著者

日野川 静枝

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.238, pp.81-91, 2006-06-01

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

2

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The World War II broke out in Europe in 1939, and the United States set up the National Defense Research Committee on June in 1940. On April 3,1940, the Meeting of Trustees of the Rockefeller Foundation decided on a grant of $1,150,000 to support the construction of a new 184-inch cyclotron at the University of California. This paper elucidates the process leading up to that decision. The decision-making process can be divided into three stages : The first, beginning in October 1939, saw initial enthusiasm for the giant cyclotron project; the second, lasting until February 1940, involved changes in the Foundation's internal circumstances and limitations on funding; the third, which began in early February 1940, saw specific steps toward the materialization of Foundation support for the project. Doubtlessly, Lawrence's supporters tangibly and intangibly influenced the Rockefeller Foundation's decision to support the construction of the giant cyclotron. The decision-making process, however, seems to shed light on the Foundation's grant-making plans or grant-making policy. That is, the Foundation was deeply involved in drawing up the plans from the start, and provided grants for carefully-selected, large-scale, and long-range projects in the fields it was interested in. The giant cyclotron project, for which single-source support was an important issue, seems to be one such case.

著者

甲子 雅代

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.191, pp.143-151, 1994-09-27

著者

加藤 博雄

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.187, pp.157-161, 1993-09-28

参考文献数

39

著者

辻 哲夫

出版者

岩波書店

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

no.34, pp.5-11, 1955-04

著者

古川 安

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.253, pp.11-21, 2010-03-25

参考文献数

108

---

Umeko Tsuda (1864-1929), a pioneering educator for Japanese women and the founder of Tsuda College, was a scientist. As an English teacher at the Peeresses School in Tokyo, the young Tsuda was granted a leave of absence by the government to study "teaching method" at Bryn Mawr College, a women's college near Philadelphia. During her stay in Bryn Mawr (1889-1892), however, she majored not in pedagogy but in biology, despite the fact that the Peeresses School officially banned science education for noble women. Following the vision of the feminist Dean Carrey Thomas, Bryn Mawr College offered full-fledged professional education in science comparable to that of Johns Hopkins University. Bryn Mawr's Biology Department was growing; there, Tsuda took courses from such notable biologists as Edmund B. Wilson, Jacques Loeb, and the future Nobel Laureate Thomas H. Morgan. In her third year, under Morgan, she carried out experimental research on the development of the frog's egg, which was published in a British scientific journal as their joint paper two years later. Tsuda was considered one of the best students in the department, and Bryn Mawr offered her opportunities for further study. However, after much consideration, she chose to return to Japan. Although Tsuda gave up a possibly great career as a biologist in American academe, she knew that it was almost impossible for a woman to pursue a scientific career in Meiji Japan and wanted to develop her dream of establishing an English school for women. Her experience of "forbidden" scientific study at Bryn Mawr seems to have given her great confidence in realizing her feminist ideal of enlightening Japanese women at the women's school she founded in 1900, the forerunner of Tsuda College.

著者

河村 豊

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.229, pp.48-50, 2004-03-25

参考文献数

6

著者

永野 宏 佐納 康治

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.203, pp.162-168, 1997-09-29

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

3

著者

笹本 征男

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 [第2期] (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.249, pp.56-58, 2009

著者

矢島 祐利

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 第(0xF9C2)期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.119, pp.p113-121, 1976-09

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Die Zeitschrift, Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences (no. 94,1974) verkuundigte den Tod von Dr. A. Maier, einer hervorlagenden Gelehrtin aus Deutschland, die in Rom lebte und dort starb. Ihr weitbekanntes, funfbandiges Hauptwerk, "Studien zur Naturphilosophie der Spatscholastik" (Rom, 1940-1958) besteht and folgenden Banden: I. Die Vorlaufer des Galileis im 14. Jahrhundert, (1940; 2. Aufl. 1949); II. Zwei Grundprobleme der scholastischen Naturphilosophie (1950; 2Aufl. 1951); III. An der Grenze von Scholastik, und Naturwissenschaft (1951; 2. Aufl. 1952); IV. Metaphysische Hintergrunde der Spatscholastischen Naturphilosophie (1955) und V. Zwischen Philosophie und Mechanik (1958). Es ist ein grossztigiges und wunderbares Werk, das insgesamt 1800 Seiten hat, kostete mir 3 Jahre durchzulesen. Es war Pierre Duhem (1861-1916), der Wissenschaftsgeschichte des spaten Mittelalters eine Reihe bahnbrechender Forschungen beitrug, obgleich er dabei eine etwaige ubertreibung nicht zn umgehen vermochte. Dr. A. Maier untersuchte aufs neue die Originaltexte, Manuskripte sowie Gedruckte, wobei die Sammlung der vatikanischen Bibliothek zu ihrer Verfugung stand. Zu bemerken ist es, dass sie die ubertriebungen Duhems in vielen Punkten berichtigte. Beispielsweise schatzte Duhem Albert von Sachsen als Beforder der Impetustheorie sehr hoch, die aber nach Dr. Maier nur als ein Gemisch von Buridans und Oresmes von Albert dar gestellt wurde. Ist das wirklich so? Es scheint mir noch ein Problem zu sein. Dennoch interessiert uns das Werk Maiers sehr, und zwar vor allem deswegen, weil sie aus originellen Texten Alberts und sonstiger Schriftsteller zahlreiche Zitate darbietet, die une nicht nahe liegen. Leider fehlt es den gesamten Bandern das Namenregister.

