著者

牧大 節子 相良 悦郎 中川 冨士雄

出版者

Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences

雑誌

病院薬学 (ISSN:03899098)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.3, pp.130-131, 1978

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The study was made on prescribed doses of 317 drug products for oral use which appeared frequently in 6, 594 inpatient prescriptions filled at the University of Tokyo Hospital in 28 days purposively selected from a period of 4 months from March to June 1976. The prescribed doses were compared with usual doses stated in the Pharmacopoeia of Japan and package inserts. The drug products prescribed within usual dose range composed 19.6% of the total products used, the drugs within and above usual dose range 24.3%, within and below 30.5%, within and above and below 20.2%, and out of usual dose range 5.4%. The percentage distribution agreed with a conjecture of pharmacists in practice.

著者

北條 泰輔 桒原 健 山本 弘史

出版者

Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences

雑誌

日本医療薬学会年会講演要旨集 (ISSN:24242470)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.451-456, 2017-11-03 (Released:2019-03-23)

著者

上田 浩貴 安部 敏生

出版者

Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences

雑誌

日本医療薬学会年会講演要旨集 (ISSN:24242470)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.404-407, 2018-11-23 (Released:2019-12-02)

著者

赤瀬 朋秀 植木 哲也

出版者

Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences

雑誌

日本医療薬学会年会講演要旨集 (ISSN:24242470)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.371-376, 2018-11-23 (Released:2019-12-02)

著者

Kuninori Iwayama Yusuke Takashima Ko-ichi Ohtaki Kikutaro Endoh Yoshiko Tampo Nobumasa Hayase

出版者

Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.10, pp.617-627, 2012-10-10 (Released:2013-10-10)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

1 1

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We examined the effects of 8 macrolide antimicrobial agents, including 14-, 15- and 16-membered ring lactone and ketoride derivatives, on hemolysis induced by lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in human erythrocytes. LPC induced hemolysis at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration (4 µM). Vitamin E (α-tocopherol), used as a reference drug, attenuated the 50% hemolysis induced by 6 µM LPC when present at concentrations between 1 µM and 100 mM. Clarithromycin significantly attenuated LPC-induced hemolysis at a wider range of concentrations (100 nM to 1 mM), but other macrolides attenuated hemolysis only at high concentrations (100 µM and/or 1 mM). Since vitamin E tends to stabilize membranes due to its high lipophilicity, it appears that the high lipophilicity of clarithromycin is responsible for its protective action against damage induced by LPC. However, rokitamycin was not effective, although it is more lipophilic than clarithromycin, indicating that factors other than high lipophilicity are responsible for the protective effects of macrolide antimicrobial agents against LPC-induced hemolysis. Neither vitamin E nor clarithromycin attenuated hypotonic hemolysis (60 mM NaCl) at concentrations that inhibit LPC-induced hemolysis. On the other hand, both vitamin E and clarithromycin affected LPC micelle formation, suggesting that these drugs directly bind to LPC. We therefore believe that the protective effects of clarithromycin on LPC-induced hemolysis may be related physicochemically to its high lipophilicity and 14-membered ring lactone structure, which help maintain erythrocyte membrane integrity by preventing LPC micelle formation. These drugs likely do not act by a mechanism that protects against osmotic imbalance.

著者

亀井 淳三

出版者

Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences

雑誌

日本医療薬学会年会講演要旨集 (ISSN:24242470)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.541-591, 2018-11-23 (Released:2019-12-02)

著者

徳山 尚吾 中本 賀寿夫

出版者

Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.9, pp.511-520, 2013-09-10 (Released:2014-09-10)

参考文献数

70

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Fatty acids are an important source of energy and an essential component of cell membranes. They also function as signal transduction molecules in a range of biological phenomena. There are several reports on the transport mechanisms of fatty acids including fatty acid transport proteins, and lipid chaperones fatty acid-binding proteins. Furthermore, fatty acids can signal through G-protein-coupled receptors or toll-like receptors.The recent westernization of dietary habits and food satiation is becoming a problem. Accordingly, the dietary intake ratio of n-3 fatty acids has dramatically decreased over several decades. Although the health influence in the change of these food habits has received little attention, in a recent study, the functional relationship between n-3 fatty acids and psychiatric disease or neurodegenerative disease has been the focus of many studies. Also, it has become apparent that the functional properties of fatty acids are modulated by factors such as the amount of individual fatty acid intake and their distribution among organs.In particular, it is reported that, in patients with depression, n-3 fatty acid contents in the brain decrease and the intake of the n-3 fatty acids can relieve psychiatric symptoms of depression. Therefore, it is thought that a fatty acid signal in the central nervous system relates to nerve activity and modulation of the synapse plasticity. However, the detailed mechanisms of these disorders have not been fully elucidated.In this mini review, we summarize a number of basic and clinical studies on n-3 fatty acids and psychiatric diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.

