著者

IMAZATO Satoshi

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.2, pp.51-71, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-03-31)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

1

---

This article explores how the sense of territoriality and various background conditions of Japanese rural communities affect the emergence of folk boundaries, which are viewed here as the contours of residents’ cognitive territory represented by religion-based symbolic markers. Specifically, I look at how the particular social-geographical conditions of different communities create diverse conceptions of such boundaries, including the presence or absence of the boundaries, within the same region. Here, I focus on three Japanese villages encompassing seven local religious communities of Shinto-Buddhists, Catholics, and former Hidden Christians on Hirado Island in Kyushu. These villages are viewed respectively as examples of contrastive coexistence, degeneration, and expansion in territoriality. Among the seven religious communities, only those believing in Shinto-Buddhism, as well as Hidden Christianity, have maintained their folk boundaries. These communities satisfy the conditions of an agglomerated settlement form, a size generally larger than ten households, a location isolated from other communities within the village, and strong social integration. In contrast, Catholics have not constructed such boundaries based on their historical process of settlement. However, they have influenced the forms of Shinto-Buddhists’ territoriality, although not those of Hidden Christians. Additionally, their settlement form and relative location among the other religious communities have affected the shape of the Shinto-Buddhists’ cognitive territories. Changes in these intertwined background conditions can transform the states of territoriality, which should be viewed as correlated rather than independent and as dynamic rather than static.

著者

Takayuki Oishi

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.1, pp.11-14, 2020-11-30 (Released:2020-12-08)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1

---

The 14th Japan–Korea–China Joint Conference on Geography was held at Okayama University, from October 18–21, 2019. This paper reports the outline of the conference.

著者

Gen Shoji Kunimitsu Yoshida Satoshi Yokoyama Eric C. Thompson

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.1, pp.15-26, 2020-11-30 (Released:2020-12-08)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

3

---

A key problem faced by Japanese agriculture is the decline in the number of fulltime farmers due to the aging population, which combined with the absence of farm successors is leading to abandoned and under-used farmland. Under these conditions, we analyze the shifts in labor force allocation within households, between households, and between different communities, in order to secure the continuity of farming activities. Recent agricultural policies aim to increase the active participation in farming of women and of returning farmers, people who left their hometown to engage in non-agricultural work but return to or take up farming after retirement. The study examines strategies to maintain the continuous use of farmland despite the declining numbers of farmers by analyzing the Tachi settlement, whose residents commute for work to the nearby urban areas of Kanazawa and Komatsu cities in Ishikawa prefecture. The study analyzed the occupations of household members in this settlement and evaluated how the residents’ employment choices have influenced the continuous use of farmland in the area. Many studies in agricultural geography in Japan on systems of farmland use and community farming have focused on households centered on a male head-of-household. Our study is original in its focus on the occupations of all individuals in each household to assess the allocation of farming labor in rural households and other mechanisms to maintain their farmland, such as consigning work to other farmers, or renting out their farmland. Over the past decades, with the decline in the number of successors willing to inherit the farms, the number of farms taken over by the next generation has decreased in Tachi, and those responsible for the farmland have had to request help from outside their settlement. However, the study reports some recent positive trends (a family moving back to the settlement and taking up farming, including leasing previously abandoned land). Consequently, farmland use is being localized again within the settlement. Our case study, Tachi, can be considered a representative case study, as it encapsulates many of the recent trends in development of marginal rural communities Japan (rapid socio-demographic decline and its impact on the continuity of farmland use and management practices, especially in terms of labor allocation, but also regarding the mechanisms of renting out/lending farmland). The limited local scale allows for the detailed survey of the entire community as well as an in-depth analysis of data. Findings of this study might prove useful in the elaboration of rural/farming policies with the potential of wider implementation in similar areas in Japan but also (at the broader scale) in Asia.

