- 著者
- Mizuki Konagaya Teruo Ohsawa Takaya Inoue Toshinari Mito Hideki Kato Kazuhiro Kawamoto
- 出版者
- Meteorological Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.17, pp.234-238, 2021 (Released:2021-12-18)
- 参考文献数
- 13
- 被引用文献数
- 1
To develop offshore wind energy, we investigated nearshore wind conditions, notably the land–sea contrast, using the coastal area of Mutsu-Ogawara, Aomori Prefecture as a case study. We found that wind conditions were substantially different between onshore (MT-A1) and offshore (MT-B) sites, even when the latter were only 1.5 km apart. The mean wind speed at 55 m above sea level at MT-B was higher than that at the onshore site by up to 20% monthly and 12% annually. For winds from the landward side, the Iref value (turbulence intensity at a mean wind speed of 15 m/s) at MT-B was 37% lower than that at MT-A1. Because such high wind speeds and low turbulence conditions are preferable for the operation of wind turbines, an offshore wind farm would have advantageous wind conditions, even if placed close to the coastline. Moreover, we found that the land–sea contrast is caused not only by mechanical factors, such as roughness length, but also by thermodynamic factors such as seasonal variations of atmospheric stability over land and sea.
- 著者
- Mizuki Konagaya Teruo Ohsawa Takaya Inoue Toshinari Mito Hideki Kato Kazuhiro Kawamoto
- 出版者
- Meteorological Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2021-041, (Released:2021-10-27)
- 被引用文献数
- 1
To develop offshore wind energy, we investigated nearshore wind conditions, notably the land–sea contrast, using the coastal area of Mutsu-Ogawara, Aomori Prefecture as a case study. We found that wind conditions were substantially different between onshore (MT-A1) and offshore (MT-B) sites, even when the latter were only 1.5 km apart. The mean wind speed at 55 m above sea level at MT-B was higher than that at the onshore site by up to 20% monthly and 12% annually. For winds from the landward side, the Iref value (turbulence intensity at a mean wind speed of 15 m/s) at MT-B was 37% lower than that at MT-A1. Because such high wind speeds and low turbulence conditions are preferable for the operation of wind turbines, an offshore wind farm would have advantageous wind conditions, even if placed close to the coastline. Moreover, we found that the land–sea contrast is caused not only by mechanical factors, such as roughness length, but also by thermodynamic factors such as seasonal variations of atmospheric stability over land and sea.
- 著者
- Yoko Yoshida Hideki Kato Yoichiro Ikeda Masaomi Nangaku
- 出版者
- Japan Atherosclerosis Society
- 雑誌
- Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.RV17026, (Released:2018-11-02)
- 参考文献数
- 98
- 被引用文献数
- 52
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a type of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) defined by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and renal failure. aHUS is caused by uncontrolled complement activation in the alternative pathway (AP). A variety of genetic defects in complement-related factors or acquired autoantibodies to the complement regulators have been found in 50 to 60% of all cases. Recently, however, the classification and diagnosis of aHUS are becoming more complicated. One reason for this is that some factors, which have not been regarded as complement-related factors, have been reported as predisposing factors for phenotypic aHUS. Given that genotype is highly correlated with the phenotype of aHUS, careful analysis of underlying genetic abnormalities or acquired factors is needed to predict the prognosis or to decide an optimal treatment for the disease. Another reason is that complement dysregulation in the AP have also been found in a part of other types of TMA such as transplantation-related TMA and pregnancy-related complication. Based on these findings, it is now time to redefine aHUS according to the genetic or acquired background of abnormalities.Here, we review the pathogeneses and the corresponding phenotypes of aHUS and complement-related TMAs.
- 著者
- Yuko Yamada Shuji Takabayashi Hideki Kato Kenji Ishiwata Naohiro Watanabe Erika Sasaki Sonoko Habu
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2017.01219, (Released:2018-01-15)
- 参考文献数
- 29
The in vivo model of pollinosis has been established using rodents, but the model cannot completely mimic human pollinosis. We used Callithrix jacchus, the common marmoset (CM), to establish a pollinosis animal model using intranasal weekly administration of cedar pollen extract with cholera toxin adjuvant. Some of the treated CMs exhibited the symptoms of snitching, excess nasal mucus and/or sneezing, but the period was very short, and the symptoms disappeared after several weeks. The CD4+CD25+ cell ratio in the peripheral blood increased in CMs quickly after the nasal administration of cedar pollen extract, but the timing was not parallel with the symptoms. IL-10 mRNA was enhanced in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), suggesting CM-induced tolerance for cedar pollen administration. Similarly, Foxp3 mRNA was also detected in the PBMC. Additive sensitization of these CMs with Ascaris egg administration did not enhance chronic inflammation of type 1 allergy to induce the symptoms. These results suggest that the environmental immune cells develop transient allergic symptoms and subsequent immune-tolerance in the intranasally sensitized CMs.
- 著者
- Yosuke Isoyama Atomu Sugimura Kazuyoshi Nada Hideki Kato Hatsuyoshi Kitamura
- 出版者
- The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science
- 雑誌
- The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.QH-029, (Released:2023-03-09)
Supplemental interlighting is a technique to improve horticultural light conditions. However, optimal methods for energy-efficient supplemental lighting are not yet established. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of supplemental light canopy position during the tomato fruit enlargement stage on photosynthetic function and aboveground dry-matter weight. A supplementary interlighting module was fixed at the initial irradiation position, then the irradiation position for three other modules were raised to 10 cm above each fruit truss at different developmental stages. These stages were the early enlargement stage (ES), from flowering until the first fruit reached a diameter of 10 mm, then the vigorously enlarging stage (VES), with tomato fruit diameter from 10 to 30 mm, and the late enlargement stage (LS) with a tomato fruit diameter greater than 30 mm. Cultivation was carried out using a D-tray system with a planting density of 5.5 plants·m−2. The LED supplemental interlighting reduced specific leaf area (SLA), altering the plant canopy structure. This increased the canopy light transmittance from 40% to 70% at 20 cm from the canopy and from 20% to 40% at 40 cm from the canopy, especially during the ES. The total chlorophyll (Chl) content of leaves was higher under all irradiated treatments compared to the untreated control. However, Chl a/b ratios decreased for all treatments except in leaves under continuous LED irradiation. The maximum photosynthetic rate was higher in leaves closer to the supplemental interlighting exposure, but was lower in the 17th and 13th leaves at 6 μmol·m2·s−1 and 4 μmol·m2·s−1, respectively. Fruit dry-matter weight increased significantly to 143.2–156.5 g in all supplemental interlighting treatments compared with 119.6 g for the control. Interlighting treatment during VES achieved the highest yield and the greatest increase in fruit and total dry-matter weight. Therefore, VES-irradiation is most efficient to increase dry-matter weight.