著者

寺床 幸雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地理学会

雑誌

地理学評論 Series A (ISSN:18834388)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.6, pp.588-603, 2009-11-01 (Released:2011-08-25)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2 1

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本研究では,中山間地域の限界集落における耕作放棄地の拡大とその要因について,各農家の農業経営における意思決定に注目し,背景となる社会変化を踏まえて明らかにした.さらに,中山間地域等直接支払制度の有効性についても検討した.農業経営と土地利用の変化に注目すると,対象地域の農業は二つの時期に区分できた.第1期の1980年代までは,生産調整や機械化にともない,耕地跡への植林が進行した.第2期の1990年代以降においては,主たる農業従事者の引退が発生し,それにともなって耕作放棄地が急速に拡大した.耕地の貸借が行われるようになったものの,耕作放棄を十分に抑制するまでには至っていない.中山間地域等直接支払制度は,農業の持続にある程度の役割を果たしていたが,指定基準の問題など,改善すべき課題も明らかとなった.

著者

寺床 幸雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地理学会

雑誌

地理学評論 Series A (ISSN:18834388)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.5, pp.211-233, 2016-09-01 (Released:2019-10-05)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

3 1

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本研究では,長崎県長与町の果樹栽培地域において,農家間の社会関係および地域外アクターとの関係性が農業の維持に果たす役割を,社会関係資本の視点から明らかにした.社会関係資本については,「結束型/橋渡し型」および「構造的/認知的」の両区分に基づいて検討した.研究対象地域では,柑橘研究同志会の活動のように戦後早くから地域的協働が進んでいた.1990年代後半以降は,農業存続への危機感から新たな協働が模索されている.地域内の役割などの構造的・結束型社会関係資本は,農業に関連する地域的協働を可能にしてきた.協力の規範や信頼といった認知的・結束型社会関係資本は,変化を伴いつつも高い水準で維持されている.行政との長期的な信頼の構築は橋渡し型社会関係資本として機能し,現在でも「ながさき型集落営農」などの新たな取組みを支えている.一方で,特定農家への役割の集中など,農業の地域的協働には新たな問題も生じていた.

著者

寺床 幸雄

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.4, pp.443-461, 2016 (Released:2018-01-31)

参考文献数

103

被引用文献数

2 2

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本稿では,農業・農村研究との関わりにおいて社会関係資本の概念について再検討し,農村地理学の研究においてその概念に注目する意義と今後の研究の方向性を展望することを目的とする。さらに,英語圏での農村地理学,農村社会学で展開されるネオ内発的発展論の問題意識をふまえ,農村における農業の社会的側面を議論することが日本の農村,農業の持続可能性を考える際に重要であることを指摘する。社会関係資本の議論は1980年代以降に活発化し,パットナムの論考によって1990年代以降広く社会科学全体で行われるようになった。地理学分野でも,パットナムへの批判の後に議論が活発化し,その空間性や地域における影響をめぐって検討が進められた。さらに,地理学において関係論的視点が重視されるようになったことで,経済地理学を中心に社会関係への注目が高まり,社会的ネットワークとともに社会関係資本の重要性が指摘されるようになった。日本の農業・農村地理学においても社会関係資本に対する注目が高まっているが,それらは主に旧来の共同体的な結束型社会関係資本を中心に議論を進めている。橋渡し型社会関係資本との相互作用や,旧来の社会関係からの変化との関わりに注目する必要がある。さらに,社会関係資本に関する研究は量的研究が主流となっているが,構造的社会関係資本だけでなく,相互の信頼関係や共有される規範意識といった認知的社会関係資本についても注目して,質的研究を深化させることが重要である。

著者

寺床 幸雄 梶田 真

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地學雜誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.4, pp.607-626, 2016

被引用文献数

2

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 Minamata city is well known as the company town of Chisso Corporation, as the site of Minamata disease and, in recent times, as a city with environmentally friendly policies. The postwar experiences of Minamata city are often compared to a microcosm of Japanese modernization. A few decades earlier, the city faced and tackled several problems that most non-metropolitan cities currently face, such as an aging population and economic decline. There are meaningful lessons and suggestions we can adopt from Minamata city for sustainable development policies suited to non-metropolitan cities. This paper focuses on the economic history of Minamata (which includes not only Chisso but also other manufacturing companies and industries) and the dynamic relations between its local economy and politics. In Minamata, social tensions, such as those between the perpetrators and the victims of Minamata disease and between Chisso's labor and management, gradually disappeared due to reconciliation efforts and generational change. Minamata city office changed its vision of future development from being an industrial city to an environmentally friendly one, bearing in mind not only the experiences of Minamata disease victims but also the city's varied environmental resources. The residents of Minamata offered their support for these policies in recent mayor elections. Nevertheless, new problems began to emerge in the city. Jobs for the young had been limited for a long time, especially for men and those who were highly educated. One of the reasons for this is that Chisso prioritized retaining employees and restricted new hiring. Besides, the economic dominance of Chisso prevented local leaders and enterprises from growing. As a result, although Minamata's town planning, with its emphasis on environmentally friendly policies, received much attention and support, those policies could not be effectively implemented due to a lack of local human and institutional resources. Recently, however, young residents have begun to construct new social networks. It is worth noting that they share environmentally friendly visions. We can regard these kinds of movement as the results of continued efforts by Minamata city office and citizens. The economic and social dynamics of Minamata and the problems mentioned here are likely to be common to many non-metropolitan cities. Those cities must not be nearsighted about depopulation problems, but should investigate and try to maintain the conditions needed for long-term social and economic sustainability.

著者

寺床 幸雄 梶田 真

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.4, pp.607-626, 2016-08-25 (Released:2016-09-12)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

3 2

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Minamata city is well known as the company town of Chisso Corporation, as the site of Minamata disease and, in recent times, as a city with environmentally friendly policies. The postwar experiences of Minamata city are often compared to a microcosm of Japanese modernization. A few decades earlier, the city faced and tackled several problems that most non-metropolitan cities currently face, such as an aging population and economic decline. There are meaningful lessons and suggestions we can adopt from Minamata city for sustainable development policies suited to non-metropolitan cities. This paper focuses on the economic history of Minamata (which includes not only Chisso but also other manufacturing companies and industries) and the dynamic relations between its local economy and politics. In Minamata, social tensions, such as those between the perpetrators and the victims of Minamata disease and between Chisso's labor and management, gradually disappeared due to reconciliation efforts and generational change. Minamata city office changed its vision of future development from being an industrial city to an environmentally friendly one, bearing in mind not only the experiences of Minamata disease victims but also the city's varied environmental resources. The residents of Minamata offered their support for these policies in recent mayor elections. Nevertheless, new problems began to emerge in the city. Jobs for the young had been limited for a long time, especially for men and those who were highly educated. One of the reasons for this is that Chisso prioritized retaining employees and restricted new hiring. Besides, the economic dominance of Chisso prevented local leaders and enterprises from growing. As a result, although Minamata's town planning, with its emphasis on environmentally friendly policies, received much attention and support, those policies could not be effectively implemented due to a lack of local human and institutional resources. Recently, however, young residents have begun to construct new social networks. It is worth noting that they share environmentally friendly visions. We can regard these kinds of movement as the results of continued efforts by Minamata city office and citizens. The economic and social dynamics of Minamata and the problems mentioned here are likely to be common to many non-metropolitan cities. Those cities must not be nearsighted about depopulation problems, but should investigate and try to maintain the conditions needed for long-term social and economic sustainability.