著者

Takamitsu Waki Masaharu Kodama Midori Akutsu Kiyoshi Namai Masayuki Iigo Takeshi Kurokura Toshiya Yamamoto Kenji Nashima Masayoshi Nakayama Masafumi Yagi

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-096, (Released:2017-09-29)

被引用文献数

1 13

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Double flower and hortensia (mophead) hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.) traits are recessively inherited. Cross breeding of these traits in hydrangea is difficult because it takes about two years from crossing to flowering. In this study, we aimed to obtain DNA linkage markers that would allow accelerated selection of these traits. We used next-generation sequencing to comprehensively collect DNA sequences from the ‘Kirakiraboshi’ with a double flower and lacecap inflorescence and the ‘Frau Yoshimi’ with a single flower and hortensia inflorescence, and designed simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs for map construction. We screened 768 SSR primer pairs in 93 F2 progeny derived from ‘Kirakiraboshi’ and ‘Frau Yoshimi’. We identified 147 loci, which were expanded to 18 linkage groups with a total map length of 980 cM. Linkage analysis identified that both the double flower trait from ‘Kirakiraboshi’ (dKira) and the hortensia trait from ‘Frau Yoshimi’ (hFrau) were located on linkage group KF_4. Detailed linkage analysis using 351 F2 progeny revealed a 34.8 cM map length between the two loci and identified two tightly linked SSR markers, STAB045 for dKira and HS071 for hFrau. Genetic analysis suggested that double flower and hortensia traits are each controlled by a single recessive gene. Together, the linkage map, SSR markers, and genetic information obtained in this study will be useful for future hydrangea breeding.

著者

Kazuki Yamazaki Rika Kitamura Tomohiro Suzuki Takeshi Kurokura Kenji Yamane

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.QH-079, (Released:2023-10-14)

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Gladiolus (Gladiolus spp.) florets exhibit low ethylene sensitivity. Accordingly, the wilting of their tepals is an ethylene-independent process. Both trehalose and cycloheximide can extend the vase life of gladiolus florets. Floral senescence is probably regulated by programmed cell death. However, senescence-related genes have not been thoroughly investigated, except in ethylene-sensitive species. In this study, we analyzed the expression of senescence-associated genes by conducting transcriptome (RNA-seq) analysis. First, we examined the effects of 0.1 M trehalose (Tre), 300 μM cycloheximide (CHI), and 50 μM chloramphenicol (CAP) treatments on postharvest quality and senescence-related gene expression in gladiolus ‘Fujinoyuki’ cut florets. The Tre and CHI treatments extended the vase life of gladiolus florets by about 1 day, i.e., 30% of Cont. Tepals were sampled at 0 days (0d) and 2 days (2d) post-treatment. The RNA-seq analysis of floret tissues generated 81,136 unique sequences. Moreover, 2,892, 4,670, and 57 differentially expressed genes were identified from the 0d_Control (Cont) vs 2d_Cont, 2d_Cont vs 2d_CHI, and 2d_Cont vs 2d_Tre comparisons, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis suggested that cysteine-type endopeptidase activity was significantly higher for 2d_Cont than for 0d. Additionally, the 0d vs 2d_Cont comparison showed the cell wall-related GO terms were more enriched for 2d_Cont. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed an increase in the expression of sucrose synthesis-related genes in the 2d_Cont samples. Among the genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, the genes mediating cell wall degradation were more actively expressed in the 2d_Cont samples than in the 2d_CHI samples. The fragments per kilobase per million reads (FPKM) values were used to select candidate senescence-related gene families, including the cysteine protease, invertase, peroxidase, pectinesterase, and transcription factor (NAC [no apical meristem (NAM), Arabidopsis transcription activation factor (ATAF), and cup-shaped cotyledon (CUC)] and WRKY) families. The expression levels of transcription factor genes, including NAC 048, 68, 073 and WRKY 6, 11, 24, were validated by qPCR. The expression of these NAC and WRKY transcription factor genes was upregulated by CHI, suggesting their involvement in senescence or side reactions in gladiolus tepals. This study revealed several candidate genes and associated GO terms for senescence of cut florets, but further study is needed, especially on key genes, including transcription factors.

著者

Kenji Yamane Kitaro Sumida Yuri Terui Nagisa Kojima Chairat Burana Takeshi Kurokura

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-151, (Released:2018-02-08)

被引用文献数

2

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Temperature regimes that cause malformed flowers were examined and histological observation was carried out at the developmental stage of flowers by using mutants of the potted carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) ‘Cherry’ producing malformed flowers according to cultivation season. Plants of normal (WT) and malformed (mlf) lines were grown under several temperature regimes. All WT plants produced normal flowers, whereas mlf lines showed a variety of malformed floral phenotypes, including phyllody-like proliferated sepaloids, proliferated petaloids, proliferated pistillodes with or without petals, secondary flower formation, and a flattened receptacle. In Experiment 1, mlf plants produced no malformed flowers when grown under constant 26°C, whereas 34.2% of mlf plants produced malformed flowers at 14–16/12°C (day/night, natural light). Malformation frequency was slightly lower at a night temperature of 5°C compared with 14–16/12°C. When malformed mlf plants were transferred from 17/5°C to 23/18°C, flower malformation was alleviated. Conversely, when mlf plants grown under constant 26°C with a normal phenotype were transferred to 17/12°C, flower malformation was induced. Thus, flower malformation was reversible depending on the temperature regime. In Experiment 2, 92.2% of mlf plants produced malformed flowers under constant 15°C, whereas 3.1% and 1.3% showed flower malformation when grown under constant 20°C and 25/20°C, respectively. These findings suggested that the threshold for flower malformation is between 15°C and 20°C. Observation of shoot apices by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed morphological differences between WT and mlf after sepal formation. Petal primordia were not visible in mlf plants at 15°C, although petal primordia were initiated in WT. After this stage, flower malformations observed in mlf included undeveloped petals, undeveloped or irregularly developed stamens, secondary flower primordia formation, and completely irregular arrangement of undeveloped flower organs. No phytoplasma was detected by PCR, indicating that it could not be the causal agent of the abnormal phenotypes. This is the first report of mutant flower phenotypes dependent on temperature and induced by only a 5°C difference within optimal growing-temperature regimes in carnations.