著者

常岡 充子 高野 陽太郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.93-100, 2012

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The purpose of this experiment was to examine a causal relation between perspective-taking and verbal aggression. A participant conducted verbal communication through a computer with another supposed participant (actually, a computer program). Half of the participants first performed a task that was designed to activate perspective-taking, whereas the other half first performed a different task that was designed not to activate perspective-taking. In verbal communication, it was found that those who had not activated perspective-taking increased the number of instances of verbal aggression as the alleged counterpart became more aggressive, whereas those who had activated perspective-taking did not. This finding suggests that activation of perspective-taking has the effect of suppressing an increase in verbal aggression toward a person who increases verbal aggression.

著者

小川 時洋 松田 いづみ 常岡 充子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.4, pp.426-432, 2019 (Released:2019-10-25)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3

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Few studies have examined serial physiological variations during the concealed information test (CIT). This study analyzed both pre- and post-stimulus physiological measures from a CIT experiment under knowledgeable and unknowledgeable conditions. The physiological measures assessed in both the pre- and post- stimulus phases included skin conductance level (SCL), normalized pulse volume (NPV), and heart rate (HR). Moreover, skin conductance response (SCR) was assessed in the post-stimulus phase. The results showed that the post-stimulus SCL and SCR and post-stimulus NPV in the knowledgeable condition differed not only between the relevant and irrelevant CIT items but also between the irrelevant items that were presented before and after the relevant items. In both knowledgeable and unknowledgeable conditions, physiological activities and reactivity were higher at early positions than at late ones. However, in the knowledgeable conditions, serial positions of the relevant items modulated this tendency, such that physiological activities were maintained until the relevant item was presented and then declined afterwards. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

著者

小川 時洋 松田 いづみ 常岡 充子

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.35-44, 2013 (Released:2013-02-20)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

10 12

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Currently, polygraph examinations in Japan use the concealed information test (CIT) to determine whether a suspect knows specific details of a crime. The present study examined the accuracy of the CIT as a memory detection technique in a mock-theft experiment. Participants were randomly assigned to either an encoding or non-encoding group. An expert polygrapher who was not informed of the group assignments, conducted a CIT that consisted of two questions. One inquired about a card number chosen by the participant, and the other regarded an item that had been stolen. Analyses focused on the second question. Roughly 20% of cases were judged inconclusive while sensitivity and specificity for the remaining cases were 86% and 95%, respectively. Analysis was repeated using modified Lykken scoring, and rates of inconclusive cases, sensitivity, and specificity by this method were 25%, 83%, and 91%, respectively.

著者

常岡 充子 高野 陽太郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.93-100, 2012-01-31 (Released:2017-02-22)

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this experiment was to examine a causal relation between perspective-taking and verbal aggression. A participant conducted verbal communication through a computer with another supposed participant (actually, a computer program). Half of the participants first performed a task that was designed to activate perspective-taking, whereas the other half first performed a different task that was designed not to activate perspective-taking. In verbal communication, it was found that those who had not activated perspective-taking increased the number of instances of verbal aggression as the alleged counterpart became more aggressive, whereas those who had activated perspective-taking did not. This finding suggests that activation of perspective-taking has the effect of suppressing an increase in verbal aggression toward a person who increases verbal aggression.

著者

小川 時洋 松田 いづみ 常岡 充子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.19016, (Released:2020-09-15)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2

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The present study focused on temporal changes of physiological activities within trials during the concealed information test (CIT). Participants were assigned to two groups with an inter-stimulus interval (ISI) of 50 or 25 seconds in the CIT. A relevant item was a piece of jewelry that a participant stole in the preceding mock theft task. Measures were skin conductance level (SCL), skin conductance response (SCR), heart rate (HR), normalized pulse volume (NPV), and self-reported arousal and surprise. The results showed that physiological changes in response to irrelevant items tended to return to pre-stimulus levels within 25 seconds. Physiological recoveries were slower for SCL and HR but faster for NPV for the relevant item than for irrelevant items. Pre-stimulus physiological levels were maintained until the relevant item was presented and then declined, which was similar to the peak of tension effect. Results in the self-reported measures were in line with the physiological measures. Practical and theoretical implications were discussed.

