9 0 0 0 OA 西東京市における認知症予防のための聴覚検診 ~高齢者の聴力と認知機能~
- 著者
- 中澤 宏 岸保 鉄也 佐藤 むつみ 小路 剛 斉藤 美和子 山縣 然太朗
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 日本耳科学会
- 雑誌
- Otology Japan (ISSN:09172025)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.29, no.3, pp.228-233, 2019 (Released:2020-03-25)
- 参考文献数
- 20
- 被引用文献数
- 1
西東京市医師会は公益事業として,「認知症予防のための聴覚検診」を立ち上げ,同意の得られた65歳以上の高齢者1156名(男性:435名,女性:721名)を対象として,市民の健康診査に合わせて認知症スクリーニング検査であるMMSEと純音気導聴力検査を行なった.また,片耳でも40 dB以上の難聴があり,同意が得られれば語音聴力検査も併せて施行した.その結果,平均年齢:75.2 ± 6.0歳,平均聴力:29.8 ± 14.7 dB,MMSEの平均は28 ± 2.6点,認知症疑いの23点以下は6.2%であった.加齢と伴に純音聴力は有意に低下し,純音及び語音聴力検査に関して,認知症群と認知機能正常群及び認知症群とMCI群の2群間に統計学的有意差を認めた.一方,MCI群と認知機能正常群の2群間には有意差は認められなかった.この研究結果は,認知症の発症リスクのある日本人の高齢者に対する聴覚の検討であるため,日本における認知症とその予防を考えるうえで極めて重要である.
- 著者
- 岸保 鉄也 霜村 真一 久松 健一 中澤 勉 中島 司 野沢 出 村上 嘉彦
- 出版者
- 日本耳科学会
- 雑誌
- Otology Japan (ISSN:09172025)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.4, no.1, pp.90-94, 1994
In middle ear diseases including otitis media with effusion (OME), there are various lipids mediators such as leukotoriene C<SUB>4</SUB>, D<SUB>4</SUB> (LTC<SUB>4</SUB>, LTD<SUB>4</SUB>) and prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>) in the effusion of the tympanic cavity. Therefore, it is important to examine the effect of these mediators on middle ear clearance. We studied on the effect of LTC<SUB>4</SUB>, LTD<SUB>4</SUB> and PGE<SUB>2</SUB> on mucociliary transport of the eustachian tube both in vitro and in vivo. Healthy guinea pigs with normal Preyer's reflexes were used in vitro study. Normal ciliated epithelium was carefully obtained from the tubotympanium and incubated with RPMI solution in the from of tissue culture. The epithelial specimens were incubated with LTC<SUB>4</SUB>, LTD<SUB>4</SUB> and PGE<SUB>2</SUB> respectively, ranged at the concentrations of 10<SUP>-8</SUP>M and 10<SUP>-6</SUP>M. Ciliated cells of the specimens were observed under an inverted microscope. Ciliary activity of each ciliated cell was photo-electrically measured on a TV monitor. LTC<SUB>4</SUB> and LTD<SUB>4</SUB> inhibited ciliary activity at the concentrations of 10<SUP>-8</SUP>M and 10<SUP>-6</SUP>M in vitro. PGE<SUB>2</SUB> promoted ciliary activity at the concentrations of 10<SUP>-8</SUP>M and 10<SUP>-6</SUP>M. Healthy chinchillas were used in vivo study. The animals were free of middle ear infection and hearing loss as determined by otomicroscopy, tympanometry and auditory brainstem response (ABR). One ml each of 10<SUP>-5</SUP>M LTC<SUB>4</SUB>, LTD<SUB>4</SUB>, PGE<SUB>2</SUB> and the control solution (10<SUP>-3</SUP> ethanol/saline) was directly injected into the tympanic bulla with a 27-gauge syringe under anesthetization. The middle ears were examined by otomicroscopy, tympanometry and ABR across time. LTC<SUB>4</SUB> and LTD<SUB>4</SUB> inhibited mucociliary transport of the eustachian tube. However, there was no significant difference between PGE<SUB>2</SUB> and the control.