著者

白鳥 圭志

出版者

Business History Society of Japan

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.2_29-2_56, 2010 (Released:2014-05-23)

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This article is an attempt to analyze the financial activities of Dai-Nihon Cotton Spinning Co., LTD from the late of 1940s to the middle of 1960s.During the latter half of 1940s, the Dai-Nihon Cotton Spinning was heavily in debt to the banks as a result of its restorations of the equipments that were damaged in the war. Thus, during the first half of 1950, the company's number one priority was to repay the above-mentioned debts to improve its equity ratios as much as possible. From the latter half of 1950s to the middle of 1960s, the company regularly paid high dividend rates due to strong demands made by individual stockholders. As a result, however, the company's financial situation became progressive worse. It should also be noted, however, that at no time did the company's main bank, i.e., Sanwa Bank, intervene in the financial activities of the company.In short, this article contends that the financial approach taken by the Dai-Nihon Cotton Spinning was myopic, a criticism which contrasts sharply with the the commonly accepted academic opinion concerning the financial activities taken by the Japanese firms in the rapid growth era.

著者

白鳥 圭志

出版者

Business History Society of Japan

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.4_55-4_80, 2009 (Released:2012-02-11)

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In the early 1950s, it was pointed out by the MOF's financial inspectors that almost all small and medium sized banks lacked the modern bureaucratic management structures with scientific business analyses, formally rational procedures and rules. Thus, the banks were instructed by the inspectors on improving their management structures in the modern bureaucratization like Weberian's meanings.According to the inspectors' perceptions, the degrees of the improvements among each group of banks were differed during the 1950s. The regional Banks' improvements in their management structures weren't progressed completely until the end of 1950s. The mutual banks' improvements in their management structures weren't nearly progressed until the same era. To sum up, the direction of the instructions as to the banking managements by the inspectors was the one to change the banking managements from non-bureaucratic and non-effective ways of the managements to a bureaucratic and more effective ways.Through the process shown above, the modernization in the banking management structures was led by the MOF's financial inspectors toward the final stage in the end of the 1950s.

著者

白鳥 圭志

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.1-27, 2004-06-24 (Released:2009-11-06)

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This article aims at analyzing the business activities of OGUMA Koichiro, one of the famous wealthy men of Hakodate, Hokkaido, from the late Meiji to the World War I era.Oguma attained a resounding success by investing in fishing grounds during the Russo-Japanese War. With his fishing and other business successes, he became one of the most prosperous men in Hokkaido. Thereafter, his main business activities lay in the fishing business.During World War I, he again enjoyed great success in speculating in the shipping business, and used profits from that speculation to contribute to the welfare of his beloved Hakodate. He donated part of his profits to the Hakodate association for Education and built warehouses, an unprofitable business in the region, which Hakodate needed.After the 1920 Crisis, Oguma invested in unprofitable regional enterprises and became the president of a regional bank in Hakodate to contribute to the restoration of Hakodate local economy. However, in terms of business, he gradually departed from Hakodate. And in the middle of the 1920s, his contribution to the welfare of Hakodate began to merge with his non-business activities.

著者

白鳥 圭志

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.25-50, 2001-12-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

被引用文献数

1 1

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During the 1920s, too many banks failed. One of the important reasons for the failures was the arbitrariness of the banks. The Ministry of Finance's (MOF) bureaucrats were aware of it, and strongly advocated the need to correct this.In 1926, the preparatory committee on the reform of financial institutions and the main committee were established. There, the introduction of the system of the joint-stock company with the auditing book rules for banks was determined. MOF's discretionary powers were introduced for the issuing of warnings. MOF's explained that because the Japanese financial system had strong regional varieties according to a multi-strata financial structure, strict adherence to legal regulations was impossible. All the committee members accepted this without objections. Based on MOF's proposals, the draft of the 1927 bank law was drawn up.In 1927, the 52nd Imperial Diet was convened. There, MOF gave the above reasons to explain the need to regulate banks with discretionary powers in MOF hands. The draft passed the Diet, and from January 1928, the 1927 bank law went into effect.One of the important features of the bank regulation based on the 1927 bank law is the prevention of bankers' arbitrariness by introducing organic principles with rules and procedures in bank management. Another is MOF's discretion in the issuing of warnings, which enabled MOF to take action according to each region's financial situation. Thus the regulations reflected the multi-strata and strong regional characters of the financial system during the 1920s crises. These constitute the historical nature of the bank regulation based on the 1927 bank law.