著者

小川 時洋 松田 いづみ 常岡 充子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18315, (Released:2019-07-10)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3

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Few studies have examined serial physiological variations during the concealed information test (CIT). This study analyzed both pre- and post-stimulus physiological measures from a CIT experiment under knowledgeable and unknowledgeable conditions. The physiological measures assessed in both the pre- and post- stimulus phases included skin conductance level (SCL), normalized pulse volume (NPV), and heart rate (HR). Moreover, skin conductance response (SCR) was assessed in the post-stimulus phase. The results showed that the post-stimulus SCL and SCR and post-stimulus NPV in the knowledgeable condition differed not only between the relevant and irrelevant CIT items but also between the irrelevant items that were presented before and after the relevant items. In both knowledgeable and unknowledgeable conditions, physiological activities and reactivity were higher at early positions than at late ones. However, in the knowledgeable conditions, serial positions of the relevant items modulated this tendency, such that physiological activities were maintained until the relevant item was presented and then declined afterwards. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

著者

小川 時洋 松田 いづみ 常岡 充子

出版者

Japanese Society for Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology

雑誌

生理心理学と精神生理学 (ISSN:02892405)

巻号頁・発行日

2015

被引用文献数

2

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隠匿情報検査(CIT)時の生理反応の特徴は,この分野の研究トピックスであり続けている。本研究では,関連項目の数が1個の場合と複数ある場合とで,生理反応および自己報告された感情を比較した。実験参加者は,模擬窃盗でアクセサリーを1個ないし3個盗むことを求められた。また,色の名前を示すカードを3枚ないし1枚,ブラインドで選択するよう求められた。次に実験参加者は,盗んだアクセサリーもしくは選んだ色の名前を尋ねるCITを受けた。生理測度における関連-非関連項目の差異は,関連項目が3個の場合には,関連項目が1個の場合に比べて小さくなった。自己報告測度は,実験参加者が関連項目提示時に驚きや緊張を感じていたことを示した。しかしながら,質問中の関連項目の数は,自己報告尺度の感情には影響しなかった。これらの結果は,CITの項目を感情喚起刺激とするプロセスの存在を示唆する。

著者

等々力 奈都 前野 なつ美 杉野 信太郎 國島 茉由 安田 優子 前田 里沙 佐名 龍太 森 泰斗 常岡 充子 小川 時洋

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.161-176, 2022 (Released:2022-07-31)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

2

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The concealed information test (CIT) is an information detection technique measuring differential responses of the autonomic nervous system caused by the knowledge of crime-related information. The purpose of this study is to compare physiological responses caused by crime-related knowledge with those caused by a questioning voice with a deviant pitch in the CIT and to research whether there is any difference between these responses. Participants were assigned to one of three groups: a “knowledgeable” group, an “unknowledgeable” group, and a “deviant-sound” group in which the unknowledgeable participants received a deviant-sound question of a crime relevant item. Each participant chose one of the two envelopes that manipulate to assign the participant to the predetermined group. The envelopes for the knowledgeable group contained instructions with the role of the thief and the item related to the theft, and the envelopes for the unknowledgeable group and a deviant-sound group contained instructions with the role of the innocent. Participants are asked to hide their roles and undergo the CIT. The knowledgeable group and deviant-sound group showed increased electrodermal activity, low heart rate (HR) and low normalized pulse volume (NPV) for relevant items. In the deviant-sound group, there was no suppression of respiration, and low HR appeared earlier compared to the knowledgeable group. The differential responses on thoracic respiratory speed and HR were consistently observed across question repetitions in the knowledgeable group, while the differential responses on skin conductance response, HR and NPV decreased along with question repetitions in the deviant-sound group. The different patterns of differential physiological responses found in the knowledgeable group and the deviant sound group suggested the possibility of distinguishing these two groups. In particular, the suppression of respiration caused by the crime-relevant item may be characteristic of knowledgeable persons. The practical implications are discussed.