著者

鄭 相鉉

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.39-56, 2006-12-26 (Released:2018-01-10)

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In Korean Civil Law, "Family" ("GA" in Korea) is formed with the Householder and its family members. The "Householder" ("Hoju" in Korea) is a head of a family, as the central figure of it. The "Householder System" in Korea is a unique legal system that grants many rights and dignities over family members to householder and compiles a register with the householder as the central figure the status of family members for a public announcement. These Householder System has been recognized since the enforcement of the Korean Civil Code in January 1st 1960. However, it has been criticized by many scholars, for the unconstitutionality of itself. Namely, most of people indicate, inter alia, that it had been made on the basis of Korean traditional customs with male or father as the central figure in family; but a great number of people note that it is against the constitutional ideology, the dignity and value of human, the right to pursue the happiness, equalities of both sexes, etc. Even at the time of the legislation of the Korean Civil Law, there were many arguments whether it prescribed the Householder System or not. In addition, whenever the revision of Korean Civil Law was discussed, a question on the maintenance or abolition of that system was always raised. In spite of those criticism and several attempts of revision, the regulations affecting the Householder System have not been changed for thirty years. However, the Householder System of the Korean Civil Law, especially Family Law was largely changed by the 7th revision in January 13th 1990. That is to say, many rights of householder were mostly eliminated except formal and symbolic things. But even after then, there were still arguments on the abolition of that system. Furthermore, in February 3rd 2005, the Constitutional Court of Korea upheld that the Householder System is against the Korean Constitutional Law. In the mean time, the revised bills of the Korean Civil Law were proposed by the National Assembly and the Ministry of Justice, the final modified bill was conformed in March 2nd 2005 and will be enforced from January 1st 2008. Through the incessant arguments and the decision of the Constitutional Court concerned with the Householder System, and its complete abolition, the Korean Civil Law has experienced very important change. In view of these facts, the Family of Korea can be rearranged equally without distinction between male and female, father and mother, husband and wife, senior and elder, etc. And these results are the fruits that the Koreans endeavored with blooded-and-tears to comply with the democratic ideology of the Korean Constitutional Law. However, it is necessary to consider the conventional interpretations on the family law. Because the Householder System, mixed with the thoughts that male or husband is the central figure of family, is firmly rooted in Korean society, and the Korean family law itself is grounded on traditional and customary, ethic and conservative characters of Korean society. Furthermore, law feelings or consciousness is considered with regards that the family law system reflects social norms corresponded with contemporary people. Thus, we must pay attention to the fact that many Korean people still put a high value on the Householder System as a frame to bind affirmatively family relations.

著者

朴 光〓

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.73-86, 2006-12-26 (Released:2018-01-10)

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The dazzling development of life science technology shines the light of hope, but it casts dark shadow to us at the same time. Although, with respect to the life span and incurable diseases, human embryonic cloning works in the positive manner, it also effects in negative way as to the infringement of human dignity, misuses for commercial purpose, and the incompleteness of technology. In this situation, as implementing the Statute of Bioethics and Safety enforced in January 1st 2005, Korea established legislative and institutional mechanism which regulates ethical and legal problems caused by the development of life science technology. This paper, therefore, briefly investigated discussions about main contents and legal issues of Bioethics law concerning with human embryonic in Korea. To do this, as premises for discussions, it also briefly examined the concept of human embryonic cloning and the legal status of human embryo and finally, it suggested alternative plans in the policy level. A basic attitude of the law is to completely prohibit somatic cell nuclear cloning for producing human individual cloning, and restrictively allows researches about remaining embryo expired from certain period for conservation after sterilization and materials generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer. This approach is quite desirable, but it still has something to supplement in regards to legal policies. The Bioethics law, as it is, reveals a loophole, inter alie, in the administrative system. Due to the self regulation system, the Committee of Bioethics plays only examination roles and it is not sufficient to protect human embryo. Thus, clarifying the human embryo as life more in detail and supplementing rules to protect human embryo, we should make efforts to minimize interventions from criminal law.

