著者

C. Upendra PRASAD S. M. BOSE

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.97-102, 1974 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

3 4

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Young weanling albino rats were pair fed with control and thiamine deficient diets for five weeks. The analyses of skins and granulomas showed that, compared with the control, the thiamine deficient group had a decrease in the neutral salt soluble, insoluble, and total collagen contents. The incorporation of glycine-1-14C into the skin collagen and the free glycine content of skins were also decreased. There was no change in the RNA and DNA contents of skins and granulomas. The urinary excretion of hydroxyproline or plasma hydroxyproline was not affected. The results suggest that there is a reduction of collagen synthesis in thiamine deficiency.

著者

Natsuko SOGABE Rieko MARUYAMA Takayuki HOSOI Masae GOSEKI-SONE

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.3, pp.219-224, 2007 (Released:2007-11-27)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

17 24

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Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) hydrolyzes a variety of monophosphate esters into inorganic phosphoric acid and alcohol at a high optimal pH, and is thought to play an important role in phosphate metabolism. Intestinal ALP, located at the brush border of intestinal epithelial cells, is known to be affected by several kinds of nutrients, but little is known about the physiological function of intestinal ALP. Vitamin K is an essential cofactor for the post-translational carboxylation of glutamate residues into gamma-carboxy glutamate (Gla). Recently, novel functions of vitamin K have been clarified, but no data exist on the relation between vitamin K and intestinal ALP. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of both vitamin Ks (K1: phylloquinone, and K2: menaquinone) on ALP activity. Sprague-Dawley rats (6-wk-old) were divided into three groups: a control, phylloquinone (PK: 600 mg/kg diet), or menaquinone-4 (MK-4: 600 mg/kg diet) diet group. After 3 mo of feeding, we measured intestinal ALP activity by dividing it into five segments. In each segment, both PK and MK-4 increased intestinal ALP activity. The levels of intestinal ALP activity in the duodenum and proximal jejunum from the PK group were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the levels of intestinal ALP activity from the proximal jejunum and distal ileum of the intestine in the MK group were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05). In this study, we clarified for the first time that both vitamin K1 and K2 as nutritional factors enhance intestinal ALP activity.

著者

Sakiko ABE Osamu EZAKI Motohisa SUZUKI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.133-140, 2017 (Released:2017-05-26)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

20

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The combined supplementation of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), L-leucine-rich amino acids, and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) increase muscle strength and function in frail elderly individuals. However, their effects on cognition are unknown. We enrolled 38 elderly nursing home residents (mean age±SD, 86.6±4.8 y) in a 3-mo randomized, controlled, parallel group trial. The participants were randomly allocated to 3 groups: the first group received a L-leucine (1.2 g)- and cholecalciferol (20 μg)-enriched supplement with 6 g of MCT (LD+MCT); the second group received the same supplement with 6 g of long-chain triglycerides (LD+LCT); and the third group did not receive any supplements (control). Cognition was assessed at baseline and after the 3-mo intervention. The difference in changes among the groups was assessed with ANCOVA, adjusting for age and the baseline value as covariates. After 3 mo, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score in the LD+MCT group increased by 10.6% (from 16.6 to 18.4 points, p<0.05). After 3 mo, the Nishimura geriatric rating scale for mental status (NM scale) score in the LD+MCT group increased by 30.6% (from 24.6 to 32.2 points, p<0.001), whereas that in the LD+LCT and control groups decreased by 11.2% (from 31.2 to 27.7 points, p<0.05) and 26.1% (from 27.2 to 20.1 points, p<0.001), respectively. The combined supplementation of MCTs (6 g), L-leucine-rich amino acids, and cholecalciferol may improve cognitive function in frail elderly individuals.