著者

石山 洋

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.221, pp.44-45, 2002-06-27

著者

渡辺 正雄

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 [第2期] (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

no.84, pp.191-194, 1967-10

著者

矢野 道雄

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 第(0xF9C2)期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.118, pp.p93-98, 1976-06

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The basis for the study of Indian Astronomy and Calendar was founded by such pioneers in the last century as Colebrooke, Weber, Burgess, and Thibaut. But they found no successors in this field untill recently when Prof. 0. Neugebauer, based on his interpretation of the astronomical cuneiform texts, approached to the Indian materials. More recently Prof. D. Pingree undertook further and more detailed study of Sanskrit astronomical texts with his knowledge of both Sanskrit and the history of classical astronomy. The pourpose of the present essay is to show the Japanese reader the Five Year Cycle of the oldest Indian Calendar or the hotisavedanga, eventually illustrating how the recent works of Neugebauer and Pingree are indispensable in this field of the history of science. The contents of the paper are I. The Text: Comparison of Rk- and Yajur- recensions of the Vedangajyotisa. II. The Five Year Cycle: Pingree's interpretation of 366 sidereal, not civil, days in a year. III. Naksalras: Where do they begin? IV. The length of daylight: Babylonian Origin. V. The first days of the each ayana: How they are obtained. The intercalary month of each 5 ayanas. VI. Conclusion: Inaccuracy of the edic calendar.

著者

佐藤 英二

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.209, pp.27-35, 1999-03-25

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

1

著者

全 相運

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 [第2期] (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

no.66, pp.49-57, 1963-04

著者

全 相運

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 [第2期] (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.87, pp.148-150, 1968-09

著者

安孫子 誠也

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.187, pp.162-165, 1993-09-28

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

著者

佐藤 利夫

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.265, pp.24-28, 2013-03-26

参考文献数

15

著者

三浦 伸夫

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.188, pp.233-234, 1994-02-17

著者

山崎 正勝

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.249, pp.11-21, 2009-03-25

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In the early years of the Cold War, both the United States and the Soviet Union used their nuclear power technology as a diplomatic tool for expanding their political influence on respective friendly nations. On December 8, 1953, the United States initiated a new international nuclear program with President Dwight D. Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace Address" before the General Assembly of the United Nations. This program regarded Japan as one of the most promising countries that could introduce nuclear power plants since it consumed a huge amount of energy while being short of natural resources. This paper studies the historical process of the atomic energy agreement between Japan and the US in 1955 using declassified documents in both countries. It shows that in spite of various proposals of the introduction of nuclear power plants into Japan including that of Congressman Sydney Yates, the final agreement was only for research reactors because American authorities felt that such proposals might mean an admission of US guilt in atomic bombing. It also argues that the agreement was one of steps toward the hegemony of bureaucrats and politicians in Japanese nuclear policy that made the leadership of scientists, especially those of the Science Council of Japan, decline.

著者

栗原 岳史

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.258, pp.65-76, 2011-06-24

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After the end of the Second World War, the U.S. military services began to support basic research in ivilian institutions. They officially stated that they would transfer their basic research programs to the National Science Foundation (NSF), once it was established. But in fact they did not. This paper has analyzed the institutional processes in which the U.S. military services continued to support basic research after the establishment of the NSF. In July 1946, the US Army and Navy jointly established the Research and Development Board (RDB) to coordinate Their R & D activities. They appointed Vannevar Bush, a famous civilian scientific administrator and the director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development during the war, as Chairman of the RDB. Bush and some military officials attempted to set up a defense research division in the NSF, but they did not succeeded because President Truman vetoed in August 1947 the bill that they had proposed. As a result, the NSF was established without any military research divisions. Following the veto, debates continued among the military officials whether they should continue to support basic research programs in civilian institutions or transfer such support entirely to the NSF. During meetings of the RDB between 1948 and 1951, the decision was made that the military services would continue to support basic research even after the establishment of the NSF.