著者

渡邊 亙

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.23-46, 2004-12-20 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Anlasslich der Unterzeichnung der "Europaischen Verfassung" im Jahr 2004 beschaftigt der Verfasser sich mit der Frage der Moglichkeit bzw. der Bedingungen, die staatsgemeinschaftliche Integration aus dem Gesichtspunkt der Verfassungsgeschichte zu betrachten. Dabei wahlt er die deutsche Integration zwischen 1815 und 1871 zum Untersuchungsgegenstand. Nach der Erlauterung der staatsrechtlichen Entwicklung vom Deutschen Bund zum Deutschen Reich stellt er fest, dass trotz seiner Qualifizierung als Bundesstaat das Deutsche Reich starke Ahnlichkeiten mit der Europaischen Union in seinem Staatsstruktur aufweist, der aus staatenbundischen and bundesstaatlichen Elementen besteht. Aufgrund dieser Analyse vertritt er die folgende Auffassung : Dem in Deutschland herrschende Verstandnis der Europaischen Union als "Staatenverbund" liegt die staatsrechtliche Unterscheidung von Staatenbund und Bundesstaat zugrunde. Diese Unterscheidung ist aber erst vor dem oben hingewiesenen historischen Hintergrund in Deutschland von Bedeutung. Heute kann man daher ohne Problem auf die strukturelle Paralleitat zwischen dem Deutschen Reich und der Europaischen Union staatsrechtlich hinweisen. In diesem Sinne ist die europaische Integration mit der deutschen vergleichbar und ihre Betrachtung vom Gesichtspunkt der Verfassungsgeschichte aus durchaus moglich.

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.89-90, 2004-12-20 (Released:2018-01-10)

著者

野畑 健太郎

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.1-28, 2005-12-17 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Medical technology has been developed over the years to alleviate or avoid some of the causes of infertility, and these technologies continue to advance, collectively these technologies are known as assisted reproductive technologies (ART). In this April, The National Institute for Research Advancement (NIRA) in Japan, which is an independent policy research body established on the initiative of leading figures from Japan's industrial, academic and labor communities, and it was founded in 1974 under the National Institute for Research Advancement Act and is funded through an endowment made up of capital contributions and donations from both the public and private sectors, proposed the new tentative plan denominated "Bill of Bioethics" including legal protections and regulations of assisted reproductive technologies. At present there is no act to protect and regulate assisted reproductive technologies in Japan. The new tentative plan concerning legal protections and regulations about assisted reproductive technologies by NIRA is an epoch-making plan in the realm of bioethics. I'll consider in this paper, first of all, the content and meaning of legal protections and regulations about assisted reproductive technologies in the "Bill of Bioethics" in terms of the Constitution. In this connection, I'll consider some provisions in the Constitution of Japan related to legal protections and regulations of assisted reproductive technologies, next.

著者

齋藤 隆広

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.29-49, 2005-12-17 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Act on the Protection of Personal Information was enacted in December 2003. This study aims to analise the backgrounds of the Act and how to deal with the issue in relation to personal information based on the guidelines and precedents which are applied to medical institutions.

著者

小森 義峯

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.51-71, 2005-12-17 (Released:2018-01-10)

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The Tenno system is Japanese monarchy. The construction of this essay is as follows. (1) concept of the Tenno system, (2) concept of monarchy, (3) characteristic of modern constitutional monarchy, (4) the first characteristic of the Tenno system - the Imperial eternal line, (5) the second characteristic of the Tenno system - religious service, (6) the third characteristic of the Tenno system - Imperial rescript.

著者

長尾 英彦

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.1-16, 2003-12-20 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Wenn ein name oder ein potrat eines Prominantes wird im Verlag, TV-CM usw. gebraucht, ohne seine Zustimmung, er hat den Anspruch auf das schadenersatz oder das Gebrauchverbot. Es wird das Recht des Publicity genannt. Das Wesen des Rechts ist der wirtschaftlich Gewinn, trotzdem das Recht des Publicity mit dem Personlichkeitsrecht zusammenhangt, so Beides kann nicht streng unterscheiden werden. Im Japan, das Vorstellung des Publicity ist nicht noch ausgebreitet und so es besteht eine Tendenz, dass eine Verletzung zum Publicity wird zu schwer im Prozess anerkannt, aber denke ich das ist fraglich.

