著者

木村 仁宣 本間 俊充

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.76-87, 2006 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

1

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In the event of a nuclear or radiological emergency, short-term countermeasures are implemented. This report summarizes the current status of these countermeasures, such as sheltering, evacuation and iodine prophylaxis in OECD/NEA member countries.

著者

高原 省五 本間 俊充 米田 稔 島田 洋子

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.147-159, 2016 (Released:2016-11-18)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

1

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Management of radiation-induced risks in areas contaminated by a nuclear accident is characterized by three ethical issues: (i) risk trade-off, (ii) paternalistic intervention and (iii) individualization of responsibilities. To deal with these issues and to clarify requirements of justification of interventions for the purpose of reduction in radiation-induced risks, we explored the ethical basis of the radiological protection system of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The ICRP's radiological protection system is established based on three normative ethics, i.e. utilitarianism, deontology and virtue ethics. The three ethical issues can be resolved based on the decision-making framework which is constructed in combination with these ethical theories. In addition, the interventions for inhabitants have the possibility to be justified in accordance with two ways. Firstly, when the dangers are severe and far-reaching, interventions could be justified with a sufficient explanation about the nature of harmful effects (or beneficial consequences). Secondly, if autonomy of intervened-individuals can be promoted, those interventions could be justified.

著者

本間 俊充

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 : hoken buturi (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.3, pp.234-245, 2008-09

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Since the late 1980s, the International Atomic Energy Agency has sponsored programmes in the area of environmental modelling and assessment. The recent EMRAS (Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety) programme was started in 2003 and ended in 2007. This paper firstly describes the historical background of international exercises aimed at the testing and validation of models to assess the transfer of radionuclides in the environment and to predict the potential routes and levels of human exposure to the radionuclides. Chernobyl fallout data collected in various regions of Europe have provided a unique opportunity to test the reliability of environmental assessment models for contamination of terrestrial and aquatic environments. The paper also describes the activities undertaken by the ^<131>I Working Group in the EMRAS programme, which were focused primarily on evaluating the predictive capability of environmental transfer and dosimetry models and on applying models to evaluating the effectiveness of countermeasures.

著者

木村 仁宣 本間 俊充

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 : hoken buturi (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.76-87, 2006-06

被引用文献数

1

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In the event of a nuclear or radiological emergency, short-term countermeasures are implemented. This report summarizes the current status of these countermeasures, such as sheltering, evacuation and iodine prophylaxis in OECD/NEA member countries.

著者

波戸 真治 本間 俊充

出版者

JAEA

雑誌

JAERI-Data/Code 2005-006

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1-549, 2005-09

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日本原子力研究所が開発した確率論的事故影響評価(レベル3PSA)コードOSCAARでは、国際放射線防護委員会(ICRP)の刊行物Publication 30に基づく内部被曝線量換算係数を使用して公衆の被曝線量を評価してきた。ICRPはPublication 56で幾つかの放射性同位体に関して年齢依存の体内動態モデルを示し、それ以降、新しい呼吸気道モデル,その他の放射性同位体に関する年齢依存の体内動態モデル及び尿と糞への排泄モデルを示してきた。ICRPはたくさんの放射性核種に対する年齢依存の内部被曝線量係数をICRP刊行物に示してきたが、吸入及び経口摂取に関する預託実効線量係数だけをそれら刊行物に与えていた。OSCAARは公衆の早期の健康影響及び晩発性の健康影響を評価しているので、さまざまな積分時間に対する組織や器官の内部被曝線量係数が必要となる。本報告書は、これら新しいICRPモデルに基づき、OSCAARで使用するために開発したコードDSYSについて述べるとともに、OSCAARの計算で使用する54核種の内部被曝線量係数を与える。 著者所属: 日本原子力研究開発機構(JAEA)

著者

高原 省五 加藤 尊秋 本間 俊充

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.4, pp.180-192, 2013 (Released:2014-08-08)

参考文献数

70

被引用文献数

1 3

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The monetary value of unit collective dose, which represents the benefit of dose reduction due to the protective measures, is a key element in implementing the optimization principle of the radiation protection. The objectives of this paper are to evaluate the country-specific monetary value of unit collective dose reflecting the economic and population characteristics in Japan, as well as to analyze the balance of the cost and benefit of the radiological protective measures. When we calculated the monetary values of unit collective dose in Japan using human capital method and willingness to pay approach, the values were around several million yen/person-Sv and 20 million yen/person-Sv, respectively. In addition, we surveyed the data on costs of radiological protective measures per the avoided person-Sv. As the results of comparing the cost and benefit, the costs of radiological protective measures to reduce the concentration of radon in homes and to protect workers in nuclear facilities were balanced with the benefit. On the other hand, the costs of radionuclide emission control measures at industrial facilities tend to be higher than the benefit of those measures.

著者

木名瀬 栄 木村 仁宣 高原 省五 本間 俊充

出版者

Atomic Energy Society of Japan

雑誌

日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.3, pp.149-151, 2011 (Released:2011-07-29)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1

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There has been some concern in reviewing the effectiveness of making decisions on the implementation of protective measures in emergency exposure situations. After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, temporal changes in the concentration of iodine 131 in tap water were studied using published data from several authorities in Fukushima, Ibaraki, and Tokyo. Averted doses to infants (1-year-old children) due to the intake of iodine 131 through tap water restrictions were also evaluated. Consequently, it was found that the apparent half-life of iodine 131 in tap water was 2.8 days. The averted equivalent doses to the thyroids of 1-year-old children were found to have a maximum value of 8.3 mSv in a local area of Fukushima. Hence, the tap water restrictions implemented by the authorities were considered to be effective in the early phase of the emergency exposure situation.