著者

Kosuke Izumitsu Kanako Hatoh Takuya Sumita Yuki Kitade Atsushi Morita Chihiro Tanaka Abdul Gafur Akira Ohta Masataka Kawai Takashi Yamanaka Hitoshi Neda Yuko Ota

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.5, pp.396-401, 2012 (Released:2023-03-31)

被引用文献数

106

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We have optimized a simple and rapid preparation procedure for mushroom DNA extraction from colonies on media or from fruiting bodies for PCR amplification. The protocol combines microwaving twice for 1 min, cooling for 10 min, and centrifuging for 5 min. By using this procedure, more than 100 samples of mushroom DNA can be prepared within 1 h. The DNA obtained can be used for (1) identifying mushroom species by PCR and subsequent sequencing, (2) amplifying low copy number genes (at least 2,000 bp), and (3) screening genetic transformants. This technique will contribute to the mycology of mushroom species.

著者

Miao Liu Uwe Braun Susumu Takamatsu Sarah Hambleton Parivash Shoukouhi Kassandra R. Bisson Keith Hubbard

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.3, pp.143-165, 2021-05-20 (Released:2021-05-20)

参考文献数

59

被引用文献数

20

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A taxonomic revision of the hitherto monotypic genus Blumeria was conducted incorporating multi-gene sequence analyses, host preference data and morphological criteria. The sequenced loci included rDNA ITS, partial chitin synthase gene (CHS1), as well as fragments of two unnamed orthologous genes (Bgt-1929, Bgt-4572). The combined evidence led to a reassessment and a new neotypification of B. graminiss. str. (emend.), and the description of seven additional species, viz. B. americana sp. nov. (mainly on hosts of the Triticeae), B. avenae sp. nov. (on Avena spp.), B. bromi-cathartici sp. nov. (on Bromus catharticus), B. bulbigera comb. nov. (on Bromus spp.), B. dactylidis sp. nov. (on Dactylis glomerata as the main host, but also on various other hosts), B. graminicola sp. nov. (on Poa spp. as principal hosts, but also on various other hosts), and B. hordei sp. nov. (on Hordeum spp.). Synonyms were assessed, some were lectotypified, and questionable names previously associated with powdery mildew on monocots were discussed although their identities remained unresolved. Keys to the described species were developed.

著者

Akihiko Kinoshita Kohei Yamamoto Toshiyuki Tainaka Toshifumi Handa Akiyoshi Yamada

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.26-32, 2022-01-20 (Released:2022-01-20)

参考文献数

24

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We describe a new truffle species, Tuber torulosum, based on molecular and morphological analyses. This species forms a single globose ascospore per ascus, pale yellow in color, as do Japanese T. flavidosporum and Chinese T. turmericum and T. xanthomonosporum in the Japonicum clade of the Tuber phylogeny. However, it can be distinguished from them microscopically by its whitish tomentose mycelium that partially covers the ascoma surface and the mesh size of its spore ornamentation. Cystidia are moniliform and yellowish to reddish. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer and partial large subunit regions of ribosomal DNA also supports T. torulosum as a distinct species. On the basis of our results, we provide a key to species in the Japonicum clade.

著者

Akira Hashimoto Hiroshi Masumoto Rikiya Endoh Yousuke Degawa Moriya Ohkuma

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.47-63, 2021-01-20 (Released:2021-01-20)