著者

Masamu Aniya

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.1, pp.27-29, 2020-11-30 (Released:2020-12-08)

参考文献数

9

著者

FUJIBE Fumiaki MATSUMOTO Jun SUZUKI Hideto

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.1, pp.17-27, 2018-06-29 (Released:2018-06-30)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

4 12

---

Regional and seasonal features and the interannual variations of heat stroke mortality in Japan are examined using the Vital Statistics of Japan from 1999 to 2014. We found that heat stroke mortality has different spatial patterns and different dependence on temperature, according to age groups. For the age group under 60, mortality is positively correlated with seasonal mean temperature and is higher in the southern regions of Japan, while the mortality of the age group 80 and over is positively correlated with summer peak temperature, being high in some prefectures in northern to central Honshu, the main island of Japan. The latter group also shows larger interannual variations and a higher increasing trend than the former. As for seasonal variation, heat stroke mortality is high in July–August, with a peak period delay northward, which corresponds to a later temperature peak. Moreover, mortality tends to be higher in July than August by 40–50% even if the monthly mean temperature is equal. These findings are expected to provide a statistical basis to cope with heat load disasters in Japan.

著者

NAKAMURA Yusuke SHIGETA Yoshinori WATARAI Yasushi

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.2, pp.29-39, 2018-12-28 (Released:2018-12-28)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2 4

---

The seasonal variations of the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon in Kumagaya, Japan were examined using multiple fixed-point observations of surface air temperature during a 1-year period. Horizontal distributions of surface air temperature observations in Kumagaya showed that UHI occurs continuously. The hourly average temperature difference between urban and rural areas was constant at ∼1°C. The UHI intensity (UHII) was calculated by dividing all observation points into urban and rural areas. Seasonal variation of daytime UHII was observed in Kumagaya, with maximum and minimum values in summer and winter, respectively. The observation of specific humidity during sunny days in summer suggested that the difference in the surface heat balance between urban and rural areas greatly contributed to the temperature difference between the two areas. Nighttime UHII in Kumagaya was the highest during April–May. These observations of maximum UHII may be explained by strong northwesterly flow over the mountains during winter and frequent calm and sunny days due to migratory anticyclone during April–May.

著者

NGOC Nguyen Thi Hong YOKOYAMA Satoshi

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.2, pp.40-53, 2018-12-28 (Released:2018-12-28)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1

---

Maize is the most important cash crop in Vietnam’s northern mountainous region. It is credited with eradicating hunger and alleviating poverty. However, the continuous decreasing trend in the global maize price since 2013 has resulted in various socioeconomic problems. Yen Chau district follows a cultivation regime of annually changing maize varieties. This goes against the objectives of national test procedures for new seed. This study aimed to establish whether the annually changing seed cultivation regime is the consequence of the fierce competition between seed enterprises. We found that the maize trading structure is centered on a three-level trader network that plays a crucial role in connecting stakeholders. Strong social relationships along with weak credit/production commitments between farmers and traders have facilitated maize production throughout the region. Seed and supply enterprises target traders to promote their products and are the most important information channel for farmers. This study’s findings suggest that seed selection in Yen Chau has no scientific basis but is the result of market factors.

著者

IKEDA Mariko

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.1, pp.10-32, 2019-12-27 (Released:2019-12-27)

参考文献数

82

被引用文献数

1

---

This study aims to identify the complex process of gentrification in Reuter Quarter, Neukölln, in the former West Berlin inner-city district Neukölln. First, the gentrification indicator model was incorporated to examine the functional, social, structural, and symbolic upgrading. Then, the author identified the geographical characteristics of the ‘New Use’ (art-related use, new retail business, and new service business) and its relevance to the ages of buildings. Further, interviews with business proprietors of New Use revealed changes in the commercial environment and its main causes in the subject area. As a result, the study indicated that the subject area initially showed signs of revitalization before it gradually transformed into gentrification; the symbolic upgrading induced other types of upgrading; scene gastronomies, specifically cafes, bars, and restaurants encouraged the formation of the nightlife district; and finally, as culture and consumption contribute to the transformation of the commercial environment, they play an important role in gentrification.

著者

SHIN Jiyeon

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.1, pp.33-49, 2019-12-27 (Released:2019-12-27)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

2

---

This study explores the behavior of transnational migrants in a global city—in this case, Koreatowns in the New York metropolitan area. Global changes in post-war capitalism and US immigration policies attracted various Korean migrant groups to the New York metropolitan area. These can be classified as old-timers, who migrated before or during the 1980s in the hope of securing permanent residency, and newcomers—relatively young and highly educated professionals who have migrated since the 1990s. Old-timers typically relocate to the suburbs via ethnic enclaves, on which they are strongly reliant. In contrast, newcomers are dispersed across the metropolitan area, sometimes visiting Koreatown as a node of the ethnic human network or for Korean-style service. These distinctive behaviors mean that migrant characteristics change with the economic growth of emerging countries, in turn changing the urban space of global cities.

