3 0 0 0 OA 脳が決める効果:プラセボ効果の要因解析からわかること
- 著者
- 井澤 美苗 信野 明美 西村 友宏 登美 斉俊 中島 恵美
- 出版者
- 日本香粧品学会
- 雑誌
- 日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.37, no.3, pp.197-200, 2013-09-30 (Released:2014-10-29)
- 参考文献数
- 9
Recent clinical research utilizing noninvasive functional measurement techniques has indicated that placebo effects might be therapeutically useful, because clear responses to placebo administration have been observed in patients' brains. Both physiological and mental states are affected by placebo and a role of brain receptor(s) was suggested. Factors influencing the placebo effect are the Pavlov reaction, expectation, cognition, and conditioning. Further, the nocebo effect is a negative reaction caused by anxiety, which acts as a confounding factor. Different outcomes may be obtained depending upon whether the placebo effect is evaluated in terms of objective or subjective responses. Correlation analyses of outcomes from various clinical trials indicate that placebo improves subjective response more effectively than objective parameters. Psychosocial care of patients is an important aspect of welfare, and a better understanding of the mechanism of the placebo effect will be helpful in this regard. Cognitive therapy is well known to be as efficacious as antidepressant medication for treating depression. Therefore, we studied the relationship between activity in the cerebral prefrontal area and counseling intervention. Aromatherapy is known to be effective to improve mood. We thus evaluated the influence of counseling on the efficacy of aromatherapy in healthy young women. Participants in a room filled with the fragrance of bergamot completed both a self-reported questionnaire (motivation, feeling of drowsiness and general fatigue) and multi-dimensional fatigue inventory-20 (MFI-20). Further, as an objective measure of changes in stress, blood flow in the inferior frontal cortex was evaluated by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). MFI-20 showed that the combination of aromatherapy with counseling significantly improved both brain activity and motivation, as compared to aromatherapy alone, though the self-reported questionnaire showed no significant difference. Regional blood flow in the inferior frontal cortex was significantly decreased by exposure to aromatherapy with counseling, compared to aromatherapy alone (p<0.05). The value of the NIRS-derived laterality index (LI), which is considered to be a measure of stress, was decreased by aromatherapy with counseling. Thus, we confirmed that the combination of aromatherapy with counseling intervention significantly improved mood and stress. Our results also demonstrated that counseling intervention increased the effectiveness of aromatherapy.
看護教育者を対象に、変化への柔軟な対応力と看護実践力を育む領域横断的「概念基盤学習」の実践をとおして看護教育の質および指導力(学習コーチングと臨床コーチング)の向上を図るために、教育ネットワーク創りと実装支援研究を行う。具体的には、看護教育において高頻度で使用する概念をベンチマーク(先行研究, Giddens ら,2012)で抽出し、共通概念を基に学習支援に向けた指導用の教材を完成させ、新たな看護教育の選択肢の一つとして提供する。なお、作成した指導用教材は研究協力校および導入希望校(看護系大学と看護専門学校)に配布し、必要に応じて教育支援と評価を行う。
1 0 0 0 OA 虚血性心疾患患者のリスク認識に焦点をあてたセルフマネジメントプログラムの開発
本研究は、虚血性心疾患患者のセルフマネジメント教育プログラムの開発に向けて、病気に対するリスク認識とセルフマネジメントの現状について明らかにし、更に語りの影響と教育プログラム導入の可能性を検討することを目的とした。虚血性心疾患患者4名に対し半構成面接を行い、質的帰納的に分析した。分析の結果、リスク認識は【自分なりに病気体験の意味づけをする】などの5カテゴリーが、セルフマネジメントは【セルフマネジメントの困難感】など3カテゴリーが抽出された。また、面接後に対象者は気持ちの変化について語っており、語りを教育プログラムに取り入れることでセルフマネジメントが促される可能性が示唆された。
- 著者
- 中島 恵美 横川 弘一 市村 藤雄 倉田 孝一 木戸 日出喜 山口 成良 山名 月中
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人日本薬学会
- 雑誌
- Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin (ISSN:00092363)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.35, no.2, pp.718-725, 1987-02-25
- 被引用文献数
- 4
The disposition characteristics of biperiden were investigated in rats, rabbits, beagles, and humans, and a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was established by using the hepatic intrinsic clearance of unbound drug concentration and the tissue-to-plasma unbound concentration ratios. Protein-binding parameters and blood-to-plasma concentration ratios were determined, and linear parameters were obtained in beagles and humans over a wide concentration range. The hepatic intrinsic clearance of humans was predicted from the animal data. The coincidence of each tissue-to-plasma Unbound concentration ratio between rats and rabbits was confirmed in the steady state, and the mean tissue-to-plasma unbound concentration ratios were used for the prediction of the plasma concentration-time courses of beagles and humans. The predicted lines fitted the observed plasma concentrations of beagles and a patient well after a single intravenous injection and repeated intramuscular administrations, respectively.