著者

白鳥 圭志

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.46-74, 2000-09-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

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This article aims at analyzing the financial crises in the Fukushima region, especially remedy-loan dealings between the 107 Bank and the Fukushima branch of the Bank of Japan (BOJ).Following the 1920 crisis, the BOJ branch gave relief to 107 Bank in the form of remedy loans. But it aimed at helping the silk-reeling and sericulture industries rather than the bank.In addition, it ascribed risks to 107 by securing a guarantee from its owner-managers. By using 107, BOJ checked and screened silk-reeling and sericulture companies. Through these procedures, BOJ was able to guarantee its loan-withdrawals. In 1923, the great Kanto earthquake occurred, and the finance of Fukushima region was also damaged. Thus 107 Bank and silk-reeling and sericulture industries asked BOJ for assistance. It once again helped those same industries. But it ascribed risks to 107 and warehouse companies more stringently than in 1920.A management crisis apparently occurred when the 1927 financial crises spread to Fukushima. BOJ was afraid of a widespread financial crisis throughout the region and helped it without avoiding risks by implementing the government compensation law to avoid the collapse of Fukushima's financial system. A feature of BOJ's assistance was high-speed remedies without screening. Thus we see how eager BOJ was to avoid 107's bankruptcy and a bank-run there, although this wish was in vain.In looking at the 1920s financial crises and the Fukushima branch of BOJ, we note how BOJ was caught between providing assistance and maintaining its credibility. But step by step it came to believe that assistance was more important and consequently sacrificed its credibility. However, it considered loan-withdrawals important too and was eager to guarantee withdrawals to avoid a decline in its credibility-its banknotes-as much as possible.

著者

白鳥 圭志

出版者

大阪経済大学日本経済史研究所

雑誌

経済史研究 (ISSN:1344803X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.72-93, 2004-03-31 (Released:2018-12-01)

著者

白鳥 圭志

出版者

全国地方銀行協会

雑誌

地方金融史研究 (ISSN:02867796)

巻号頁・発行日

no.49, pp.75-94, 2018-05

著者

白鳥 圭志

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社會經濟史學 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.95-110, 2015-05-25

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高度成長期の拓銀は都市銀行他行に追いつくべく強度な上昇志向を示した。しかし,エネルギー革命による道内産業の衰退もあり,1960年代半ば以降,本州内で六大銀行型経営の実現を目指した。しかし,既に拓銀が大企業向けの貸出市場に参入する余地はなく,結果的に首都圏の中小企業金融機関化した。また,預金中心の業容拡大は,特に70年代前半には恒常的な遊資体質をもたらした。ここに80年代の経営行動の歴史的前提条件が形成された。

著者

白鳥 圭志

出版者

青木書店

雑誌

歴史学研究 = The journal of historical studies (ISSN:03869237)

巻号頁・発行日

no.918, pp.20-33, 2014-05

著者

白鳥 圭志

出版者

東北学院大学

雑誌

若手研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2009

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衰退地域である北海道江差、松前地域では、地方資産家は地域振興に関わろうとするが、人、資本等の移動もあり奏功しなかった。発展地域である函館市では、1920年までは地方資産家によるインフラ等への投資が地域経済の発展を加速する相乗効果を発lfliした。しかし、20年代以降、地か資産家は地域経済の投資主体として地域を支えることを求められたが、このような行動を長則に採ることは出来なかった。

著者

白鳥 圭志

出版者

東北学院大学

雑誌

若手研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2005

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本年度は両大戦間期における外為銀行(横浜正金銀行)の分析の歴史的前提として、明治期から産業革命期に至る同行の経営動向の分析、管理体制の分祈を中心に行った。その結果、国内における産業資金供給の効率性を担保とする経営制度の確立は既に1880年代に見られたほか、日露戦争後までの時期の間に貿易金融機関としての経営体制のみならず、「満州」開発のための金融機関としての制度内容も整えられたことが明らかになった。その上で、産業革命期までの間に形成された経営体制を前提に第一次世界大戦期に経営拡大が図られることが判明した。ここまでの成果を前提に、第一次世界大戦期から金融恐慌前までの史料収集と分析に着手したが、残念ながら本年度中に史料収集も完了せず、したがって具体的な成果を挙げるには至らなかった。来年度は本科学研究費補助金の助成期間を過ぎてしまうが、何らかの形で財源を確保した上で第一次世界大戦期から1920年代半ばまでの史料収集と分析を継続し、成果としてのとりまとめを図りたいと考えている。また、できるだけ早い時期に、上記の産業革命期までの分析を論文として公表することを考えている。為替政策については、昨年度中に史料収集をほぼ完了することができた。もっとも、残念ながら、上記の外為銀行の史料が膨大だったために、予想外にこちらの史料収集と分析に時間がとられたため、為替政策の分析に着手することはできなかった。来年度、こちらの分析に着手し、成果としてのとりまとめをはかるつもりでいる。