著者

Jisu KIM Jonghoon PARK Kiwon LIM

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.3, pp.141-161, 2016 (Released:2016-07-26)

参考文献数

194

被引用文献数

41

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Athletes make great efforts to increase their endurance capacity in many ways. Using nutrition supplements for stimulating lipolysis is one such strategy to improve endurance performance. These supplements contain certain ingredients that affect fat metabolism; furthermore, in combination with endurance training, they tend to have additive effects. A large body of scientific evidence shows that nutrition supplements increase fat metabolism; however, the usefulness of lipolytic supplements as ergogenic functional foods remains controversial. The present review will describe the effectiveness of lipolytic supplements in fat metabolism and as an ergogenic aid for increasing endurance exercise capacity. There are a number of lipolytic supplements available on the market, but this review focuses on natural ingredients such as caffeine, green tea extract, L-carnitine, Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid), capsaicin, ginseng, taurine, silk peptides and octacosanol, all of which have shown scientific evidence of enhancing fat metabolism associated with improving endurance performance. We excluded some other supplements owing to lack of data on fat metabolism or endurance capacity. Based on the data in this review, we suggest that a caffeine and green tea extract improves endurance performance and enhances fat oxidation. Regarding other supplements, the data on their practical implications needs to be gathered, especially for athletes.

著者

Shiori WAKISAKA Hajime NAGAI Emi MURA Takehiro MATSUMOTO Toshio MORITANI Narumi NAGAI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.5, pp.333-338, 2012 (Released:2013-01-17)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

15 16

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Although previous reports suggested that carbonated water drinking was effective against gastrointestinal symptoms, there is little information about the effects of carbonated water on gastric and appetite sensation. We therefore investigated the effect of carbonated water on short-term fullness with respect to gastric and cardiac responses in 19 healthy young women. Each subject was tested on three separate days at approximately 9 a.m. after an overnight fast. Gastric motility, evaluated by electrogastrography (EGG) and heart rate (HR), was measured for 20 min in the fasting state and 40 min after ingestion of water. Preloads consisted of an equivalent amount (250 mL) of water (W) or carbonated water (CW) and no drinking (blank). Fullness scores were measured using visual analog scales. To determine gastric motility, we assessed the component of bradygastria (1-2 cycles/min [cpm]), normogastria (2-4 cpm), tachygastria (4-9 cpm), and dominant frequency of the EGG power spectrum. After ingestion of CW, significant increases in fullness scores were observed compared with W. All postprandial EGG powers were significantly greater than preprandial, but no group difference was found. However, a dominant frequency tended to shift toward a lower band after ingestion of W. A significantly higher HR was found following consumption of CW as opposed to W. Multiple regression analysis revealed that increased HR was a significant variable contributing to the variances in fullness after ingestion of CW at 40 min. Our data suggest that CW may induce a short-term, but significant, satiating effect through enhanced postprandial gastric and cardiac activities due possibly to the increased sympathetic activity and/or withdrawal of parasympathetic activity.

著者

Da HU Li ZHANG Rong JIANG Cuiting LIAO Juanjuan XU Shifang JIANG Yongqiang YANG Ling LIN Jiayi HUANG Yi SHEN Li TANG Longjiang LI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.3, pp.145-152, 2021-06-30 (Released:2021-06-30)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

9

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Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) overdose causes hepatotoxicity, even liver failure, and oxidative stress plays pivotal role in its pathogenesis. Nicotinic acid (NA) is one form of vitamin B3, which has been used to treat a series of diseases in clinic for decades. To date, several studies have evidenced that NA has anti-oxidative property. Therefore, NA may have the hepatoprotective potential against APAP-induced toxicity. Here, our aim was to investigate the beneficial effect of NA against hepatotoxicity induced by APAP and its mechanism in vivo. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with NA (100 mg/kg) 3 times at 24, 12 and 1 h before APAP (600 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg) challenge. The results showed that pretreatment of NA markedly improved the survival rate, alleviated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and mitigated the histopathological injuries compared to APAP-exposed mice. Furthermore, NA significantly elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) content, while reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Finally, the signaling pathway was probed. The western blot revealed that NA up-regulated Sirtuin1 (Sirt1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase-1 (NQO-1) expression and down-regulated Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) level in liver followed APAP exposure, implying Sirt1/Nrf2 axis exerted an essential role in the protective mechanism of NA on APAP toxicity. In brief, pretreatment of NA effectively protects liver against hepatotoxicity due to overdose of APAP through an antioxidant dependent manner modulated by Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

