著者

佐賀 朝 松井 洋子 小野沢 あかね 人見 佐知子 横山 百合子 吉田 伸之 金 富子 吉田 ゆり子 塚田 孝 神田 由築 浅野 秀剛 米谷 博 杉森 哲也 初田 香成 松田 法子 本康 宏史 齊藤 俊江 松田 有紀子 屋久 健二 吉元 加奈美 武林 弘恵 ボツマン ダニエル

出版者

大阪市立大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2015-04-01

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本研究では、日本近世~近代における国内各地や植民地の遊廓の調査を進め、遊廓の開発や社会=空間構造を分析するとともに、一次史料を用いて、遊女屋・貸座敷の経営内部における女性たちへの抑圧と搾取の構造の解明も進めた。その結果、近世後期以降の遊廓の大衆化と全国的普及の過程で女性たちに対する搾取が強化される一方、明治維新に伴う公娼制度の改革を経て、女性たちが多様な手段を用いて搾取や暴力に直接・間接に抵抗し、それが遊廓社会の変容を促していくことも明らかになってきた。継続的な現地調査や研究会と研究者のネットワーク化、「遊廓・遊所研究データベース」の充実により、新しい遊廓研究が現れてきた点も重要な成果である。

著者

佐賀 朝

出版者

大阪歴史科学協議会

雑誌

歴史科学 (ISSN:09105662)

巻号頁・発行日

no.232, pp.1-9, 2018-04

著者

佐賀 朝

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = St. Andrew's University economic and business review (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.3, pp.159-195, 2012-02-29

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This article examines the historical trajectory of urban lower class society in modern Osaka. Taking into account developments from the early modern period, it analyzes the transformation, expansion, and structure of urban lower class society in the modern period, as well as the way of life of lower class city residents. Specifically, this article focuses on the example of the1930s. First, it analyzes urban lower class society, which was characterized in the early modern and modern periods by the fact that its members frequently gathered together in concentrated residential zones, while also considering the development of the city of Osaka as a whole. Centering on the transformation and dismantling of early modern Osaka's best-known slum district, Nagamachi, urban lower class society developed during the modern period in a form whereby new slums emerged during the processes of industrialization and urbanization. The slums that appeared after Nagamachi's dismantling, including Kamagasaki and those in the Nipponbashi neighborhood, each possessed a subtly different character. Entering the twentieth century, Osaka's slums became even more diverse. Not only did the city's largest outcast community, Nishihamacho, continue to expand, but also new communities inhabited by immigrants from the Korean peninsula and migrants from Okinawa appeared. Thereby, an urban lower class society possessing various unique features took shape in Osaka. Lower class city residents, who lived in the above slum districts, were neither the "negative versions" of modern urban citizens, nor passive subjects. In the rapidly industrializing and changing society of the early twentieth century, they established a world in the city's back-alley tenements into which impoverished migrants, who moved to Osaka, married, gathered together in low-income residential districts, and permanently settled, were absorbed. Influenced in part by new urban governmental policies, during the early twentieth century, lower class city residents not only continued to congregate in the same residential communities, but also began to participate in local reform movements and become increasingly aware of their rights as citizens. The eviction disputes that occurred in the Nipponbashi area over the municipal government-led Substandard Housing District Reform Project are a manifestation of the growing rights consciousness of lower class city residents. Second, this paper examines the case of urban "lower class" laborers in the1930s. In particular, it engages the theme of "lodging and employment brokering." Focusing on brokers who provided housing and employment introduction services to short-term and non-contract laborers and remain a problem in contemporary Japan, this paper analyzes range of issues concerning the supply of "lower-class" labor power during the1930s. Examining two types of laborers, dockworkers and bathhouse workers, this article considers their similarities, differences, and mutual relationship. In the bottom tiers of urban society in1930s Osaka, lower class laborers were closely linked with a specific stratum of brokers called "inns," "rooms," and "brokerages," who provided them with housing and employment introduction service. In addition to arranging housing and employment for unskilled laborers sent to work at the port and the city's baths, brokers extracted brokerage fees, board, and commissions from them. However, in the1930s, as the national unemployment crisis deepened, government officials and labor unions began to view such brokers as a problem and their reform became an important social issue. A significant number of Osaka's dockworkers and bathhouse workers were Korean laborers. During the period in question, which saw an intensification of the problems of low-wage labor and harsh labor conditions, immigrant Korean laborers were forced to accept terrible living conditions. Furthermore, small and mid-sized entrepreneurs involved in the management of bathhouses and shipping labor at the city docks passed on their financial struggles to their workers in the form of poor living and labor conditions. As I noted above, the structure of urban lower class society in Osaka, which formed in the early modern period, was transformed by an increase in the number of migrants from elsewhere in Japan and abroad. During the first half of the twentieth century, lower class city residents continued to play vital role in urban society, supporting the development of the mega-city of Osaka at its base.

著者

佐賀 朝 塚田 孝 吉田 伸之 人見 佐知子 神田 由築 小野沢 あかね 松井 洋子 吉田 ゆり子 金 富子 浅野 秀剛 伊藤 毅 米谷 博 杉森 哲也 初田 香成 松田 法子 松本 良太 本康 宏史 横山 百合子

出版者

大阪市立大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2011-04-01

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本課題では、日本近世~近代における「遊廓社会」の形成・普及の歴史について、三都と中核とする列島各地や植民地の事例も視野に入れて、比較類型史論・都市社会=空間構造論の方法を用いて共同研究を実施した。その最大の成果は、『シリーズ遊廓社会』全2巻(吉川弘文館)であり、本課題の代表者・分担者・連携者・協力者21名による論稿を掲載することができた。列島各地で個別の現地調査や、調査と一体の研究会を開催し、遊廓研究のネットワーク化を図るとともに、府県別の遊廓・遊所の沿革と史料情報を内容とするデータベースWEBサイトを構築し、今後の遊廓・遊所研究の発展につながる基盤を構築した点も特筆すべき成果である。