参考文献数

98

被引用文献数

2

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The resinicolous fungi Sarea difformis and S. resinae (Sareomycetes) were taxonomically revised on the basis of morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide sequences of the nSSU-LSU-rpb1-rpb2-mtSSU genes. The results of phylogenetic analyses show that S. difformis and S. resinae are grouped with members of Xylonomycetes. According to the results of phylogenetic analyses and their sexual and asexual morphs resemblance, Sareomycetes is synonymized with Xylonomycetes. Although Tromera has been considered a synonym of Sarea based on the superficial resemblance of the sexual morph, we show that they are distinct genera and Tromera should be resurrected to accommodate T. resinae (= S. resinae). Xylonomycetes was morphologically re-circumscribed to comprise a single family (Xylonaceae) with four genera (Sarea, Trinosporium, Tromera, and Xylona) sharing an endophytic or plant saprobic stage in their lifecycle, ascostroma-type ascomata with paraphysoid, Lecanora-type bitunicate asci, and pycnidial asexual morphs. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequences and environmental DNA (eDNA) implied a worldwide distribution of the species. Although Symbiotaphrinales has been treated as a member of Xylonomycetes in previous studies, it was shown to be phylogenetically, morphologically, and ecologically distinct. We, therefore, treated Symbiotaphrinales as Pezizomycotina incertae sedis.

著者

Yang­-yang Cui Qing Cai Zhu L Yang

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.29-35, 2021-01-20 (Released:2021-01-20)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

4

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Amanita chuformis, a new species in the A. pseudogemmata-A. ballerina subclade of Amanita section Phalloideae, is described from China with both multi-gene phylogenetic and morphological data. This species occurs in subalpine coniferous forests in southwestern China and is characterized by its brownish pileus decorated with conical to patch-like volval remnants, a slightly striate pileal margin, a marginate basal bulb, and weakly amyloid to amyloid, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 9.5–11 × 8–9.5 μm. Phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the nuclear ribosomal RNA large subunit (nrLSU) and the genes for the polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) and for translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1α) indicate A. chuformis is close to A. pseudogemmata and A. levistriata. The new species is described, illustrated and compared with closely related and similar species.

著者

Chiharu Nakashima Tadashi Akashi Yukiko Takahashi Toshihiro Yamada Mitsuteru Akiba Takao Kobayashi

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.4, pp.250-254, 2007 (Released:2023-03-31)

被引用文献数

1

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Scolecostigmina chibaensis on Pinus parviflora is described as a new species. Cercospora cryptomeriicola Sawada on Cryptomeria japonica is transferred to the genus Pseudocercospora, based on the morphological characteristics of the type specimen and newly collected specimens.

著者

Takahiro Yagame Nitaro Maekawa

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.6, pp.343-350, 2019 (Released:2023-03-07)

被引用文献数

3

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We induced basidioma formation of a fungus belonging to the Thelephoraceae that was isolated from the orchid Cephalanthera falcata. The mycobiont was isolated from root, cultured on modified Melin-Norkrans medium, and then inoculated onto fine roots of a Quercus serrata (Fagaceae) seedling. After observation of ectomycorrhiza formation, the Q. serrata seedling was grown in a pot. Thirty-six mo after ectomycorrhiza formation, basidioma formation was confirmed at the bottom of the pot. From comparisons in morphological characteristics between the mycobiont and known related Thelephoraceae species, and sequence similarities of internal transcribed spacer region in ribosomal DNA, we identified the mycobiont as Thelephora ellisii sensu lato in Thelephoraceae (Basidiomycota). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the related sequences came from ectomycorrhizae of trees of the Salicaceae, Pinaceae, and Fagaceae distributed in East Asia, the USA, central Africa, and Europe.

著者

Hidetaka Umata Yuko Ota Masayoshi Yamada Yuka Watanabe Stephan W. Gale

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.5, pp.343-352, 2013 (Released:2023-03-07)

被引用文献数

22

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We examined the level of specificity exhibited by seeds of Cyrtosia septentrionalis for germination-inducing fungi. Three wood-decomposing Armillaria species (A. gallica, A. mellea subsp. nipponica and A. tabescens) known to colonize adult plants and an unidentified species of Polyporales isolated from naturally growing protocorms were tested. Xylobolus annosus, a free-living decomposer of Russulales, was included as a control. Seed germination occurred in a sawdust-based medium in sealed and unsealed containers in the presence of all fungi, indicating low mycorrhizal specificity in germination. Moreover, germination occurred even in modified containers in which the fungus was physically isolated from the orchid seeds, indicating that direct seed-fungus contact is not required. Higher germination percentages were observed in sealed containers in which a modified atmosphere, consisting of a lower O2 and a higher CO2 concentration, had been established in the air above the inoculated medium as a result of the saprophytic activity of the fungus. In nature, atmospheric conditions more effective for seed germination might be established by the action of mycobionts in decomposing wood. Seeds germinated in the presence of the unknown Polyporales species underwent further growth and development, as compared with the other fungi tested, when covered with soil.