著者

Yuya ASHITOMI Tsuneo KONTA Fuyuhiko MOTOI Masahumi WATANABE Takamasa KAYAMA Yoshiyuki UENO

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.4, pp.270-275, 2022-08-31 (Released:2022-08-31)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1

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The element magnesium (Mg) is involved in various metabolic reactions within the human body, and its deficiency is considered a risk factor for several diseases. In this study, we investigated the relationship between serum Mg levels and mortality in a community-based population. We prospectively assessed the association between serum Mg levels at enrollment and all-cause mortality in 1,314 participants who underwent a community health examination. The mean serum Mg level was 2.4 (±0.2) mg/dL. Patients with serum Mg levels ≤2.3 mg/dL constituted the low Mg group, while those with serum Mg ≥2.4 mg/dL constituted the high Mg group. Ninety-three (7.1%) patients died during the 10-y follow-up period. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that all-cause mortality was significantly higher in the low Mg group (log-rank p<0.05). Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed a significant association in the unadjusted model (hazard ratio [HR] 1.72, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.14–2.58, p<0.01) and in the fully adjusted model (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.09–2.76, p<0.05). This association was particularly strong in males (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.19–3.63, p<0.05). Low serum Mg levels were significantly associated with the risk of all-cause mortality among males in a community-based Japanese population.

著者

Daisuke FURUSHIMA Ibuki SUGIYAMA Yuzuki NOMURA Keiko UNNO Hiroshi YAMADA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.6, pp.540-546, 2022-12-31 (Released:2022-12-31)

参考文献数

30

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l-Theanine, the most abundant amino acid component in green tea, has anti-stress effects and refreshes the mental state. A recent study demonstrated that l-arginine, the second most abundant amino acid in green tea, might enhance the anti-stress effects of l-theanine. The aim of this study was to evaluated the effects of combined ingestion of l-theanine and l-arginine on psychological stress in humans. A randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted including 120 healthy young adults (mean age 22.4 y, 63.3% female). Subjects were randomly assigned to theanine (200 mg l-theanine), combined theanine/arginine (200 mg l-theanine, 50 mg l-arginine), or placebo groups. After consuming a test beverage, we administered a stress-loading test (Uchida-Kraepelin performance test) and performed salivary alpha-amylase activity (sAA) measurements to assess the physiological stress response at 0 min (immediately after), 5 min, and 15 min. The changes in sAA at 15 min after the stress-loading test were −2.75 (11.2) kIU/L in the theanine/arginine group, −0.40 (11.5) kIU/L in the theanine group, and 6.95 (18.6) kIU/L in the placebo group. The values in the theanine/arginine (p=0.007) and theanine (p=0.02) groups differed significantly from those in the placebo group. However, the difference between theanine/arginine and theanine groups, was not statistically significant (p=0.74). From this study, no clear conclusion could be drawn regarding the potentiating effect of theanine and arginine combined ingestion on anti-stress effects in human.

著者

Yuka TAKINO Hitoshi AOKI Yoshitaka KONDO Akihito ISHIGAMI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.4, pp.296-299, 2020-08-31 (Released:2020-08-31)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

