著者

Kazuyo TUJIOKA Panicha THANAPREEDAWAT Takashi YAMADA Hidehiko YOKOGOSHI Kenji HORIE Mujo KIM Kazumi TSUTSUI Kazutoshi HAYASE

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.60-65, 2014 (Released:2014-04-24)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1 1

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The brain protein synthesis and the plasma concentration of growth hormone (GH) is sensitive to the dietary γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in ovariectomized female rats; however, the role of dietary GABA on biomarkers including nerve growth factor (NGF) and choline acetyltransferase for the function of cholinergic neurons remains unknown in ovariectomized female rats. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the dietary GABA affects the concentration and mRNA level of NGF, and the activity of choline acetyltransferase in the brains of ovariectomized female rats. Experiments were done on two groups of 24-wk-old ovariectomized female rats given 0 or 0.5% GABA added to a 20% casein diet. The concentrations of NGF and activities of choline acetyltransferase in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and mRNA level of NGF in the hippocampus increased significantly with the 20% casein+0.5% GABA compared with the 20% casein diet alone. In the hippocampus, the mRNA level of NGF significantly correlated with the NGF concentration (r=0.714, p<0.01). These results suggest that the administration of GABA to ovariectomized female rats is likely to control the mRNA level and concentration of NGF and cause an increase in the activity of choline acetyltransferase in the brains.

著者

Nobuyuki Kayaba Takashi Yamada Syugo Hayashi Kazutoshi Onogi Shinya Kobayashi Koichi Yoshimoto Kenji Kamiguchi Kazuya Yamashita

出版者

(公社)日本気象学会

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.1-5, 2016 (Released:2016-01-20)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

29

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The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) completed its second global atmospheric reanalysis, the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55). However, the horizontal spatial resolution of JRA-55, TL319 (about 55 km), is insufficient for representing the hilly topography of the Japanese islands. Therefore, to reproduce extreme events caused by the hilly topography and their long-term climatological change in Japan, JMA has conducted a dynamical regional downscaling, called DSJRA-55, based on JMA's operational mesoscale model, which has a horizontal resolution of 5 km. DSJRA-55 receives its initial field and boundary conditions from the JRA-55 reanalysis. DSJRA-55 is historically the first products in the world that covers very long term for 55 years with very high resolution in 5 km. Furthermore, DSJRA-55 does not perform data assimilation; instead, initial field and boundary conditions are given at frequent intervals to the downscaled model and short-range forecasts are performed. Then, successive forecasts are connected continuously to create the DSJRA-55 product. In early evaluation results, DSJRA-55 was able to reproduce observed temperature and precipitation during 1958-2012. Although it showed a systematic temperature bias in some regions and seasons and it underestimated the frequencies of heavy-rain days and heavy-rain hours, DSJRA-55 reproduced the overall distribution of orographic precipitation well. DSJRA-55 is therefore expected to be useful for analyzing past extreme events and for statistical studies of long-term climate.

著者

Takashi Yamada Kazuki Semba Hiroyuki Sano Yusaku Suzuki

出版者

The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan

雑誌

IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications (ISSN:21871094)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.1-11, 2023-01-01 (Released:2023-01-01)

参考文献数

32

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This paper presents simulation based design (SBD), which is an indispensable technique, particularly for emerging advanced machine developments. This makes the support of SBD a requirement for Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) tools.While experience plays a crucial role in conventional CAE, in SBD, the design is created solely via simulations to achieve a highly optimal design with high reliability. SBD primarily relies on large scale optimizations with a vast design space and on solving large scale problems for virtual prototyping. Both require high computation power, however large computations result in better designs. Therefore, an SBD tool is expected to motivate and inspire users to aggressively use the latest computational power, instead of minimizing simulations.Unlike conventional CAE, SBD workflow is not a simple waterfall type, instead, it adopts a multi-perspective iterative process to effectively improve the design. The workflow in practice is primarily dictated by the tool. If the necessary functions are divided into multiple tools, the workflow will also be divided, which negatively affects iterations. The tool is expected to integrate the functions into one environment and encourage users to perform an adequate number of iterations in multi-perspective studies.The implementation of SBD is demonstrated via practical examples, and the expected functionality of an SBD tool is discussed.

著者

山田 隆 Takashi YAMADA 東海女子大学 TOKAI WOMEN'S COLLEGE

雑誌

東海女子大学紀要 = Bulletin of Tokai Women's University (ISSN:02870525)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.159-175, 2003-03-31

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写真コミュニケーションを考察するための基礎資料として,カメラと写真の最近までの変化を整理した。戦後の日本において,カメラの世帯普及はほぼ順調に進み,1980年代には80%に達した。自動露出や自動焦点,コンパクト化などにより,撮影者の層が拡大した。使い捨てカメラや現像・焼付けの低価格化などにより,カメラの携帯と撮影の日常化が進んだ。最近では,カメラはデジタル・カメラに移行しつつある。カメラの発展につれて,撮影する/される意識も変化してきた。写真は鑑賞するより撮るもの,撮られる場合はより良く,写真は自分(達)のために,などである。写真は保存するというだけでなく消費するという側面も出てきている。このような新しい写真との関わり方は,若い女性を中心に表れている。携帯電話にカメラが付いたことで,更に写真行動は変化していくものと考えられる。

著者

Rie Okamoto Akihiro Hirashiki Xian Wu Cheng Takashi Yamada Shuzo Shimazu Norihiro Shinoda Takahiro Okumura Kyosuke Takeshita Yasuko Bando Takahisa Kondo Toyoaki Murohara

出版者

一般社団法人 インターナショナル・ハート・ジャーナル刊行会

雑誌

International Heart Journal (ISSN:13492365)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.4, pp.202-206, 2013 (Released:2013-08-06)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

8 17

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Cardiac troponins provide diagnostic and prognostic information on ischemic heart disease, but their roles in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are unclear. We sought to investigate the associations between elevated serum cardiac troponins T (cTnT) and I (cTnI) levels and cardiac injury in patients with HCM. We measured serum cTnT and cTnI in a peripheral vein of 73 consecutive HCM patients in stable condition. In addition, to examine the transcardiac release of cTnT and that of cTnI, we measured them in the aortic root and coronary sinus. Mitochondrial- and Ca2+-handling-related gene expression assays were analyzed by endomyocardial biopsy specimens. Based on the median value of serum cTnT, we divided the patients into two groups [group A: cTnT < 0.008 ng/mL, (n = 35), group B: cTnT group ≥ 0.008 ng/mL, (n = 38)]. Left ventricular (LV) mass index was significantly higher, while LV ejection fraction was significantly lower, in group B than in group A. Meanwhile, there was a significantly positive correlation between the transcardiac gradient of serum cTnT or cTnI, and the mRNA level of troponin I3 (r = 0.473, r = 0.516, respectively). The mRNA level of troponin T2 significantly correlated with mRNA levels of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, and troponin I3 (r = 0.486, r = 0.957, r = 0.633, respectively). These findings indicate that both elevated serum cTnT and cTnI might be associated with cardiac dysfunction in patients with HCM, resulting from the impairment of mitochondrial function and Ca2+-handling protein.