著者

松林 翔太 三輪 和久 寺井 仁

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18018, (Released:2019-06-20)

参考文献数

23

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We often encounter various anomalous behaviors of systems, such as machine failures, unexpected behaviors of intelligent agents, and irregular natural phenomena. In order to predict these anomalous behaviors, it is a useful strategy to infer the causal structure of target domains (the inference-based strategy). However, we assume another strategy, the memory-based strategy, to memorize the anomalous behaviors for the predictions. In the present study, we analyzed the features and benefits of the memory-based strategy using the spatial movement prediction task. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed that participants who were instructed to apply the memory-based strategy encoded only the anomalous instances, and not the regular instances. Additionally, the inference-based strategy was more effective for identifying the anomalous instances in a low-complexity task, whereas the memory-based strategy was more effective in a high-complexity task. Experiment 3 revealed that it was difficult to spontaneously select an appropriate strategy based on task complexity and to make benefits of the memory-based strategy for a high-complexity task even if the strategy was applied.

著者

寺井 仁 三輪 和久 松林 翔太

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.223-234, 2015-06-01 (Released:2015-12-01)

参考文献数

33

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Reconstructing explanations perform a crucial role not only in the progress of science,but in educational practice and daily activities including comprehension of phenomena. We focused on the transition of attention on a key fact that contradicts the preceding explanation and has a central role in its reconstruction. We used a short story as an experimental material in which the participants first constructed a prior explanation and reconstructed it. The experimental results are summarized as follows. First, when the prior explanation was rejected, a new explanation was required, after attention on the key fact was inhibited. Second, hypothesized premises not inconsistent with the prior explanation were sought to protect the prior explanation. Third, the explanation reconstruction was facilitated by having the participants focus on the key fact. Last,attention on the key fact was recovered through explanation reconstruction.