2 2

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Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is a fruit containing abundant ascorbic acid (AsA) and numerous functional phytochemicals. We previously reported that the intake of acerola juice increased the absorption of AsA in plasma of healthy Japanese subjects. The functional phytochemicals in acerola may influence the intestinal epithelial cells to increase the cellular uptake of AsA. Therefore, in this study, we compared the AsA uptake into Caco-2 cells between AsA alone and that in acerola juice at the same concentration using a human intestinal model. Caco-2 cells were incubated with 3 mM AsA and 3 mM AsA in acerola juice. Intracellular AsA contents gradually increased until 24 h upon incubation with both AsA alone and AsA in acerola juice; however, these contents when incubated with AsA in acerola juice, were significantly higher than those incubated with AsA alone at 2, 3, 4, 8, and 24 h. Furthermore, the mRNA expression level of the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter (SVCT) 1 was significantly higher in the cells incubated with AsA in acerola juice than those incubated with AsA alone. Moreover, polyphenols such as cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride and quercetin enhanced the SVCT1 gene expression in Caco-2 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that acerola polyphenols enhances the SVCT1 gene expression in Caco-2 cells and promotes AsA uptake.

著者

Fumio WATANABE Shigeo TAKENAKA Hiromi KITTAKA-KATSURA Shuhei EBARA Emi MIYAMOTO

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.5, pp.325-331, 2002 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

43 90 76

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Substantial amounts of vitamin B12 were found in some edible algae (green and purple layers) and algal health food (chlorella and spirulina tablets) using the Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis ATCC7830 microbiological assay method. Corrinoidcompounds were purified and characterized from these algae to clarify the chemical properties and bioavailability of the algal vitamin B12. True vitamin B12 is the predominate cobamide of green and purple layers and chlorella tablets. Feeding the purple layer to vitamin B12-deficient rats significantly improved the vitamin B12 status. The results suggest that algal vitamin B12 is a bioavailable source for mammals. Pseudovitamin B12 (an inactive corrinoid) predominated in the spirulina tablets, which are not suitable for use as a vitamin B12 source, especially for vegetarians.

著者

Yi ZHANG Hisamine KOBAYASHI Kazunori MAWATARI Juichi SATO Gustavo BAJOTTO Yasuyuki KITAURA Yoshiharu SHIMOMURA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.114-117, 2011 (Released:2011-04-22)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

19 28 8

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The present study was conducted to examine alterations in the concentrations of plasma free amino acids, glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFAs), and urea nitrogen induced by branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation in young men. Overnight-fasted subjects ingested drinks containing 1 or 5 g of a BCAA mixture (weight ratio of 1 : 2.3 : 1.2 for isoleucine : leucine : valine), and blood was intermittently collected for 3 h after ingestion. Ingestion of the BCAA mixture resulted in significant increases in the plasma concentrations of individual BCAAs, corresponding to the amounts of amino acids ingested. On the other hand, plasma concentrations of methionine and aromatic amino acids tended to decrease in the trial with 5 g BCAAs, suggesting that BCAA ingestion affects the metabolism of these amino acids. The ingestion of BCAAs temporarily increased plasma insulin levels and affected plasma concentrations of FFAs, but had almost no effect on glucose or urea nitrogen.

著者

Yumiko TAKAHASHI Yutaka MATSUNAGA Yuki TAMURA Shin TERADA Hideo HATTA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.5, pp.323-330, 2017 (Released:2017-12-08)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

4

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Previous studies have shown that the short-term intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) impairs glucose metabolism. In this study, we investigated the influences of pre-exercise HFD intake for 3 d on post-exercise glycogen repletion in skeletal muscle in ICR mice. Mice received either an HFD (57% kcal from fat, 23% kcal from carbohydrate; HFD group) or standard laboratory chow (13% kcal from fat, 60% kcal from carbohydrate; Con group) for 3 d before exercise. Mice performed treadmill running at 25 m/min for 60 min and were orally administered a glucose (2 mg/g body weight) solution immediately after and at 60 min after exercise. A negative main effect of pre-exercise HFD intake was observed for skeletal muscle glycogen concentration from the pre-exercise phase to 120 min of post-exercise recovery (p<0.01). Blood glucose concentration in the HFD group was significantly higher than in the Con group at 120 min after exercise (p<0.01). No significant difference was observed in plasma insulin concentration. There were no significant between-group differences in the phosphorylation state of Akt Thr308, AMPK Thr172, AS160 Thr642, or glycogen synthase Ser641 or in glucose transporter 4 protein levels during post-exercise recovery. Our results suggest that the intake of a pre-exercise HFD for 3 d affects post-exercise glycogen repletion in skeletal muscle without impairing the insulin signaling cascade.

