出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.129-138, 2007 (Released:2015-06-18)

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Oxygen is essential to most forms of life, but too much oxygen is harmful and can elicit tissue damage. Living creatures, therefore, have a tightly regulated system to deliver the necessary amount of oxygen to specific tissues at the right time. Red blood cells are ideal vehicles for delivering oxygen to tissues. Band 3 protein is the major membrane protein of red blood cells. The major membrane protein supports the oxygen delivering system by its anion exchange activity, cooperating with carbonic anhydrase and hemoglobin. Band 3 protein has unique structure within the molecule. Here, we briefly review the structure and function of band 3 protein.

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.5, pp.208-214, 2008 (Released:2015-06-14)

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We reviewed scientific methods for measuring erythrocyte deformability such as micro pipette aspiration tech-nique, ektacytometry and nickel mesh filtration technique, from a quantitative and sensitive point of view. Then werepresented deformability of sickle cells and hereditary spherocytes including effects of medical treatments.Moreover, we showed a strong correlation between blood flow in vivoand erythrocyte deformability. Thus, we clari-fied physiological and medical significances of erythrocyte deformability.

著者

寺川 進

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.4, pp.225-234, 1985-07-01 (Released:2011-03-04)

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The squid giant axon was found to change its diameter by about 1 nm upon electrical stimulation. An increasing phase was followed by a decreasing phase in a few milliseconds. This response was shown to be associated with a 1 mPa change in intracellular pressure (increase in diameter with increase in pressure). Both responses could be enhanced by Ca2+ and suppressed by tetrodotoxin applied externally. They became large after removal of the axoplasm. Under the voltage clamp condition, the pressure response appeared in a potential dependent manner. The potential dependence was parabolic, indicating that electrostriction is involved in the mechanical response. Application of a K+-rich solution or a lidocaine containing solution suppressed the response induced by voltage clamp pulses. These findings suggested that the thickness of the membrane in the phospholipid part changes as the potential changes. These mechanical responses may have some roles in determining the kinetics of ionic channels.

著者

岸原 士郎 藤井 聰 河本 正彦

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.6, pp.371-374, 1983

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Commercial refined cane sugars still contain high-molecular-impurities such as acidified-ethanol-insoluble substances and turbid substances. These impurities were able to be satisfactorily eliminated by ultrafiltration and sufficiently by reverse osmosis. Ultrafiltration might be used for the production of specially pure sucrose free from these impurities. A small amount of these high-molecular-impurities reduced the flux in ultrafiltration of the sugar solution. From the degree of decline in flux, the level of these impurities in different sugars may be roughly judged.

著者

大川 和秋

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.3-12, 1993-01-01 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

92

被引用文献数

1

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Although ionic and metabolic gradients across membranes in living cells are known to be vital to cell functioning, in plants both the stiffness of cell wall and complexity of the cell compartmentalization sometimes prevent the study of membrane transport. This difficulty has, however, largely been overcome with the aid of two techniques, one employing a vibrating electrode1) and the other a patch clamp (Hamill et al., Pflügers Arch., 391, 85 (1981)). The former technique has revealed the ionic currents which flow locally around various type of cells. In the introduction to the present article, the relation of local currents with several physiological phenomena, such as pollination and cell polarity, is reviewed. The patch-clamp technique has directly led to the development of research strategies, not only on the plasma membrane, but also on the vacuolar membrane and other intracellular organelles. In fact, various types of ion channels, such as voltage-dependent, Ca2+-regulated, and phytohormone-modulated channels, have been found in plant cells. In the latter half of this article, the properties of several ion channels in the plasma and vacuolar membranes of characean cells which were identified using the patch clamp are reviewed, and their physiological functions are summarized.

