14 0 0 0 環太平洋・極北地域のモンゴロイド集団の免疫遺伝学的研究
ヒトT細胞白血病ウイルスI型(HTLV-I)は東南アジア地域の中でも南西日本で特異的に集積している。本研究の民族疫学的調査によりアジア大陸に由来する南米先住民族は、HTLVのウイルス学的亜型とリンパ球抗原の免疫遺伝学的特性から、アンデス群と他の低地群に大別でき、アンデス群は免疫遺伝学的背景が南西日本のHTLV-I保有者群と極めて類似することが明らかになった。南コロンビアからチリやアルゼンチン北部のアンデス山脈に居住する高地民族は日本人と同じHTLV-Iを有し、オリノコ川、アマゾン川、パタゴニアなど低地に広く分布する先住民族は日本人に見られないHTLV-II型を有する。両者はHLAのクラスI、II遺伝子からみても遺伝学的起源を異にする。さらに、チリ北部に埋蔵されている先住民族の先祖と考えられるミイラの骨髄組織から抽出したHTLV-IのLTR、Px遺伝子のクローニングに成功し、千五百年前のミイラのHTLV-Iとアンデス先住民族のHTLV-I、および日本のアイヌ人らのHTLV-Iなどが遺伝学的に近縁関係にあることを示した。一方、中国チベット自治区は政治的に不安定要素が多く、チベット族の血液を採取することは容易でなく、チベット族を対象とした科学的に有用な免疫遺伝学的情報を提供できる研究成果はこれまでなかった。本研究では壮大なチベット高原の中で特に周辺と隔離された秘境奥地に居住しているいくつかのチベット部族の協力を得て、チベット自治区の衛生庁や重慶市中国第三軍医大学の輸血部などと共同で、チベット高原の東部、西部の僻地に棲むチベット族から血液を採取することができた。血清検索によりチベット族はHTLVを保有しないがHBVに高率に感染しており、それらのサブタイプはタイや韓国で見られるC型がほとんどで、インドネシアなどで多く見られるB型は見られなかった。HBV感染者の国際的広がりや地域特異性を示す遺伝学的サブタイプについてはこれまでにも多くの研究成果が報告されているが、HBVのサブタイプから見るとチベット族はHTLV-Iを有さない中央アジアのモンゴロイド集団と判明した。
- 著者
- 山口(渡辺) 彩子 綾部 誠也 千葉 仁志 小林 範子 佐久間 一郎 石井 好二郎
- 出版者
- The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine
- 雑誌
- 体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.63, no.3, pp.305-312, 2014
The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the relationships between the exercise history and the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in female Japanese young adults using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). One-hundred twenty females, aged between 18 to 28 years, participated in the present investigation. The BMD at the lumbar spine (L-BMD), whole body BMD and BMC (WB-BMD and WB-BMC), lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM) were measured by DXA. Using a self-administrered questionnaire, the exercise habits during preschool (4-6 years), primary school (7-12 years), junior high school (13-15 years), high school (16-18 years), and the current habits (>18 years) were eveluated. The L-BMD, WB-BMD and WB-BMC were significantly higher in the subjects with exercise habits during both the period of <18 years and >18 years compared with those in the subjects without an exercise history during all periods (p<0.05). In a separate analysis with the data stratified by the school age, the subjects with an exercise history during primary school, junior high school, or high school had significantly higher BMD and BMC values compared with the non-exercisers (each, p<0.05). In contrast, the BMD and BMC did not differ significantly according to either the exercise history during pre-school nor the current exercise status. A multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that the body weight, LBM, FM, age of menarche, and exercise habits during high school were significant determinants of the L-BMD, WB-BMD and WB-BMC (p<0.001). The results of the present investigation show that both the exercise history during school age and the current exercise habits affect the BMD and BMC in young adults. In particular, high school females should be encouraged to participate in the regular exercise to increase their bone health. Future studies will be needed to confirm the targeted age-group(s) for participation in sports/exercise for the improvement of bone health, including an analysis of the type and intensity of exercise/sports.
1 0 0 0 OA 若年女性における二重X線吸収法を用いて評価した骨密度と幼児期から青年期までの運動習慣
- 著者
- 山口(渡辺) 彩子 綾部 誠也 千葉 仁志 小林 範子 佐久間 一郎 石井 好二郎
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人日本体力医学会
- 雑誌
- 体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.63, no.3, pp.305-312, 2014-06-01 (Released:2014-05-24)
- 参考文献数
- 19
The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the relationships between the exercise history and the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in female Japanese young adults using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). One-hundred twenty females, aged between 18 to 28 years, participated in the present investigation. The BMD at the lumbar spine (L-BMD), whole body BMD and BMC (WB-BMD and WB-BMC), lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM) were measured by DXA. Using a self-administrered questionnaire, the exercise habits during preschool (4-6 years), primary school (7-12 years), junior high school (13-15 years), high school (16-18 years), and the current habits (>18 years) were eveluated. The L-BMD, WB-BMD and WB-BMC were significantly higher in the subjects with exercise habits during both the period of <18 years and >18 years compared with those in the subjects without an exercise history during all periods (p<0.05). In a separate analysis with the data stratified by the school age, the subjects with an exercise history during primary school, junior high school, or high school had significantly higher BMD and BMC values compared with the non-exercisers (each, p<0.05). In contrast, the BMD and BMC did not differ significantly according to either the exercise history during pre-school nor the current exercise status. A multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that the body weight, LBM, FM, age of menarche, and exercise habits during high school were significant determinants of the L-BMD, WB-BMD and WB-BMC (p<0.001). The results of the present investigation show that both the exercise history during school age and the current exercise habits affect the BMD and BMC in young adults. In particular, high school females should be encouraged to participate in the regular exercise to increase their bone health. Future studies will be needed to confirm the targeted age-group(s) for participation in sports/exercise for the improvement of bone health, including an analysis of the type and intensity of exercise/sports.