著者

Alexis Guerin-Laguette

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.10-28, 2021-01-20 (Released:2021-01-20)

参考文献数

168

被引用文献数

10 12

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The cultivation of edible mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) has made great progress since the first cultivation of Tuber melanosporum in 1977 but remains in its infancy. Five cultivation steps are required: (1) mycorrhizal synthesis, (2) mycorrhiza development and acclimation, (3) out-planting of mycorrhizal seedlings, (4) onset of fructification, and (5) performing tree orchards. We provide examples of successes and challenges associated with each step, including fruiting of the prestigious chanterelles in Japan recently. We highlight the challenges in establishing performing tree orchards. We report on the monitoring of two orchards established between Lactarius deliciosus (saffron milk cap) and pines in New Zealand. Saffron milk caps yields reached 0.4 and 1100 kg/ha under Pinus radiata and P. sylvestris 6 and 9 y after planting, respectively. Canopy closure began under P. radiata 7 y after planting, followed by a drastic reduction of yields, while P. sylvestris yields still hovered at 690 to 780 kg/ha after 11 y, without canopy closure. The establishment of full-scale field trials to predict yields is crucial to making the cultivation of EMF a reality in tomorrow’s cropping landscape. Sustainable EMF cultivation utilizing trees in non-forested land could contribute to carbon storage, while providing revenue and other ecosystem services.

著者

Wakana Ogawa Naoki Endo Yumi Takeda Miyuki Kodaira Masaki Fukuda Akiyoshi Yamada

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.45-53, 2018 (Released:2023-03-07)

被引用文献数

11

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Species of fleshy yellow Cantharellus are known as chanterelles, which are among the most popular wild edible mycorrhizal mushrooms in the world. However, pure culture isolates of Cantharellus are rare. We report an efficient isolation technique of the Japanese golden chanterelle, Cantharellus anzutake, from its ectomycorrhizal root tips. Field-sampled fresh ectomycorrhizal root tips of C. anzutake on various hosts such as pines, spruce, and oaks were vortexed with 0.005% Tween 80 solution, surface sterilized with 1% calcium hypochlorite solution, rinsed with sterilized distilled water, and placed on modified Norkrans’ C (MNC) agar plate medium. Most ectomycorrhizal root tips of C. anzutake produced yellowish mycelial colonies within a few months. In contrast, tissue isolation from basidiomata provided limited cultures of C. anzutake but much contamination of bacteria and molds, even on media that contained antibiotics. The established C. anzutake cultures had clamp connections on the hyphae and contained intracellular oily droplets. These cultured isolates were identified as C. anzutake by sequence analysis of the rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and translation elongation factor EF1-alpha (tef-1) genes.

著者

Nitaro Maekawa Ryo Sugawara Ryo Nakano Ryotaro Shino Kozue Sotome Akira Nakagiri Yuichi Oba

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.4, pp.109-115, 2023-07-31 (Released:2023-07-31)

参考文献数

36

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Aleurodiscus sagittisporus sp. nov. is described and illustrated. This species is characterized by producing basidiomata with a monomitic hyphal system, clampless-septate hyphae, arrowhead-shaped, amyloid, finely verrucose basidiospores, gloeocystidia, dendrohyphidium-like branched paraphysoid hyphae, and variously shaped swelling cells in the hymenium. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear rDNA LSU and ITS sequences revealed that the species is distinct from the lineage of Aleurodiscus s. str. and related genera in the Aleurodiscus s. lat. clade. Basidiomata of A. sagittisporus have been collected only from dead petioles attached to living trees of Livistona chinensis var. subglobosa on Hachijo Island, Japan.