著者

土居 靖美

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.39-51, 2003-12-20 (Released:2018-01-10)

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The theory was appeared in the Note of the Harvard Law Review (Vol115, No.4) on the bombing of the World Trade Center of Sept 11, 2001. President Bush used the armed forces of US to prevent future acts of terrorism. Sept 11 attack seems somehow different from the other event. This logic offers two explanations for the change in policy based in economic analysis and based in shifts in favored rationales for criminal punishment.

著者

石田 信義

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.53-72, 2003-12-20 (Released:2018-01-10)

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This study aims to analyze the mobility of the foreign workers in Japan with the viewpoint of a socio-cultural context, and to have perspectives on the social changing process of a transnational society. For this purpose, in this paper I focus on descriptive analysis of the facts of changing process of Nikkei-Brazilians (Japanese descendants from Brazil) in Japan. Accompanying the increase and growing long-term resident of foreign workers as Nikkei-Brazilians, new social issues have risen in the Japanese communities : the problem of cultural conflicts between foreign workers and Japanese, the social deviation of foreigners from the communities and the increase of crimes because of their uncertain conditions. So, through this case study, considering the factors which condition the life of foreigners, I will discuss the basic problem and have implications for the necessity of realizing the social cohesion between Japanese and foreign workers in our community.

著者

岸本 正司

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.73-92, 2003-12-20 (Released:2018-01-10)

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This paper first discussed the necessity and propriety of establishing a new guideline for teaching the Japanese Constitution to Japanese high-school students, and then presented a teaching plan based on the guideline. The aim of the teaching plan was twofold : (1) To remind students of the great achievements of their ancestors through learning about two constitutions wrote in this country : Juhichijou Kenpou (the 17-article Constitution, 7C. AD) and the Imperial Constitution (19C. AD), thus leading students to take pride in their country's culture and tradition. (2) To let students think about the right direction in revising the Japanese Constitution based on the perspective developed in the above process.

著者

眞次 宏典

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.93-120, 2003-12-20 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Whenever we discuss about modern constitutions and political order, the notion of 'an absolute', namely divine or despotic power appears in our discourse. Such notions as natural law, natural rights, the basic norm, sovereignty and constituent power show the existence of 'an absolute' in our theories of the modern constitution and political order. If seems that 'an absolute' has been indispensable to the theories of the modern state and the constitution. But is it true? Examining the notion of 'an absolute' in our theories of the modern state and the constitution, this paper makes a critical analysis of the reason as to why 'an absolute' appeared in the modern age.

著者

奥村 文男

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.1-21, 2004-12-20 (Released:2018-01-10)

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The law which citizens join in the criminal trial was enacted in 2004 and this is scheduled to carry into effect within 5years after its promulgation. This law, however, contains not only administrative problems but also important matters regarding principles of the Constitution. I suppose this issue should be considered more carefully. In this paper, I will point out some interrogations on these matters for further discussions.

著者

小森 義峯

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.1-20, 2002-12-23 (Released:2018-01-10)

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In the constituent Imperial Diet of 1946, Premier Yoshida explained that all war and all war potential including a war and war potential for self-defense were renounced on the Art. 9 of the draft of the Japanese Constitution. Japanese successive Cabinet has been adopting this interpretation on the Art. 9. Therefore, the present Cabinet also insists on the unconstitutionality of Execution of the right of collective self-defense. On the other hand, according to the interpretation of Kyoto school, as the Art. 9 renounces only a war as means of settling international disputes, by a general idea of international law, we can execute the right of collective self-defense. In this thesis, from a standpoint of Kyoto school, I advice change of the govermental interpretation on the Art. 9 of the Japanese Constitution.

著者

抱 喜久雄

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.21-41, 2002-12-23 (Released:2018-01-10)

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There is much argument as to whether "the right to self-determination" is one of the human rights which is guaranteed by the Japanese Constitution. Today, the views of the majority recognize the right to pursue happiness as to be the guarantee of "nonenumerated" human rights and "the right to self-determination" as included in the right to pursue to happiness. But, reviewing the controversy over "the right to self-determination", I must point out ambiguousness of the definition and contents of the right. In this paper, I will reexamine the controversy over the right to self-determination and suggest some questions about it.

