著者

町田 昌彦 岩田 亜矢子 山田 進 乙坂 重嘉 小林 卓也 船坂 英之 森田 貴己

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.33-49, 2022 (Released:2022-02-15)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

4

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We estimate the monthly discharge inventory of tritium from the port of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (1F) from Jun. 2013 to Mar. 2020 using the Voronoi tessellation scheme, following the tritium monitoring inside the port that started in Jun. 2013. As for the missing period from the initial month, Apr. 2011 to May 2013, we calculate the tritium discharge by utilizing the ratio of tritium concentration to 137Cs concentration in stagnant contaminant water during the initial direct run-off period to Jun. 2011 and the discharge inventory correlation between tritium and 137Cs for the next-unknown continuous-discharge period up to May 2013. From all the estimated results over 9 years, we found that the monthly discharge inventory sharply dropped immediately after closing the seaside impermeable wall in Oct. 2015 and subsequently coincided well with the sum of those of drainage and subdrain etc. By comparing the estimated results with those in the normal operation period before the accident, we point out that the discharge inventory from the 1F port after the accident is not very large. Even the estimation for the year 2011 is found to be comparable to the maximum of operating pressurized water reactors releasing relatively large inventories in the number of digits. In the national level, the total domestic release inventory in Japan significantly decreased after the accident owing to the operational shutdown of most plants. Furthermore, 1F and even the total Japanese discharge inventory are found to be minor compared with those of nuclear reprocessing plants and heavy-water reactors on a worldwide level. From the above, we suggest that various scenarios can be openly discussed regarding the management of tritium stored inside 1F with the help of the present estimated data and its comparison with the past discharge inventory.

著者

町田 昌彦 岩田 亜矢子 山田 進 乙坂 重嘉 小林 卓也 船坂 英之 森田 貴己

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.J20.036, (Released:2022-01-26)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

4

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We estimate the monthly discharge inventory of tritium from the port of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (1F) from Jun. 2013 to Mar. 2020 using the Voronoi tessellation scheme, following the tritium monitoring inside the port that started in Jun. 2013. As for the missing period from the initial month, Apr. 2011 to May 2013, we calculate the tritium discharge by utilizing the ratio of tritium concentration to 137Cs concentration in stagnant contaminant water during the initial direct run-off period to Jun. 2011 and the discharge inventory correlation between tritium and 137Cs for the next-unknown continuous-discharge period up to May 2013. From all the estimated results over 9 years, we found that the monthly discharge inventory sharply dropped immediately after closing the seaside impermeable wall in Oct. 2015 and subsequently coincided well with the sum of those of drainage and subdrain etc. By comparing the estimated results with those in the normal operation period before the accident, we point out that the discharge inventory from the 1F port after the accident is not very large. Even the estimation for the year 2011 is found to be comparable to the maximum of operating pressurized water reactors releasing relatively large inventories in the number of digits. In the national level, the total domestic release inventory in Japan significantly decreased after the accident owing to the operational shutdown of most plants. Furthermore, 1F and even the total Japanese discharge inventory are found to be minor compared with those of nuclear reprocessing plants and heavy-water reactors on a worldwide level. From the above, we suggest that various scenarios can be openly discussed regarding the management of tritium stored inside 1F with the help of the present estimated data and its comparison with the past discharge inventory.

著者

町田 昌彦 岩田 亜矢子 山田 進 乙坂 重嘉 小林 卓也 船坂 英之 森田 貴己

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.12-24, 2023 (Released:2023-01-18)

参考文献数

54

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We estimate the inventory of tritium in two sea areas corresponding to coastal and offshore ones around Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (1F) on the basis of the measured seawater tritium concentrations monitored constantly from 2013 to Jan. 2021 by using the Voronoi tessellation scheme. The obtained results show that the offshore area inventory and its temporal variation amount correspond to approximately 1/5 and 1/50 of that of the treated water accumulated inside 1F, respectively. These results suggest that the amount of tritium included in seawater as the background is non-negligible in evaluating the environmental impact of releasing the accumulated treated water into the sea area. We also estimate the offshore area inventory before the 1F accident and find that it had exceeded the 1F stored inventory over 30 years from 1960s to 1980s, being approximately 4 times larger in the peak decade 1960s. This finding means that we had already experienced more contaminated situations over 30 years in the past compared with the conservative case emerged by just releasing whole the present 1F inventory. Here, it should also be emphasized that the past contamination situation was shared by the entire world. We further extend the estimation area to include the offshore area from Miyagi to Chiba Prefectures and find that the average area inventory is now comparable to half the present 1F inventory. Finally, we estimate the internal dose per year by ingesting fishes caught inside the area when the 1F inventory is added only inside the area and kept there for one year. The result indicates that it approximately corresponds to 1.0 × 10−6 of the dose from natural radiation sources. From these estimation results, we find that all the tritium inventories stored inside 1F never contribute to significant dose increment even when it is instantly released into the area.