著者

Can Zhong Rongrong Zhou Jian Jin Hao Liu Jing Xie Lanping Zhen Shengen Xiao Shuihan Zhang

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.3, pp.189-197, 2021-05-20 (Released:2021-05-20)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

2

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Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis is an ethnopharmacological fungus with broad pharmacological properties. Light is a critical environmental factor for the stromata formation and development of many fungi. In this study, photomorphogenesis and blue light receptor genes were studied using a strain of O. xuefengensis. Light represses vegetative growth, but conidia linked to stromata can be observed under both light and dark conditions. Light and dark conditions had little effect on the accumulation of polysaccharides and adenosine. The genes Oxwc-1 and Oxwc-2 encoding photoreceptors of O. xuefengensis were cloned and predicted to possess polypeptides of 937 and 525 amino acids, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis based on fungal WC-1/2 supported OxWC-1 and OxWC-2 were photoreceptor. The expression of both the Oxwc-1 and Oxwc-2 genes reached a maximum after receiving light stimulation for 15 min, which might relate to the inhibition of stromata growth.

著者

Yoshiaki Iwamoto Yousuke Degawa Takeshi Nakayama

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.63-68, 2023-03-20 (Released:2023-03-20)

参考文献数

31

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The genus Schizoplasmodiopsis is one of the most morphologically diverse groups among the class Variosea. Recent phylogenetic studies suggest that Schizoplasmodiopsis is polyphyletic, but there are few taxonomic studies of this genus. We established S. micropunctata strain YIP-40, observed in detail its of morphology and lifecycle, and conducted a phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that S. micropunctata was sister to Tychosporium acutostipes. Scanning electron microscopy showed S. micropunctata had a non-deciduous hilum structure that is unique to Tychosporium. The morphology of amoebae, mitotic behavior, and prespore cells of S. micropunctata also supported the close relationship to Tychosporium. We propose to transfer S. micropunctata to Tychosporium and emend the generic concept of Tychosporium to include this species.

著者

Nitaro Maekawa Ryo Sugawara Hiroki Kogi Shungo Norikura Kozue Sotome Naoki Endo Akira Nakagiri Shuji Ushijima

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.19-34, 2023-01-31 (Released:2023-01-31)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

2

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Species of Hypochnicium (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) collected from Japan were studied on their taxonomy by morphological and phylogenetic approaches. Phylogenetic analyses based on a nrDNA LSU and ITS dataset including the Japanese specimens and other publicly available ones show that Hypochnicium is polyphyletic. Since the clade containing the type species H. bombycinum was well-supported, we defined this clade as Hypochnicium s. str., and emended Hypochnicium to include restricted taxa with only smooth basidiospores. The new genus Neohypochnicium is proposed to accommodate the remaining taxa excluded from the genus Hypochnicium s. str., which includes both species with smooth basidiospores and ornamented ones. Three new species, Gyrophanopsis japonica, N. asiaticum and N. perlongicystidiosum are described and illustrated based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses using an ITS region dataset. In addition, the following 15 new combinations are proposed: N. albostramineum, N. aotearoae, N. capitulateum, N. cremicolor, N. cystidiatum, N. geogenium, N. guineense, N. huinayense, N. michelii, N. microsporum, N. patagonicum, N. pini, N. punctulatum, N. subrigescens and N. wakefieldiae. An identification key to Japanese species of Bulbillomyces, Gyrophanopsis, Hypochnicium and Neohypochnicium is provided.