著者

嵐 義人

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.43-65, 2002-12-23 (Released:2018-01-10)

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You can observe an universal-called it "internationalism"-in the Japanese Constitution. It was also found in the Imperial Constitution. In "The 17-Arts Law", enacted by the Holy Prince "Umayado" in 6th century, you will find the Tang-ism, which should be called the internationalism in ancient Japan. The next ancient law, "The Ritsu-Ryo" received the ideology of the Tang-ism with unchanged. So I study the internationalism as Japanese culture in the Constitution of Japan.

著者

吉田 夏彦

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.93-113, 2002-12-23 (Released:2018-01-10)

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In der Bundesrepublik Deutschland sind die Mehrfachmandanten in den Aufsichtsraten von Konkurrenzunternehmen nicht selten. Es ist aber problematisch, z.B. ob das Aufsichtsratsmitglied einer Aktiengesellschaft an die Stelle des Aufsichtsratsmitgleids eines in Wettbewerb stehenden anderen Unternehmens treten kann. Dieses Thema ist in Jungster Zeit nicht nur in den Literaturen, sondern auch in der Politik stark diskutiert geworden. Unter diesen Umstanden hat SPD-Partei in 1995 einen Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Verbesserung von Transparenz und Beschrankung von Machtkonzentration in der deutschen Wirtschaft (sog. Transparenz-und Wettbewerbsgesetz) vorgelegt. In Jahre 1998 hat der Bundestag aber diesen Entwurf abgelehnt. In Zusammenhang GWB (Gesetz gegen Wettbewerbsbeschrankungen) scheint dieses Thema fur mich sehr interessant. In dieser Schrift sollte klargestellt werden, dass der Bundestag mit welchem Grunden den Entwurf abgelehnt hat. Anschliessend mochte ich die Moglichkeiten der Rechtsvergleichung mit japanischen Recht versuchen.

著者

池田 実

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.115-140, 2002-12-23 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Defender of the People (Defensor del Pueblo) under the Spanish Constitution of 1978 shows us one of the most recent models of the contemporary Ombudsman system. He/She plays not only the role of a traditional Commissioner of Parliament that supervises public administration, but also that of the protector of constitutional rights and freedoms. In addition, he/she serves as the prosecutor that denounces laws as unconstitutional before the Constitutional Court. This paper refers to the figure of the Defender in the context of the present system of protection of constitutional rights and freedoms, and analyzes what it means today.

著者

小森 義峯

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.1-21, 2000-12-20 (Released:2018-01-10)

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In Japan, after restoration of sovereignty, there was the first movement (1952-1960) of amendment to the Constitution for rearmament. Secondly, there was a resting stage (1960-1990) in high growth of economy. Thirdly, since 1990 there is a new movement of amendment to the Constitution for international contribution of man power. But I am sorry to say that they forget the traditional Emperor system as a fandamental problem of amendment to the Japanese Constitution in all period.

著者

野畑 健太郎

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.23-43, 2000-12-20 (Released:2018-01-10)

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According to what Gerhard Leibholz says, "die letzte Konsequenz des modernen Parteienstaates" (the last consequence of the modern Party State) in the Western developed countries is that if a person ceases to be a Member of a Political Party upon whose platform he has been elected to the Parliament, he should immediately cease to be a Member of the Parliament. After World War II, the constitutions of some developing countries, that is : the 1962 Constitution (Art. 38) of South Korea, the 1963 Constitution (Art. 30) of Singapoe, the 1967 Constitution (Art. 39) of Zaire, the 1969 Constitution (Art. 75) of Ghana, the 1990 Constitution (Art. 43) of Fiji, etc., have the provisions saying that any parson winning an election on a Party symbol, if he quits the Party, loses his seat. The Constitution for the State of Singapore, promulgated when Singapore joined Malaysia and achieved full independence from the United Kingdom in 1963, had a certain provision (Article 30 (2) (b)) referring to the tenure of office of Members of the House, which reads as follows : "The seat of a Member of the Legislative Assembly shall become vacant……if he ceases to be a Member of, or is expelled or resigns from, the political party for which he stood in the election;". The matters I will consider in this paper are as follows : (1) The meaning, role and task of the provision concerning the political party in the Constitution of Singapore. (2) The constitutional history in relation to the provision concerned in the Singapore's Constitutions in the Malaysian phase and the post-independence era.