著者

MATSUMIYA Yuko

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.1, pp.26-37, 2017-07-31 (Released:2017-08-19)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

---

The suburban area of Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia, has an extensive “Ger area” where residents live in Ger or Bai-shin. Recently, Ger areas have reportedly expanded in accordance with the increasing population. Previous studies of Ger areas have tended to focus on the “unique sight” of Gers in the city and few have discussed the residents’ point of view. For this study, the two analyses focus on and clarify the changes in Ger areas over time, using aerial photographs, first to clarify Ger areas’ expansion, the regions that corresponded either to “Ger areas,” consisting of continuous Kha-shaas, or “Apartment areas,” consisting of apartments or modern buildings, which were marked by lines. The second is to clarify the internal changes in Kha-shaas, and identify individual Kha-shaa, Ger and Bai-shin within each Kha-shaa marked at three selected sites. In addition, Kha-shaa were counted and categorized according to whether they contained “Ger only”, “Ger and Bai-shin”, or “Bai-shin only.” Through these analyses the clarified Ger areas were understood to be redeveloped for apartments in the socialist era but after democratization the promised development did not take place. Old Kha-shaa consisted of “Bai-shin only” or “Ger and Bai-shin”, and new Kha-shaa consisted of “Ger only”. In other words, Ger have been gradually decreasing because of the building of Bai-shin, which are more comfortable and convenient for urban living. Although progressively more Bai-shin are being built over time, Ger do not disappear because they are being used for different purposes by residents. Those who relocate to Ulaanbaatar rely on family members who live in Ger areas for temporary accommodation in their Ger. “Gers in the city” not only means a unique sight but also living in a Ger is very rational in urban life.

著者

SASAKI Toru

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.1, pp.38-41, 2017-07-31 (Released:2017-08-19)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The 11th Japan-Korea-China Joint Conference on Geography & the 2nd Asian Conference on Geography was held at New Otani Inn Sapporo, from September 11–14, 2016. This paper reports the outline of the conference.

著者

ARAKI Hitoshi

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.1, pp.42-51, 2017-07-31 (Released:2017-08-19)

著者

KUBO Sumiko K. Ch. V. NAGA KUMAR Gajji DEMUDU B. HEMA MALINI K. NAGESWARA RAO Ritesh AGRAWAL Ratheesh RAMAKRISHNAN A. S. RAJAWAT

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.2, pp.66-75, 2018-01-06 (Released:2017-12-29)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

1 4

---

Comparative analysis of time series satellite images spread over the past four decades indicated significant changes in the mangrove environment of the Krishna-Godavari twin deltas along the east coast of India. We analyzed Landsat-MSS, TM and ETM images from 1977, 1990, and 2000, respectively, and Indian Remote Sensing Satellite images from 1992, 2001, and 2013, which indicated that the mangrove cover in the region increased from 35,058 ha in 1977 to 39,283 ha by 2013. In spite of loss of mangrove vegetation over 8,036 ha due to coastal erosion, deforestation, decline and aquaculture encroachments, several mangrove-restoration projects taken up during 1991–2008 led to an overall increase in its area. Various mangrove eco-reforestation techniques were adapted in the region.

著者

MARUMOTO Miki FUKUOKA Yoshitaka

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.2, pp.46-57, 2017-04-03 (Released:2017-04-03)

参考文献数

55

---

Many natural disasters have occurred in Japan since ancient times. It corresponds to the “Medieval climate anomaly (MCA)” or “Medieval warm period (MWP)” which existed from the 9th to the 12th centuries, as pointed out by the climatologists in Europe and U.S.A. In the history of Japan, however, this period is called “ancient period”. In this study, the authors collected 1,220 records of climatic disasters and constructed a chronology of climatic disasters in Japan from the 7th to the 12th centuries. Furthermore, their secular changes of kinds and regions were clarified. It can be said that number of climatic disasters increased remarkably during the second half of the 9th century, the early 11th century and the latter half of the 12th century. Concerning kinds of climatic disasters, the most common disaster was storm (26.1%) and the next was drought (19.8%). As for place names related to all climatic disasters, the most frequent place was Kyoto (48.3%) and the second was Nara (7.9%). From these investigations, it was clarified that drought was the major climatic disaster before the 9th century. On the other hand, disaster caused by too much rain prevailed from the 9th century. But the regions with records on climatic disasters clearly changed from Nara to Kyoto at the end of the 8th century. Therefore, the authors proposed that local climates in Nara and Kyoto influenced the change of climatic disasters.

