- 著者
-
本康 宏史
- 出版者
- 国立歴史民俗博物館
- 雑誌
- 国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 (ISSN:02867400)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.147, pp.269-314, 2008-12
本稿では、まず、「戦争と神社」をめぐる研究史で、さきの「資料報告書」(戦争体験の記録と語りに関する資料論的研究)の項目をも踏まえ、近代日本の戦争研究史における、神社との関係にかかわる研究蓄積・研究動向の紹介と、その中での「営内神社」研究の現状と意味を指摘する。ついで、営内神社の創建と展開―軍隊の駐留と神社―では、営内神社の沿革と諸相について簡単に触れ、「軍都」金沢の営内神社、すなわち、①歩兵第七連隊の歩七忠魂社と、②第九師団特科隊の営内神社(功久神社・工兵連隊、貴勲神社・騎兵連隊、燦勲神社・山砲連隊、輜勲神社・輜重兵連隊)の事例を紹介する。その際、「軍都」としての地方都市のさまざまなあり方を確認するためにも、金沢のほかに、豊橋(歩兵第十八連隊の彌健神社・陸軍教導学校の豊秋津神社)、福知山(歩兵第二十連隊の鎮国神社)など、営内神社の痕跡の残る都市の事例を紹介して、比較検討の視点を確保したい。さらに、営内神社の「記憶」と地域では、営内神社の系譜に関して、①稲荷信仰・八幡信仰との関係、②艦内神社と一宮の関係などを紹介したうえで、戦後の「記憶」について、記念碑や聞き取りをベースに分析する。具体的には、「歩七忠魂社の記憶」として、石川護国神社の記念碑や連隊誌の編纂などを、さらに、「輜勲神社の戦後」に関しては、戦後の引き揚げと「平和町」の誕生を背景に、功久神社、貴勲神社、燦勲神社が輜勲神社に合祀され、「平和神社」と改称(再建、再編)、維持される経緯について検証する。最後に、営内神社の系譜を「艦内神社」を含め考察し、今後の課題を整理する。As a study of the history of research on "war and shrines", the first part of this paper introduces research and research trends associated with shrines in the context of the history of research on Japan's wars in the modern period and also in relation to items in the "Report on Written Materials" published earlier. It also considers the current status and meaning of research into "military shrines".In the second part, which examines the construction and development of military shrines in association with the stationing of the military and Shinto religious beliefs, a brief outline is given of the history of military shrines and the military shrines that existed in the "military city" of Kanazawa. Namely, it introduces the examples of the Chukon-sha of the 7th Infantry Regiment and the military shrines of the special regiments of the 9th Division (Norihisa Shrine of the engineers regiment, Kikun Shrine of the cavalry regiment, Sankun Shrine of the mountain artillery regiment and Shikun Shrine of the transport regiment). In order to corroborate the various features of this provincial "military city", examples of cities where the remains of military shrines exist, including Toyohashi (the 18th Regiment's Yaken Shrine and the Military Academy's Toyoakitsu Shrine) and Fukuchiyama (Chinkoku Shrine) are introduced to provide a comparative perspective.In the third part on "memories" of military shrines and the community, the genealogy of military shrines is introduced by looking at their associations with Inari and Hachiman religious beliefs and the relationship between shrines on navy vessels and Ichinomiya shrines. A study of post-war "memories" is undertaken based on memorials and oral histories. More specifically, "memories of the 7th infantry regiment's Chukon-sha" are studied using memorials in the Ishikawa Gokoku Shrine and the compilation of regimental journals. As for the Shikun Shrine during the post-war period, an examination is made of the merging of Norihisa Shrine, Kikun Shrine and Sankun Shrine into Shikun Shrine against the backdrop of the withdrawal of the military after the war, the ensuing birth of a "town of peac" and the changing of the shrine's name to Heiwa Shrine accompanying its reconstruction and reorganization.