著者

片山 卓也 島津 明 東条 敏 二木 厚吉 緒方 和博 有本 泰仁 落水 浩一郎 早坂 良

出版者

JAIST Press

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, 2007-09

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法令工学は,法令文書の作成や変更,法令実働化情報システムの構築を系統的に行うため,人工知能,言語処理,ソフトウェア工学の研究成果を使おうとする工学的アプローチであり,21 世紀COEプログラム「検証進化可能電子社会」の主要研究課題の一つである.安心な電子社会の実現には,電子社会の仕様書である法令を適切に作成し,それを施行する情報システムを正しく構築しなければならない.また,法令の改定に対しては,関係法令への変更伝播を整合的に行い,それを情報システムへの変更に矛盾なくつなげる必要がある.法令工学は,このような問題を工学的に解決することめざして,本COEで世界で初めて提案されたものである.現在,企業活動における法令尊守などが大きな社会問題として取り上げられているが,組織における規則の作成や尊守機構の設計なども法令工学の範疇に入ると考えられ,今後訪れる本格的な電子社会時代において,安心で公正な社会や組織の設計や実現に,法令工学はその基本技術を提供するものであると考えている.本書は,本COEにおける法令工学の研究活動を紹介するために書かれたものであるが,各章の著者は以下のようである.第1章 片山卓也 第2章 島津明 第3章 東条敏 第4章 二木厚吉,緒方和博,有本泰仁 第5章 落水浩一郎,早坂良

著者

加藤 明

出版者

JAIST Press

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1-39, 2009

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加藤, 明. 眼鏡産地の盛衰 -福井県・鯖江市とイタリア・ベッルーノ産地比較のケース-. JAIST Press. 2009.

著者

片山 卓也

出版者

JAIST Press

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1-146, 2021-12

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国民年金法のような行政サービスに関する法令は,その内容は明確であり,文章上の見かけの複雑さの割には論理的深度は深くない.したがって,形式的手法によってその内容を記述することにより,可読性が高く,機械的なテストや分析が可能な法令記述が得られる可能性が高い.また,このような法令は我々の社会の制度的基盤であり,その法令実働化IT システムが我々の社会生活を 支えていることを考えると,法令に対する形式的技術の確立は重要である. 本書は,このような立場から行政サービスに関する法令を意図した通りに正しく作る上で,法令の形式的記述と自動検証技術の可能性を,国民年金法の基本的条文の述語論理による記述と定理自動証明器(SMT ソルバー)Z3Py による検証事例に基づいて述べたものである.近年の定理証明技術の進歩や計算機システムの高性能化により,このような技術は十分に実用化可能であるというのが本書の結論である.法令の度重なる改正に対応するため法令実働化ITシステムの内部構造劣化が進み,保守の困難性が社会的な問題となっているが,本書で述べる技術はこの問題に対する有力な解決法になると思われる. 本書は2部から構成されている. 第I部はこのような新しい法令作成方法論の原理的可能性を示すために書かれた,日本ソフトウェア科学会誌「コンピュータソフトウェア」36巻3号(2019)に掲載された論文をそのままの形で転載したものである. 被保険者の資格,年金の支給期間及び支払期月,併給の調整に関する3 つの典型的条文を通して,論理式化の方法やその構造化の方法等を示すと同時に,検証に必要なテストデータとしての年金原簿の扱いなどについて述べている.また,条文の誤りの定理証明システムによる検証例について述べている. 第II部は,第I部で述べた内容を事例の面から補強するために,そこで紹介した方法を国民年金法のより多くの条文へ適用した結果を詳細かつ具体的に述べたものであり,このような手法を広く実践する際の助けとなることを目的としたものである. 各条文ごとに,(1)条文の文章,(2)論理式記述,(3)検証スクリプトと検証結果,(4)それらの内容に関するメモを付加した.論理式記述は,パターン表現を用いてなるべく簡潔になるように心懸けたが,このようなパターンの定義などを基本用語定義集として纏めた.検証においてはテストデータとしての年金原簿が必要であるが,各条文の検証に必要な複数の年金原簿も纏めて収録した.最後に,日付けを抽象データとして扱った検証事例,実際の暦による日付け記述,論理式記述に基づく年金システムシミュレーターの構成の概略などを収録した.