著者

Kazuyo TUJIOKA Panicha THANAPREEDAWAT Takashi YAMADA Hidehiko YOKOGOSHI Kenji HORIE Mujo KIM Kazumi TSUTSUI Kazutoshi HAYASE

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.60-65, 2014 (Released:2014-04-24)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1 1

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The brain protein synthesis and the plasma concentration of growth hormone (GH) is sensitive to the dietary γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in ovariectomized female rats; however, the role of dietary GABA on biomarkers including nerve growth factor (NGF) and choline acetyltransferase for the function of cholinergic neurons remains unknown in ovariectomized female rats. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the dietary GABA affects the concentration and mRNA level of NGF, and the activity of choline acetyltransferase in the brains of ovariectomized female rats. Experiments were done on two groups of 24-wk-old ovariectomized female rats given 0 or 0.5% GABA added to a 20% casein diet. The concentrations of NGF and activities of choline acetyltransferase in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and mRNA level of NGF in the hippocampus increased significantly with the 20% casein+0.5% GABA compared with the 20% casein diet alone. In the hippocampus, the mRNA level of NGF significantly correlated with the NGF concentration (r=0.714, p<0.01). These results suggest that the administration of GABA to ovariectomized female rats is likely to control the mRNA level and concentration of NGF and cause an increase in the activity of choline acetyltransferase in the brains.

著者

Diego Fernando GARCIA-DIAZ Patricia LOPEZ-LEGARREA Pablo QUINTERO Jose Alfredo MARTINEZ

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.6, pp.367-379, 2014 (Released:2015-04-06)

参考文献数

115

被引用文献数

16 76

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Obesity has emerged as one of the major health threats worldwide. Moreover, an excessive body fat accumulation, which defines this disease, could lead to several associated clinical manifestations such as cardiovascular events, type 2 diabetes, inflammation, and some types of cancer. The appearance of these co-morbidities has been often related to an unbalanced oxidative stress. Therefore, antioxidant-based treatments could be considered as interesting approaches to possibly counteract obesity fat accumulation complications. In this context, it has been observed that vitamin C intake (ascorbic acid) is negatively associated with the occurrence of several conditions such as hypertension, gallbladder disease, stroke, cancers, and atherosclerosis, and also with the onset of obesity in humans and animals. Among the possible beneficial effects of ascorbic acid on obesity-related mechanisms, it has been suggested that this vitamin may: (a) modulate adipocyte lipolysis; (b) regulate the glucocorticoid release from adrenal glands; (c) inhibit glucose metabolism and leptin secretion on isolated adipocytes; (d) lead to an improvement in hyperglycemia and decrease glycosylation in obese-diabetic models; and (e) reduce the inflammatory response. Possibly, all these features could be related with the outstanding antioxidant characteristics of this vitamin. Thus, the present article reviews the up-to-date evidence regarding in vitro and in vivo effects of vitamin C in obesity and its co-morbidities.

著者

Tetsuo IIDA Yuka KISHIMOTO Yuko YOSHIKAWA Noriko HAYASHI Kazuhiro OKUMA Mikiko TOHI Kanako YAGI Tatsuhiro MATSUO Ken IZUMORI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.6, pp.511-514, 2008 (Released:2009-01-20)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