著者

Saho Shibata Yuuri Hirooka

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.6, pp.247-253, 2022-09-20 (Released:2022-11-20)

参考文献数

23

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Exobasidium pentasporium was first found on Rhododendron kaempferi in Nikko, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan and described only with a brief mentions and illustration of a specimen in 1896. This fungus causes a witches' broom disease of Rhododendron species. To stabilize the concept of this species, the specimen in the protologue was located, carefully examined, and illustrated. In addition, the name was epitypified based on a newly collected topotype specimen. A phylogenetic tree using ITS and LSU sequences showed that our isolates of E. pentasporium grouped with other Exobasidium species on Rhododendron forming a monophyletic clade with strong statistical support and were unrelated to E. nobeyamense, another causal agent of witches' broom disease on Rhododendron species.

著者

Yumiko Miyamoto Trofim C. Maximov Alexander Kononov Atsuko Sugimoto

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.4, pp.142-148, 2022-07-31 (Released:2022-07-31)

参考文献数

70

被引用文献数

3

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Microbial symbionts are essential for plant niche expansion into novel habitats. Dormant propagules of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are thought to play an important role in seedling establishment in invasion fronts; however, propagule bank communities above the treeline are poorly understood in the Eurasian Arctic, where treelines are expected to advance under rapid climate change. To investigate the availability of EM fungal propagules, we collected 100 soil samples from Arctic tundra sites and applied bioassay experiments using Larix cajanderi as bait seedlings. We detected 11 EM fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) by obtaining entire ITS regions. Suillus clintonianus was the most frequently observed OTU, followed by Cenococcum geophilum and Sebacinales OTU1. Three Suillus and one Rhizopogon species were detected in the bioassay seedlings, indicating the availability of Larix-specific suilloid spores at least 30 km from the contemporary treeline. Spores of S. clintonianus and S. spectabilis remained infective after preservation for 14 mo and heat treatment at 60 °C, implying the durability of the spores. Long-distance dispersal capability and spore resistance to adverse conditions may represent ecological strategies employed by suilloid fungi to quickly associate with emerging seedlings of compatible hosts in treeless habitats.

著者

Yu Li Hailong Yu Liangmin Li Chunyan Song Xiaodong Shang Qi Tan Lujun Zhang Qiaozhen Li

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MYC580, (Released:2022-08-11)

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Crossbreeding is the most commonly used method in breeding of Lentinula edodes, however low fruiting rate of the hybrids has always caused troubles and barriers for breeders. An early screening method of the fruiting ability could make the breeding work more efficient. In this paper, a rapid and high-throughput laccase activity detection method based on agar diffusion principle was developed. In this way, we investigated the constitutive and inducible extracellular laccase activity of 36 strains in a breeding population of L. edodes on different media and performed a correlation analysis with fruiting ability of these strains. The results showed the laccase activity of mycelium cultured in non-induced medium for 8 d could be used as an early screening index to judge whether it had fruiting ability at the later stage. Early rapid and simple screening method for hybrid populations was established based on laccase activity characteristics of mycelia. 127 strains from another 5 different hybrid populations were used to verify the early screening method. From the validation results, the early screening method was effective, but the appropriate screening threshold was needed to select according to the cross population, which would greatly to improve the breeding efficiency of L. edodes.

著者

Gilka Rocha Vasconcelos da Silva Vinicius Henrique De Oliveira Mark Tibbett

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.132-136, 2021-03-20 (Released:2021-03-20)

参考文献数

43

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We hypothesised that cadmium exposure would hinder growth and secretion of carbon-degrading enzymes by mycorrhizal fungi, and that this would vary according to their tolerance to cadmium stress. The enzymes measured were β-Glucosidase, β-Xylosidase, β-D-cellubiosidase, N-acetyl-β-Glucosaminidase in three strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi Hebeloma subsaponaceum, Scleroderma sp., Hebeloma sp. and a feremycorrhizal fungus Austroboletus occidentalis. Fungi were subjected to cadmium stress for 28 d (in modified Melin-Norkrans liquid medium). The results showed unanticipated differential response of enzyme activities among the fungal species, including potential hormesis effects. Austroboletus occidentalis showed an increase in enzyme activity under cadmium stress.

著者

Kentaro Hosaka

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

日本菌学会大会講演要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3, 2014 (Released:2014-08-26)