著者

加藤 明

出版者

JAIST Press

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1-48, 2012-02-15

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加藤 明, 現代に生きる北陸の紙郷 -加賀雁皮紙、加賀二俣和紙、越中和紙、越前和紙の産地と事業者のケース-, JAIST Press. 2012.

著者

加藤 明

出版者

JAIST Press

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1-48, 2012-02-15

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加藤 明, 現代に生きる北陸の紙郷 -加賀雁皮紙、加賀二俣和紙、越中和紙、越前和紙の産地と事業者のケース-, JAIST Press. 2012.

著者

東条 敏 萩原 信吾

出版者

JAIST Press

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, 2008-06

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In 2002, Toyama Prefecture in Japan had a change of policy allowing residents to submit various kinds of forms electrically, in accordance with the development of the Internet. At that time, many municipal officers were forced to rewrite regional ordinances by hand. Legal codes are intrinsically destined to be modified and revised in later years, to catch up with the requirements of our society. However, with each revision the coherence of the code is threatened, and in worse cases it may contain discordance and inconsistency in itself. In many research on legal reasoning, researchers often regard that the code is always consistent though they may sometimes need to add incomplete knowledge to get beneficial consequences. However, when a new legislation, jurists need to inspect rigidly whether it is coherent with existing one. In this revision procedure, jurists must assess how the affected area is large. If (s)he finds discordance with a new legislation, and (s)he modifies it, then (s)he needs to search for the affected area further from the newly revised law recursively. Thus, such a revision would be a tedious and painstaking work. Our motivation in this study is to identify the affected area automatically and to detect discordance in a practical code.

著者

Nguyen T.B. Ho T.B. Pham C. Kawasaki S.

出版者

JAIST Press

巻号頁・発行日

2007-11

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Matching documents is to find similar ones of a given document from an existing document database. It is an important problem in practice as well as in research. This paper presents a method for matching document applying to identify duplicate errors in network systems. The database we used is CISCO network errors database (CNED), a collection of documents that describe error cases occurred in network systems. Each document is a complex document composed of several parts in different types: plain text, source code, dump code, debug, etc. Our experiments are carried out for CNED but the method can be extended to many other kinds of complex documents.The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.htmlProceedings of KSS'2007 : The Eighth International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences : November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN]Organized by: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

著者

Boumsoung Kim Kato Yoriko Hiramatsu Akio

出版者

JAIST Press

巻号頁・発行日

2005-11

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In this case study, focusing on the implementation of the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) for weather forecasting in Japan, the authors investigate a process of value-adding to scientific information, which we hope could give a hint for knowledge management. Unlike the received wisdom of the “linear model” which assumes that “basic” science is eventually applied to technology or that the users of technology only passively receive what the designers and the providers have made, the Sun Protection Factor has been established as a quantitative index of ultraviolet radiation by the cosmetics industry, rather a potential user of meteorological information services. The provider of meteorological information, the Japan Weather Association (JWA), then could adopt and appropriate the framework of ultraviolet forecasting which has been presented by the cosmetics industry. The authors hope that this case study which investigates the initiative of an industry which is sensitive to the ordinary consumers, particularly to women, in the market could contribute to an understanding of how a user-friendly scientific information market could be formed and transformed.

著者

加藤 明

出版者

JAIST Press

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1-30, 2011-01-31

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加藤 明, 老舗和菓子店のルネッサンス -金沢市 株式会社 森八のケース-. JAIST Press. 2011.