43 94

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An examination was conducted to verify D-psicose suppressed the elevation of blood glucose and insulin concentration in a dose-dependent manner under the concurrent administration of maltodextrin and D-psicose to healthy humans. Twenty subjects aged 20-39 y, 11 males and 9 females were recruited. A load test of oral maltodextrin was conducted as a randomized single blind study. The subjects took one of five test beverages (7.5 g D-psicose alone, 75 g maltodextrin alone, 75 g maltodextrin +2.5, 5 or 7.5 g D-psicose). Blood was collected before an intake and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after an intake. Intervals of administration were at least 1 wk. The load test with 75 g maltodextrin showed significant suppressions of the elevation of blood glucose and insulin concentration under the doses of 5 g or more D-psicose with dose dependency. An independent administration of 7.5 g D-psicose had no influence on blood glucose or insulin concentration. D-Psicose is considered efficacious in the suppression of the elevation of blood glucose concentration after eating in humans.

著者

Kiyoko WATANABE Hiroko HIRAMINE Toshizo TOYAMA Nobushiro HAMADA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.3, pp.185-191, 2018 (Released:2018-06-30)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

6

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Frequent or persistent malodor (halitosis) represents a considerable embarrassment to those affected. French pine bark extract, Pycnogenol® (PYC), has displayed antibacterial activity against a broad range of bacterial species. In the present study, anticipated benefits of PYC on diminishing halitosis were investigated. Ten healthy males and 11 females, aged 40.1±12.3 y, were recruited based on threshold breath sulfur compounds presence, diagnosed by portable gas chromatography. Subjects were randomly assigned to either sugar-free gums, or gums bearing an additional 2.5 mg PYC per piece. The subjects were required to consume two pieces of PYC or placebo gum six times daily for 15 min. The levels of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), measured by OralChromaTM, and tongue-coating score were recorded at baseline, 2, and 4 wk. Hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria in saliva were cultured on Brucella blood agar plates containing 0.05% cysteine, 0.12% glutathione, and 0.02% lead acetate. The group consuming PYC chewing gum reduced exhaled hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide significantly (p<0.01) after 2 wk versus baseline. Continuation of daily PYC-gum consumption for 4 wk remarkably lowered the tongue-coating score and exhaled hydrogen sulfide was significantly decreased compared to the placebo group. PYC chewing gum significantly reduced hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria in saliva after 4 wk (p<0.01), with no effects observed in the placebo control. The results suggest that PYC chewing gum is effective in reducing oral malodor by decreasing the accumulation of tongue coating and the number of hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria in saliva.

著者

Naoko INABA Toshiro SATO Takatoshi YAMASHITA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.6, pp.471-480, 2015 (Released:2016-02-12)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

34

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Vitamin K is essential for bone health, but the effects of low-dose vitamin K intake in Japanese subjects remain unclear. We investigated the effective minimum daily menaquinone-7 dose for improving osteocalcin γ-carboxylation. Study 1 was a double-blind, randomized controlled dose-finding trial; 60 postmenopausal women aged 50-69 y were allocated to one of four dosage group and consumed 0, 50, 100, or 200 μg menaquinone-7 daily for 4 wk, respectively, with a controlled diet in accordance with recommended daily intakes for 2010 in Japan. Study 2 was a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial based on the results of Study 1; 120 subjects aged 20-69 y were allocated to the placebo or MK-7 group and consumed 0 or 100 μg menaquinone-7 daily for 12 wk, respectively. In both studies, circulating carboxylated osteocalcin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin were measured. The carboxylated osteocalcin/undercarboxylated osteocalcin ratio decreased significantly from baseline in the 0 μg menaquinone-7 group, in which subjects consumed the recommended daily intake of vitamin K with vitamin K1 and menaquinone-4 (Study 1). Menaquinone-7 increased the carboxylated osteocalcin/undercarboxylated osteocalcin ratio dose dependently, and significant effects were observed in both the 100 and 200 μg groups compared with the 0 μg group. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentrations decreased significantly, and the carboxylated osteocalcin/undercarboxylated osteocalcin ratio increased significantly in the 100 μg menaquinone-7 group compared with the placebo group (Study 2). Daily menaquinone-7 intake ≥100 μg was suggested to improve osteocalcin γ-carboxylation.