著者

IMAZATO Satoshi

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.2, pp.58-59, 2017-04-03 (Released:2017-04-03)

参考文献数

7

著者

Richard HOWITT

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.2, pp.60-61, 2017-04-03 (Released:2017-04-03)

参考文献数

2

著者

ARAKI Hitoshi

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.1, pp.1, 2017-07-31 (Released:2017-08-19)

被引用文献数

1

著者

HOU Lulu LIU Yungang

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.1, pp.2-16, 2017-07-31 (Released:2017-08-19)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

10

---

The strength of the government is no match for the dramatic changes taking place each day in urban China. Government-led governance in cities faces new challenges in the process of modernization and urbanization. Each city is looking for new solutions to the bottleneck in the city’s sustainable development under conditions of limited resources and fierce regional competition. Life circle construction action has emerged gradually, expecting to alleviate problems through cooperation. However, the idea and practices of the life circle vary in different cities. Through reviews of the life circle theory and life circle system planning in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, we describe how the life circle works in different circumstances and identify that the conception of the life circle occurs in accordance with collaborative governance. The different levels of social capital show a different focus on the overall goal, construction process and the collaboration framework. This article discusses the reasons for these differences by comparing life circle construction activities in the three largest cities in China.

著者

NAKANISHI Ryotaro

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.2, pp.86-95, 2016-09-30 (Released:2016-09-30)

参考文献数

10

---

In this study, I elucidate the regional relationship between the mainland and the Japanese colonial city of Dalian. For this research, I focus on the backgrounds of contemporary influential figures: successful Japanese businessmen and other social elites, including the merchants, manufacturers, and senior officials of the South Manchuria Railway Company. For the time frame of the study, I used the Who’s Who of Japanese living in Manchuria; Manshu-shinshi-shinshoroku edited in 1926 and published in 1927. This book listed 427 persons living in Dalian along with their occupations and careers. These people can be classified into two groups based on their educational background: the highly educated and the less educated, many of whom hailed from hometowns in western Japan. Among highly educated people, their schools were catalysts as a central turning point and their location played a pivotal role in their lives; herein, their life was related with Dalian, and schools in Tokyo were especially significant. In contrast, the locus of the professional turning points for less-educated people was the place of employment: the store (or company) where they worked or the business that they had initiated; Osaka–Kobe area became the most significant area for them. Many of the less-educated people traveled to Dalian after working in Osaka–Kobe area. Approximately 30 percent of the total population under study had worked abroad, mainly in other Japanese colonies, before coming to Dalian.

著者

YAMANE Hiroshi

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.2, pp.96-110, 2016-09-30 (Released:2016-09-30)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 1

---

After the opening of Japan and the Meiji Restoration in the 1850s–1860s, the Japanese land space changed drastically with domestic restructuring and the expansion of overseas colonies. In the process, the stronger presence of Japan in Northeast Asia was accompanied by the reinforcement of the ports on the shores of the Japan Sea and the East China Sea. Some good natural ports on the mainland competed with rival ports in supplying services for the continent and in harbor improvements, and became positioned as pivotal nodes for international trade or passenger transit in the Northeast Asian network. This paper focuses on two successful ports, Tsuruga and Nagasaki, and explores two problems from the perspective of ‘realism-structuration.’ One is how locally influential individuals as special human agencies contributed to the regional formation of these ports through their time-space practices in the expansion process. The other is how they recognized and understood or experienced the sea areas surrounding the Japanese mainland and the continental area. Two key people, Owada in Tsuruga and Suzuki in Nagasaki, actively visited the continental area, and insisted on and practiced development of their localities in close relationship with the continental area. In this sense, they were special human agencies precisely embodying the structure that provided regional formation. Finally, the following inference is made: In a multilateral area as an actor-network, from the viewpoint of Actor-Network Theory, the sea areas became involved in the networking as non-human actors.