著者

堀 H. 信三 中森 義輝

出版者

JAIST Press

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1-350, 2010-06-10

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updated:17-Aug-2010

著者

Debora Hammond

出版者

JAIST Press

巻号頁・発行日

2005-11

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Drawing on more than a decade of research on the social implications of systems thinking, as well as practical experience in integrative, community-based approaches to education, this paper is an inquiry into philosophical and ethical considerations growing out of recent developments in systems thinking. In his foundational work on general system theory, Ludwig von Bertalanffy distinguishes between three general developments in the systems field: systems technology, systems science, and systems philosophy. These three dimensions of systems thinking each nurture distinct and often widely divergent theoretical and practical orientations. In his abstract for this session, Gary Metcalf asks whether the systems approach really has anything to offer. Science is a form of social feedback; it has created an enormous body of knowledge about the world and shaped humanity’s understanding of the nature of our collective reality. Knowledge then informs action. Assumptions built into scientific frameworks condition certain kinds of actions, as Bertalanffy has noted. Systems thinking as science nurtures a way of thinking that engenders a different kind of practice; systems as philosophy cultivates an ethic of integration and collaboration that has the potential to transform the nature of social organization. Although humanity still has a lot to learn about living more harmoniously and sustainably, systems thinking has made significant contributions in this direction in many fields, both theoretical and practical. The challenge is to integrate what we have learned, to communicate these insights to a larger audience, and to nurture institutional practices that honor the ethical principles inherent in the systems view.

著者

Filippina Risopoulos

出版者

JAIST Press

巻号頁・発行日

2005-11

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Today’s world is characterized by increasing change at all different levels of the society. Talking about change in the modern, advanced society, a special focus can be put on organizations and therefore connected to individuals as well. Shorter product life cycles and an increasing development of information and communication technologies are the basis for many changes. They all form a challenge for an organization’s innovation management. Hence, companies not only need innovation with regard to products or information and communication technologies, but also innovation in thinking and acting - innovation as new social procedures requires a new management of knowledge - especially of the creation of knowledge. However, as regards change at different societal levels which are supportive of innovation and knowledge creation, an important focus is on the issue: how is everything connected? One answer could be: through communication and language. From a constructivist point of view knowledge has to be discussed as a cognitive process of the human being and implies the skills of one’s perception, memorizing, connecting and networking, remembering, active steering of action and active learning. The potential for all these skills can be understood as the basis of individual human knowledge. In this contribution the focus is on the role of communication and language within a knowledge creation process. Furthermore, the impact of language in knowledge creation processes will be illuminated from a systemic point of view. Dealing with complex problems and systems such as knowledge creation processes can be made easier by using fitting interventions. The knowledge creation process can be supported by different models such as e.g. the logical levels of change which help humans to create more awareness for innovations in thinking and acting.

著者

Miura Motoki Ito Sadanori Kunifuji Susumu

出版者

JAIST Press

巻号頁・発行日

2007-11

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We have developed a system with a flexible RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) antenna mat to assist caregivers in a group home. In Japan, a group home is a type of home-based care service for elderly persons who suffer from dementia. The caregivers working in the group home must always pay attention to such persons. Since the level of dependency of each elderly person is different, the caregivers must check whether the person requires support or not. However, the checking demands extra efforts on part of the caregivers in addition to the support tasks. To simplify this task, we introduce a system consisting of RFID antenna sheet sensors and RFID tags embedded in inner shoes or slippers of the elderly persons. The system can assist the caregivers to monitor the activities of the persons with dementia by specifying whether the person passed through the sheet on the corridor. It not only helps the caregivers to understand such persons by reviewing their activities but also keeps them informed about the person’s ongoing activities.

著者

El Bekkaye Mermri Katagiri Hideki Sakawa Masatoshi Kato Kosuke

出版者

JAIST Press

巻号頁・発行日

2005-11

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Let G be a complete undirected graph with n vertices, e edges and m spanning trees. In this paper we give an algorithm for finding explicitly all spanning trees of G. Our technique is based on the representation of spanning trees by Prufer numbers. To represent all Prufer numbers with n - 2 digits we define what we call base-n. The algorithm requires a time of O(nm) and space of O(n). For finding all spanning trees explicitly of undirected graphs, the best known algorithm requires a time of O(e + n + nm) and space of O(e + n).