著者

Dorota PIASECKA-KWIATKOWSKA Jerzy R. WARCHALEWSKI Magdalena ZIELINSKA-DAWIDZIAK Michal MICHALAK

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, pp.217-220, 2012 (Released:2012-08-10)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1 11

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Inhibitor activity against digestive enzymes, such as α-amylase from human saliva and porcine pancreas and trypsin from bovine pancreas, of three cereal grains species were studied as potential components of nutraceuticals strengthening diabetes and obesity treatment. Significant differences were demonstrated: the highest antitryptic activity was found in the grain of the rye varieties studied, whereas the grain of the wheat varieties had significantly higher ability to inhibit α-amylases from human saliva and porcine pancreas. Additionally, seeds of Puma, one of the studied wheat varieties, demonstrated especially low antitryptic activity. Such a beneficial arrangement of inhibitors, i.e. high level of inhibitors of α-amylase from human saliva and porcine pancreas and simultaneously low level of trypsin inhibitors from bovine pancreas, indicate the possibility of the application of seeds with such properties to the preparation of nutraceuticals for people with obesity or suffering from diabetes.

著者

Xi YU Chen YUAN Xueshu SONG Haiying ZHANG

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.6, pp.402-411, 2023-12-31 (Released:2023-12-31)

参考文献数

40

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Previous studies on the relationship between dietary carotenoids and obesity are few, and the results are inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between total carotenoids, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein+zeaxanthin intakes and the risk of obesity in adults. This cross-sectional study was carried out based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018. The two 24-h dietary recall interviews were used to collect dietary carotenoids data. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline were used to assess the relationships between carotenoids intakes and obesity. A total of 25,868 adults aged 20 and over were enrolled in the present study. In multivariate logistic regression model 2, the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of obesity were 0.82 (0.74–0.91), 0.80 (0.72–0.90), 0.77 (0.69–0.87), 0.85 (0.76–0.95), and 0.80 (0.73–0.89) for the highest versus the lowest of total carotenoids, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein+zeaxanthin intakes, respectively. Dose-response analyses suggested that the carotenoids mentioned above were inversely related to obesity in a nonlinear manner. In multivariate-adjusted model 2, total carotenoids intake were associated with lower risk of Class 1, 2, and 3 obesity. This study indicated that intakes of total carotenoids, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein+zeaxanthin were inversely associated with the risk of obesity.

著者

Shiho NAKAI Mariko FUJITA Yasutomi KAMEI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.6, pp.502-507, 2020-12-31 (Released:2020-12-31)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

13 39

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Soybeans contain several physiologically active ingredients, such as soy phytosterol, soyasaponin, soy protein, and lecithin, and are therefore expected to express the functionalities of said ingredients. Among them, soy isoflavones have been studied in recent years for their various functions, including their obesity-preventing effect, blood glucose level reducing effect, osteoporosis and breast cancer risk reduction, and anti-oxidative effect, and several health promoting effects and disease preventing effects are expected. For example, it has been determined that soy isoflavones reduce body and fat weight in experiments in which mice were fed a diet containing soy isoflavones in studies on anti-obesity. Epidemiologic studies with humans have also shown that women who consume more soybeans have lower BMI than those who consume less. We previously found that soy isoflavones may have anti-obesity effects in myoblasts through the activation of transcriptional coactivator PGC-1β, which increases energy expenditure. In recent studies, a decrease in blood glucose level due to soy isoflavone was seen in an experiment in which diabetic model mice were fed a diet containing soy isoflavone. It has also been suggested that soy isoflavone intake may increase bone mineral density in postmenopausal women and reduce the risk of breast cancer. This review focuses on the actions of soy isoflavones known to date, including their anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects, bone loss preventing effects, and cancer risk reduction effects, and introduces reports on the health promotion and disease prevention effects of soy isoflavones.