent problems. This paper proposes fundamental principles for the assessment of hazard potential on the basis of a case study carried out at the Kikkakezawa Fan on the southern foot of Mt. Yatsugatake, central Japan . History of land use is summarized in Fig. 3. Existing villages are located below a major spring zone in the alluvial fan, which is fed by the groundwater in the volcanic body. Construction of a new road (PR) stimulated land developments along it and further upstream part of the fan. According to Kosaka (1992) the debris-flow deposits cover the fan in three geologically distinct ages (Fig.5). The ages of the deposition of the debris flows in the new and middle ages are estimated according to a close examination of aerial photographs (Fig.6) and a reconnaissance study of the microtopography (Fig.7). It then enables an estimation of the frequency of the debris flow inundation in the future. The site-by-site assessment of hazard potential and risk of disasters is usually difficult because the past occurrences of inundation are not always recorded and a reliable estimation of its future possibility is hardly available. It is, therefore, essential to regulate land use for individual areas on the basis of the assessment of the hazard potential from the regional viewpoint using the data about the geomorphic processes of a large time scale. In Fig.3,for example, it is obvious that the areas above the prefectural road (PR) constitute a zone of high hazard potential and high risk, among which the area of the planned extension of the golf courses (Gp) are extremely dangerous.
1 0 0 0 OA 1995年7月梅雨前線豪雨による肱川の洪水災害について
1 0 0 0 IR 昭和58年7月豪雨による島根西部の水害とその考察
- 著者
- 角屋 睦 岡 太郎 増本 隆夫 田中 礼次郎 今尾 昭夫 福島 晟
- 出版者
- 自然災害科学会
- 雑誌
- 自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.4, no.1, pp.8-20, 1985
The west part of San'in District suffered severe disasters from slope failure and flood flows caused by record heavy rainfall, in July 23,1983. At the Hamada meteorological observatory, for instance, the maximum one-day and one-hour rainfalls were 331.5mm and 91.0mm, respectively. After delivering the outline of the meteorological conditions and damages, this paper discusses the runoff process and flood magnitude in representative mountain rivers such as the Rivers Hamada, Sufu, Misumi and Masuda applying the kinematic runoff model, and shows that flood peaks are almost near to maximum experienced values.