著者

船津 麻美 田原 義朗 山中 桜子 後藤 雅宏

出版者

THE MEMBRANE SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.57-62, 2011-03-01

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2

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In this article, we report a novel oil gel sheet, which is contained ascorbic acid and hyaluronic acid as an ingredient of cosmetics. An efficient permeation method of the ingredients into a deep skin would be a key technology to develop novel functional cosmetics. The outer surface of the skin that is stratum corneum has a strong barrier to avoid the invasion of hazardous materials into our body. The barrier function causes the difficulty in the transport of effective ingredients into a deep region of our skin. To overcome this problem, solid-in-oil (S/O) nano dispersion technique has been developed by coating the ingredients with hydrophobic surfactant molecules. The coated hyaluronic acid was well dispersed in an oil phase and its permeation rate into the skin was significantly enhanced by the formation of the complex. An oil gel sheet was created by utilizing the S/O techniques for ascorbic acid and hyaluronic acid. The oil gel sheet could improve the moisture condition of faces by using at least 30 minutes.

著者

早川 喜郎

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.6, pp.333-338, 2004-11-01 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

5

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Membrane technology in the vegetable and fruit processing has been applied for concentration using RO membrane and for clarification using UF or MF membrane.Recent technological advances related to the development of new membrane system, advanced separation and recovery of valuable components, improvement quality, saving energy consumption and reduction of environmental negative impact, have expanded the range of membrane separation.We have developed two new membrane systems. One is RO concentration system for material including the solid. Conventional RO system has been used for only juice concentration including the solid below 0.5mm particle size, by this new RO system, it is possible to concentrate liquid including 0.5mm-10mm particle size solid.Another is electrodialysis system for reduction of nitrate in a green vegetable, the characteristic of this system is to be operated under high concentration (Brix20), low velocity and low temperature condition.

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.6, pp.372-378, 2014 (Released:2015-05-15)

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This review presents a brief overview of simulation approach to evaluate permeability of small molecules across thelipid membranes. We summarize technical developments to estimate the free energy barriers and diffusivities forsmall permeants to go across the membranes. Several simulation results are shown to demonstrate how these meth-ods work. Future direction in this field is also included.

著者

日吉 辰夫 宮崎 誠 福田 誠

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.74-80, 1997-03-01 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1 1

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Most of requirements for hemodialysis hollow fiber membranes depend on their micro pore structure and distribution. Therefore, not only the averaged pore radius but also the pore radius distribution should be noted in the optimal design of hollow fiber hemodialysis membranes. Herein some advantageous characteristics of newly developed cellulose hemodialysis membrane, pore radius distribution pattern of which may be so called “symmetricall gradient structure”, are presented with those of the conventional and well known homogeneous, gradient, and reverse gradient structure membranes.

著者

横山 信治

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.2-10, 2007 (Released:2015-06-18)

被引用文献数

1 1

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HDL is a strong negative risk factor for atherosclerotic disease, and perhaps more potent target to prevent and cure the disease than LDL in Japan. However, no specific compound to raise HDL is clinically available, so that there is no firm evidence for the clinical effect of the increase of HDL. As our knowledge of regulation of HDL metabolism has advanced significantly in the past several years, a great effort is being made to develop such compounds, by inhibiting catabolic reaction of HDL, and stimulating maturation and biogenesis of HDL.

著者

小川 泰亮

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.149-153, 1995-03-01 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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A monolithic microcapsule-depot form using a biodegradable polymer was designed and developed, which constantly releases a super-active agonist of LH-RH, leuprorelin, at a constant rate for about one month following a single injection. Microcapsules containing the drug were prepared by a new preparation technique, modifying the solvent evaporation method. When copoly (lactic/glycolic) acid of copolymer ratio of 75/25 and average molecular weight of 10, 000 was adopted a biodegradable polymer, leuprorelin was eliminated from the injection site in rats at a pseudo-zero order rate for one month after a single subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of the microcapsules. Serum leuprorelin levels were maintained at a steady level in rats and dogs for 4 weeks after an injection, and serum testosterone levels decreased to below the normal level and were maintained at the suppressed level for more than 6 weeks. The results indicate that the microcapsule dosage form is useful for LH-RH therapy of sex hormone dependent diseases.After extended clinical evaluation, the monthly microcapsule-depot form of leuprorelin for treating prostate cancer, endometriosis, precocious puberty, and other sex hormone dependent diseases was approved by health authorities in U.S.A., Europe, and Japan as Lupron®; Depot, Enantone®; Depot, and Leuprin®;, respectively.