著者

Masanori Iwata Toyozo Takahashi Yuri Takahashi Akihiko Ito Yoshiharu Machida

出版者

Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.63-68, 2001-02-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

3 4

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The therapy of mass alimentary intoxication caused by Salmonella and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli is discussed. Endotoxin causes fervescence, disseminated intravascular coagulation or shock. When antibiotics are administered for the treatment of alimentary intoxication, toxicity of the endotoxin from the defluvium of bacillus mort body can cause serious symptoms.We noted the strong adsorption force of medicinal carbon and evaluated the endotoxin adsorption ability of medicinal carbon quantitatively using a chromogenic endotoxin specific assay quantitatively. Methods for evaluating damage due to the oral invasion of endotoxin have hardly been developed. The presence of alimentary intoxication due to a large quantity of endotoxin in intestine was assumed, and an in vivo test was performed to evaluate the endotoxin adsorption ability of medicinal carbon based on the influence of particle size. An in vitro test showed the adsorption coefficient to increase with the reaction times of medicinal carbon and endotoxin. The quantity of adsorption of endotoxin decreased as the particle size of medicinal carbon increased. As in vivo test showed that a change in the body temperature of mouse, which is an index of the physiological activity of endotoxin, was reduced by the oral administration of medicinal carbon. Consisting of small sized particles is thus considered to have a useful synergistic effect on the antibiotic treatment of food poisoning.

著者

山岡 桂子 山岡 尚世 高柳 ともえ 松井 正輝 沖永 真奈恵

出版者

Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences

雑誌

病院薬学 (ISSN:03899098)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.5, pp.428-433, 1995

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We compared a 7% lidocaine cream (Preparation C) prepared at our hospital using a commercially available 5% dental xylocaine ointment (Preparation K) for application as a lacal anesthesia for skin patients when employing a laser beam for stability and anesthetic performance. Both preparations did not show any water separation or color change at 5°C, 25°C, 40°C at RH 75% with a 95% or more residual rate. Furthermore, water evaporation in both preparations was not observed and was within the limit of measurement error. Significant change was not recognized in the expansibility of the preparation. The results of the viable cell count study according to Standard Plate-Counting Method and Specific Plate-Counting Method under the four conditions were negative (10 bacteria or less/g) with no observation of bacterial colonies. The anesthetic effect lasted 120 min for Preparation C with the 60-min application, while Preparation K only showed diminution of pain for 30 min.

著者

KIYOTAKA HIRATA YOSHIAKI MATSUMOTO JOJI TOMIOKA AKIRA KUROKAWA MITSUO MATSUMOTO MASAHIRO MURATA

出版者

Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences

雑誌

病院薬学 (ISSN:03899098)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.4, pp.340-348, 1998-08-10 (Released:2011-08-11)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2 6

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During 1996, 1188 patients with acute drug poisoning were admitted to 59 critical care departments in Japan. The patients were predominantly female (68.4%) and relatively young (69.2%, under the age of 40). Further analysis of the 1188 patients indicated that the majority (77.9%) were admitted as a result of deliberate self-poisoning, while 15.1 % of the cases were admitted due to accidental poisoning (unknown cause 7%). A total of 2517 drugs was taken by these patients. The most common group of drugs involved were benzodiazepines (32.1 %), followed by neuroleptics (12.2%), antidepressants (10.2%), analgesics (9.1%), antihistamines (7.3%) and barbiturates (6.2%).An important difference observed in the pattern of acute drug poisoning, when compared with that in other countries, was the preferential use of bromvalerylurea by young individuals for deliberate self-poisoning. This drug has not been used in any other country recently.There were twelve cases of fatal drug poisoning in the 59 critical care departments during 1996, including nine women. Four patients had taken barbiturates and six patients had taken a combination of benzodiazepines. In order to treat patients with acute drug poisoning, it is important to provide physicians with essential information on the incidence, mechanism of poisoning, and metabolism of the drug involved. In the case of rare drug poisoning, however, as it would take consideiable time for any one critical care department alone to amass enough admissions for generating a reliable information databese regarding management and prognosis, we therefore believe that a national approach is required to address the issue of management of patients with acute drug poisoning.