著者

町田 昌彦 山田 進 岩田 亜矢子 乙坂 重嘉 小林 卓也 渡辺 将久 船坂 英之 森田 貴己

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.4, pp.226-236, 2019 (Released:2019-11-20)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

9

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After direct discharges of highly contaminated water from Units 2 and 3 of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (1F) from April to May 2011, Kanda suggested that relatively small amounts of run-off of radionuclides from the 1F port into the Fukushima coastal region subsequently continued, on the basis of his estimation method. However, the estimation period was limited to up to September 2012, and there has been no report on the issue since that work. Therefore, this paper focuses on the discharge inventory from the 1F port up to June 2018. In the missing period, the Japanese government and Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings have continued efforts to stop the discharge, and consequently, the radionuclide concentration in seawater inside the 1F port has gradually diminished. We show the monthly discharge inventory of 137Cs up to June 2018 by two methods, i.e., Kanda’s method partially improved by the authors and a more sophisticated method using Voronoi tessellation reflecting the increase in the number of monitoring points inside the 1F port. The results show that the former always yields overestimated results compared with the latter, but the ratio of the former to the latter is less than one order of magnitnde. Using these results, we evaluate the impact of the discharge inventory from the 1F port into the coastal area and the radiation dose upon fish digestion.

著者

乙坂 重嘉 福田 美保 青野 辰雄

出版者

日本地球惑星科学連合

雑誌

日本地球惑星科学連合2018年大会

巻号頁・発行日

2018-03-14

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In the coastal region of Fukushima, 137Cs concentration which is higher than before the accident is detected from the seabed even though the concentration in seawater has declined sufficiently. From this fact, it is pointed out that seabed sediment can be a source of radiocesium to coastal areas. In this study, behavior of dissolved radiocesium near the seafloor is discussed from the distributions of 137Cs in seawater, seabed sediment and pore water collected from the area around Fukushima. Between October 2015 and September 2017, seawater and surface (0~10 cm) sediments were collected at 17 stations at 1.5~105 km away from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Seawater was collected at the surface layer (0~3 m depth), intermediate layer (5 m above the seabed), and the layer immediately on the seabed (overlying layer with 0.3 m in thickness). At four stations, pore water in sediment was also collected. The 137Cs concentration in seawater and sediment was measured by gamma-ray spectrometry. The 137Cs concentration in the overlying water ranged from 5 to 283 mBq L-1, and was 2~3 times higher than that in the intermediate layer water. The 137Cs concentration in the pore water was 33~1166 mBq L-1, which was 10~40 times higher than that in the overlying water. The 137Cs concentration in the overlying water did not show clear differences regardless of the pore size (0.45 μm, 0.2 μm and 1 kDa) of the filter used for filtration. From these results, it was confirmed that radiocesium in the seabed sediment was "dissolved" in pore water and diffused to the benthic layer. The 137Cs abundance in the pore water in the surface sediment corresponded to 0.1~0.6% of the 137Cs existing in the solid phase of sediment. At most stations, the 137Cs concentrations in the overlying water and the pore water were approximately proportional to those in the sediment. The apparent distribution coefficient between pore water and sediment was [0.9-4.2]×102 L kg-1, with no difference depending on the year of sampling. These results indicated that equilibrium of 137Cs between pore water and sediment has established in a relatively short period. From the above-mentioned results and kinetic parameters such as 137Cs desorption rate from sediment obtained from laboratory experiments, we estimated the mass balance of 137Cs in the sediments and the overlying water along the coast of Fukushima. The results showed that the 137Cs in the sediment was reduced by about 4~9% per year by desorption/diffusion of 137Cs from the seabed. This rate was lower than the reduction rate of 137Cs in sediments (~29%) observed in this region, and it was estimated that this process was not the main factor of decreasing the 137Cs inventory in sediments. In addition, as of 2017, since the 137Cs concentration presumed to migrate to benthos via the pore water will not exceed the regulatory limit of fishery products, the impact of supply to the benthic environment of 137Cs is considered to be limited.

著者

本多 牧生 乙坂 重嘉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会誌ATOMOΣ (ISSN:18822606)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.4, pp.225-228, 2016 (Released:2020-02-19)

参考文献数

10

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福島第一原子力発電所(FDNPP)事故由来の粒状態放射性セシウムの海洋内での輸送状況を把握するため,2011年7月にFDNPP南東沖大陸斜面に沈降粒子捕集装置を設置し,その後3年間に捕集された粒状物質の放射性セシウムを測定した。その結果,2014年初夏になってもFDNPP事故由来の放射性セシウムが検出され,毎年秋季になると増加する傾向があること等が観測された。捕集粒子の主成分が鉱物粒子であること,海水中の溶存放射性セシウム濃度から推定される粒状態放射性セシウムフラックスより捕集されたフラックスがはるかに大きいことからFDNPP事故由来の放射性セシウムが沈着したFDNPP沖海底堆積物が再懸濁し,大陸斜面に水平方向に輸送されている様子が窺えた。また秋季に見られた放射性セシウム濃度とフラックスの増加は台風が接近・通過することで,より浅い水深の海底堆積物が再懸濁し水平輸送されたと推定された。