著者

和田 光弘 WADA Mitsuhiro

出版者

名古屋大学文学部

雑誌

名古屋大学文学部研究論集 (ISSN:04694716)

巻号頁・発行日

no.61, pp.141-163, 2015

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図5、図6は都合により掲載しておりません

著者

和田 光弘

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.5, pp.648-662,728, 1991-02-25 (Released:2017-09-28)

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In the 17th and 18th centuries, among the thirteen colonies of Britith America, the southern colonies especially played an important role in the old colonial system. They were producing staples such as tobacco, rice , etc., utilizing white indentured servants first, then black slaves. Slaves however time after time tried to escape from the yoke of the plantation system, and this paper deals with them or runaway slaves. For examining them as a whole, runaway slave advertisements in newspapers are the most suitable materials in existence. We take a quantitative method to analyze a lot of advertisements collected from colonial newspapers in Maryland and Georgia(Annapolis Maryland Gazette and Savannah Georgia Gazette) from the 1740s through the 1760s. They give us precious information on several aspects of runaways. Based on the information, we can tell the typical, average character of runaway slaves and their flights as follows. They were male and country-born blacks, mulattoes(in Maryland) or foreign-born blacks(in Georgia). Their average age was 26/27. In the busy farming season of spring, summer or fall, they tried to escape alone or in small groups. Some of them were able to speak English, able to cope with skilled works, but some were not. For the capture of these runaways, in about a month after their flights, planters advertised in a newspaper with the statement of reward that is, to some degree, fixed from custom, but also varied in accordance with the time after the flights and the attributes of runaways. Their number however kept growing during the period. One of the most interesting facts found in this analysis is that the character of runaway slaves in Maryland and Georgia was quite similar except thir racial composition. This fact tells us the general robustness of the slave-worked plantation system.

著者

和田 光弘

出版者

史学研究会 (京都大学文学部内)

雑誌

史林 (ISSN:03869369)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.5, pp.p733-765, 1987-09

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個人情報保護のため削除部分あり黒人奴隷制に基づくタバコ・プランテーションの展開をみたメリーランド植民地とヴァジニア植民地は、タバコ植民地とも称され、イギリス旧帝国の「辺境」として、従来、そのモノカルチャー的性格が過度に強調されてきた。それゆえ、アメリカ独立革命においてこれら植民地が有した経済史的意義は、しぼしば捨象され、政治史上での理解とのあいだに大きなギャップが存在していたといえよう。そこで本稿では、特にメリーランド植民地を対象に、植民初期から独立前夜までの経済の動向をできる限り計画的に分析することによって、タバコ植民地の持つ独立革命への経済的前提要因を探りだす。本国の航海法体制への反発という「消極的」要因とならんで、従来見過ごされてきた経済構造そのものの変容という現象が、「積極的」要因として、提示されることになるのである。

著者

和田 光弘 Wada Mitsuhiro

出版者

名古屋大学文学部

雑誌

名古屋大学文学部研究論集. 史学 (ISSN:04694716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, pp.17-40, 2014-03-31

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This paper investigates several interesting aspects of 18th century America utilizing a little over fifteen historical ephemera privately owned by the author. First, as an introduction, the section 1 of the chapter 1 deals with three items concerning George Washington (GW) in their historical contexts: a pocket watch, a medal, and a cameo. An analysis of GWʼs pocket watches from his portraits is an epilogue of the former three articles written by the author in this bulletin on GWʼs timepieces. Historical meanings of a famous memorial medal (“Comitia Americana medal”) issued by the U.S. government in 1780s and dedicated to GW, and a precious “Berlin casting” iron cameo, on which the bust of GW is engraved and had been owned by a descendant of William Floyd, a revolutionary general (now owned by the author) are also analyzed. The section 2 of the chapter 1 treats three valuable ephemera written by relatives of GW: a receipt issued in 1769 by John Washington, a distant relative of GW and an overseer of the Dismal Swamp Company, a check issued in 1839 by Lawrence Lewis, GWʼs favorite nephew, and a check issued in 1846 by George Washington Parke Custis, GWʼs adopted grandson and the original owner of Arlington House. The section 1 of the chapter 2 is an analysis of the “texture” (physical characteristics) of the seventeen ephemera dealt with in this article and other historical documents dealt with in the former articles, which induces interesting facts on the size-system of documents used at that time. The section 2 of the chapter 2 analyzes the text itself of fourteen ephemera such as receipts, promissory notes, and bills of exchange including a receipt for the repayment by Thomas Penn, a son of William Penn, the founder of the colony of Pennsylvania.

著者

Wada Mitsuhiro 和田 光弘

出版者

名古屋大学文学部

雑誌

名古屋大学文学部研究論集. 史学 (ISSN:04694716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, pp.17-40, 2014-03-31

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p.37の史料1、史料2およびp.38-39は都合により掲載しておりません

著者

和田 光弘 WADA Mitsuhiro

出版者

名古屋大学文学部

雑誌

名古屋大学文学部研究論集 (ISSN:04694716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, pp.179-209, 2011-03-31 (Released:2011-04-14)

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This paper is intended to prove the utility of digital historical documents concerning George Washington and the Continental (Confederation) Congress in reconstructing several interesting aspects of Colonial and Revolutionary America. As a full-text search can be pursued effectively and quickly by utilizing digitized editions supplied by the websites of the Library of Congress, etc. which are accessible for free, we approach the theme above from three viewpoints: colonial manners, the “first” president of the U.S., and pocket watches of George Washington. In dealing with these subjects, we need to be conscious the whole structure of the historical materials we use, from an angle of “set” concept or nesting construction of documents. Several facts found are as follows. (1) By examining the digitized Rules of Civility & Decent Behaviour in Company and Conversation written by George Washington himself, we find that he lays a stress on prohibitionary rules rather than recommendatory rules, especially talking about rules of conversation, resulting in our detecting interesting manner codes of the 18th century, some of which are still meaningful even today. (2) By investigating the digitized Journals of the Continental Congress which are the most fundamental documents on the Revolutionary era, we find that John Hanson of Maryland, so-called the “first” president of the U.S., cannot be identified even as the first president under the ratified Articles of Confederation nor as an identical president under the U.S. Constitution, inevitably. Moreover, it turns out that Founding Fathers uttered an important phrase, the “American Revolution” only six times in the Journals. (3) By using the full-text searching function equipped in the digitized Writings of George Washington form the Original Manuscript Sources compiled by J. Fitzpatrick, we reconstruct George Washington’s everyday life focusing on a word, “watch.” While showing the contemporary meanings of pocket watches and related items (seals, etc.) in the early modern Atlantic world, we dig into the deep structure of the Writings, and reveal the consumer world of Washington family, details of consignment system, and several customs concerning the transatlantic trade.