著者
William K.K. Wu Chi Hin Cho
出版者
(公社)日本薬理学会
雑誌
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences (ISSN:13478613)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.94, no.4, pp.348-358, 2004 (Released:2004-04-20)
参考文献数
105
被引用文献数
22 46

Increasing use of tobacco and its related health problems are a great concern in the world. Recent epidemiological findings have demonstrated the positive association between cigarette smoking and several gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, including peptic ulcer and cancers. Interestingly, smoking also modifies the disease course of ulcerative colitis (UC). Nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, seems to mediate some of the actions of cigarette smoking on the pathogenesis of GI disorders. Nicotine worsens the detrimental effects of aggressive factors and attenuates the protective actions of defensive factors in the processes of development and repair of gastric ulceration. Nicotine also takes part in the initiation and promotion of carcinogenesis in the GI tract. In this regard, nicotine and its metabolites are found to be mutagenic and have the ability to modulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis during tumoriogenesis through specific receptors and signalling pathways. However, to elucidate this complex pathogenic mechanism, further study at the molecular level is warranted. In contrast, findings of clinical trials give promising results on the use of nicotine as an adjuvant therapy for UC. The beneficial effect of nicotine on UC seems to be mediated through multiple mechanisms. More clinical studies are needed to establish the therapeutic value of nicotine in this disease.
著者
安野 正之 W. W. MACDONALD C. F. CURTIS K. K. GROVER P. K. RAJAGOPALAN L. S. SHARWA V. P. SHARMA D. SINGH K. R. P. SINGH H. V. AGARWAL S. J. KAZMI P. K. B. MENON R. MENON R. K. RAZDAN D. SAMUEL V. VAIDYANATHAN
出版者
The Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology
雑誌
衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.4, pp.325-343, 1978-12-15 (Released:2016-09-05)
被引用文献数
7 21

雄のネッタイイエカがチオテパで処理され, 1日あたり15万匹から30万匹が5カ月半にわたってデリー近郊の村に放逐された。村の周囲3km幅の地域にあるネッタイイエカ幼虫の生息場所は殺虫剤で処理され, 実験期間中成虫の発生を抑えた。放逐蚊はすべて螢光色素でマークされた。マーク雄と非マーク雄の比はつねに24 : 1より大きかった。不妊雄の交尾競争力がわかっているので, 村内では不妊雄による交尾率が非常に高いことが期待された。野生の雌をつかまえてそれに産ませた卵をしらべた結果, 最初の3週間に野外集団に高いレベルの不妊性をもたらしたことが証明された。しかしその後は不妊性のレベルは低かった。3kmの幼虫生息場所皆無帯は, 周辺からのすでに受精した雌の侵入をはばむことができなかったことを示すいくつかの証拠がある。実験対象とした村の野生のネッタイイエカの密度と比較対照とした別の二つの村の密度を検討すると, 高い不妊性を示した期間は実験対象とした村のネッタイイエカ密度は一時的に減少したように思われる。
著者
edited by K.K. Kawakami
出版者
Macmillan
巻号頁・発行日
1921
著者
by K.K. Kawakami
出版者
Macmillan
巻号頁・発行日
1919
著者
by K.K. Kawakami
出版者
Macmillan
巻号頁・発行日
1933
著者
by K.K. Kawakami
出版者
Macmillan
巻号頁・発行日
1917
著者
by K.K. Kawakami
出版者
Macmillan
巻号頁・発行日
1921
著者
K.K. Upali Ananda KUMARA
出版者
The Japanese Society of Social Psychology
雑誌
社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, no.1, pp.57-65, 1987-11-20 (Released:2016-11-22)

This study examines the relationship between employee consciousness of the job-related atmosphere and motivation at work. Expectancy theory is used here to develop a framework for the analysis of possible effects. Supportive supervision (`S') and social support of co-workers (`C') are identified as two major factors of employee consciousness of the job-related atmosphere. Employee job awareness regarding its pleasantness and acceptability (`J') is considered here as a moderating variable for the relationship of `S' and `C' with motivation. Several hypotheses are developed upon possible relationships of the above three factors (`S', `C', & `J') and employee motivation. These hypotheses suggest the existence of positive effects of supportive supervision and co-worker social support and their moderating effects due to the pleasantness and acceptability of the job on motivation. A questionnaire survey administered to Japanese manufacturing employees considerably supported the validity of hypotheses. Particularly, the result suggests that the supportiveness of supervision is highly effective in improving employee motivation when the job is perceived rather unacceptable.
著者
Abavare Eric K. K.
巻号頁・発行日
2011

Thesis (Ph. D. in Science)--University of Tsukuba, (A), no. 5952, 2011.12.31
著者
K. K.
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
no.122, 1892-04-26