著者

田中 祐之 伊藤 世人 花田 茂久 北出 有

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.86-90, 2015 (Released:2015-05-14)

参考文献数

4

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The influence of addition of sodium hypochlorite and sodium bisulfite to reverse osmosis (RO) process was examined quantitatively by parallel tests of several pilot-scale UF+RO units. The differential pressure of RO elements and modified Biofilm Formation Rate (mBFR) clearly showed that the addition of these chemicals could be the trigger of the biofouling. In addition, chemical free pretreatment processes of RO are now being established according to the levels of the seawater quality measured by the rapid and easy biofouling risk assessment method which was newly devised.

著者

樋口 亜紺

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.107-115, 1999-03-01 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

28

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This article reviews a theoretical and experimental consideration of membrane potential and permeabilities of salts in multi-lamellar ion exchange membranes. Model calculations are described for bipolar membranes consisting of juxtaposed cation and anion exchange membranes. Donnan potential is predicted to be non-zero when the concentrations of external solution on the left- and right-handed sides of the bipolar membrane are equal, while this potential is estimated to be zero from TMS theory for single ion exchange membranes. This is ascribed to the fact that the Donnan potential and the inter-Donnan potential, which is generated at the interfaces of anion and cation exchange layers in bipolar membranes, compensate each other. Permeability differences due to the direction of flux in bipolar membranes are theoretically and experimentally discussed. Molecular recognition of ions or substrates by membrane potential of immobilized enzyme membranes and immobilized DNA membranes are also reviewed.

著者

仲川 勤

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.4, pp.232-244, 1989-07-01 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

34

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Recent advance of polymeric membranes for gas separation was reviewed. The polymeric membranes were classified as follows : membranes for (1) oxygen/nitrogen separation, (2) hydrogen separation, (3) carbon dioxide separation, and (4) other gas separation. In the field of oxygen/nitrogen separation, new polymeric membranes containing trimethylsilyl group showed the highest gas permeability. In the field of hydrogen separation, a new polyimide membrane containing cyclic hydrocarbon rings in the main chain showed both high permeabilities and separation factors. In membranes which have permselectivity for carbon dioxide, sulfoxide-modified poly (vinyl alcohol) membranes are very attractive. The speciality polymeric membranes containing carriers in which a facilitated transport took place were also introduced.

著者

竹中 亨

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.4, pp.201-210, 1987-07-01 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

63

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Recent studies on infrared and Raman spectra of monolayers, bilayers, and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films are reviewed. Regarding infrared measurements of these films, the transmission, attenuated total reflection (ATR), reflection-absorption (R-A), and surface electromagnetic wave (SEW) techniques are outlined. For Raman measurements, on the other hand, the external reflection, optical waveguide, and total internal reflection techniques are briefly described. The advancement of these techniques and the improvement in sensitivity of infrared and Raman spectrophotometers allowed us to study the structure and molecular orientation even in single monolayers at various interfaces.The infrared ATR spectroscopy of stearic acid LB films indicates that there exists the structural and orientational heterogenity among the first few monolayers. The R-A spectroscopy of cadmium arachidate LB films suggests the almost perpendicular orientation of the molecular axis on the silver substrate as well as significant disruption of molecular conformation and lateral packing during heating and melting processes. Application, of the total internal reflection spectroscopy to the study on resonance Raman spectra of spread monolayers on water and of adsorbed monolayers at an oil-water interface indicates changes in molecular orientation and interaction with changes in the amount of molecules in the monolayers.