著者

岩堀 長慶

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

Science reports of Tokyo Woman's Christian University (ISSN:03864006)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.623-635, 1981-03-20

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An m×n lamp pattern is a distribution of the on-off states of the mn lamps arranged in an m×n rectangular array. If one touches one of the lamps, then the on-off status of that lamp, and of the vertically-adjacent or horizontally-adjacent lamps will all be reversed. This is a basic transition, and these transitions applied successively define an equivalence relation among the set of the m×n lamp patterns. This paper is concerned with determination of the number of the equivalence classes of the m×n lamp patterns. It is shown that the class number is given by 2^d, with the degree d of the polynomial G.C.D. (det (xI_n-A_n), det ((x-1)I_m-A_m)), where I_n is the unit matrix and A_n is the incidence matrix of a basic transition, containing 1 on the two lines parallel and adjacent to the main diagonal and 0 elsewhere.

著者

小林 一章 清 裕恵

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

Science reports of Tokyo Woman's Christian University (ISSN:03864006)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.907-921, 1988-03-15

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We set up a computer programming to list up sequences corresponding to knot projections using Dowker-Thistlethwaite's algorism. Take a point P and a direction on a knot projection, traverse from P via the knot projection and label the crossing point in order. Since we across a crossing point twice, each crossing point has two labels. So if the knot projection has n crossing points, we get a sequence with 2n letters, i.e. a permutation (a_1, a_2...,a_<2n>) of 1, 2,...,2n, so that i and a_i are the labels corresponding to a same crossing point. So the mapping a: {1, 2,..., 2n}→{1, 2..., 2n} defined by a(i)=a_i satisfies a^2=id. and has a parity reversing. Dowker-Thistlethwaite gave necessary and sufficient conditions for a mapping a (or a permutation (a_1, a_2,..., a_<2n>)) corresponding to a knot projection. As their conditions are fitting into a computer programming, we set up a programming to list up sequences satisfying Dowker-Thistlethwaite conditions. We use N_<88>-BASIC as the programming language and a personal computer, PC9801 (NEC).

著者

外村 泰子

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

Science reports of Tokyo Woman's Christian University (ISSN:03864006)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.1393-1397, 1996-03-15

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Tis study was conducted using Drosophila melanogaster oocytes as one of a series of experiments to ascertain the effects of microwaves on living bodies. Fujikawa et al. reported in 1994 that treating Drosophila melanogaster oocytes with carbon dioxide induced sex chromosome non-disjunction. The effects of microwaves on living bodies may be confirmed if exposing oocytes to microwaves generates more heteroploidies of sex chromosomes than those generated in the control group. Materials and Method Used: The present author obtained yw^iec/B^sYsc^8 y stocks (female adults used for microwave-exposure test) and mwhjv; spa^<pol>+stocks (male adults). Oocytes of P (y stocks, female parent) were exposed to microwave (using a home-use microwave oven, with a frequency range of 2.45GHz) for 5 seconds and for 10 seconds with an output of 500W and for 60 seconds with 200W. The non-disjunction of X chromosomes was detected in F_1 using the following steps. Results and Discussion: The phenotype of y-stock females had yellow bodies and ivory-colored eyes, while the+stock males had wild-type-color bodies and red eyes. Next-generation female flies from the mating those with red eyes had wild-type-color bodies and red eyes while males had yellow bodies and ivory-colored eyes. However, if sex chromosomes non-disjunction is induced, females will have XXY sex chromosomes; that is, flies with phenotypes will have yellow bodies and ivory-colored eyes. Male flies will have XO sex chromosomes, wild-type bodies, and red eyes. The results of the experiment are shown in Table 1. Out of 5511 flies of the control group, F_1, there were two females and three males due to the induction of sex chromosome non-disjunction. Out of the 3768 F_1 flies exposed to microwaves for five seconds with an output of 500W, these emerged four females and one male, while out of the 3148 flies exposed to 500W for 10 seconds, one female and two males emerged; out of 935 exposed to 200W for 60 seconds, only one male with non-disjunction was induced. No difference was found in the number of heteroploidies between the control group and the experimental group. The results suggest that there were no effects of microwave exposure on sex chromosome non-disjunction. It is clear from the above experiment that there were no effects of microwave exposure on oocytes, although a slight difference was noted in the number of F_1 flies due to trauma caused by the difference in output of the microwave oven or the duration of exposure (Table 1). The present author thinks that an additional experiment is required one in which oocytes exposed to X-rays are used as a control group, in order to verify the results of this experiment. Fujikawa et al. reported in 1994 that the frequency of F_1 heteroploidies increased in the experimental group when oocytes were treated with carbon dioxide for 45 minutes or longer during the metaphas of the first meiotic division. They pointed to the non-disjunction induction mechanism caused by carbon dioxide as the reason for this phenomenon. They also suggested that extracellular CO_2 plus oxygen deficit evoke cellular conditions that damage the spindle body and thereby affect the normal segregation of homologous chromosomes later. They also reported that they had a negative result from a similar experiment using oocytes exposed to X-rays.

著者

上口 勇次郎 立野 裕幸 渡邉 誠二 外村 泰子

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

Science reports of Tokyo Woman's Christian University (ISSN:03864006)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.3, pp.1297-1303, 1995-03-08

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This study was undertaken to examine the cytogenetic effects of microwaves on human spermatozoa, using an interspecific in vitro fertilization system between human spermatozoa and zona-free hamster oocytes. Ejaculated human spermatozoa were exposed in vitro to microwaves from a household electronic range (2.45GHz, 500W) for 5 (Group I) and 10 seconds (Group II). The average temperatures of the sperm suspensions were 29℃ in the non-irradiated control, 38℃ in Group I, and 54℃ in Group II immediately after the microwave irradiation. After irradiation, about 10% of the spermatozoa became immotile in Group I, as did about 50% of the spermatozoa in Group II, due to the heat stress. A total number of 474 spermatozoa were karyotyped in the control: 386 spermatozoa, in Group I, and 506 spermatozoa, in Group II. The incidences of spermatozoa with structural chromosome aberrations were 11.3±1.4%, 11.5±1.6% and 10.3±2.0% in the control and Groups I and II respectively, showing no statistically significant difference between the three groups. The numbers of aberrations per spermatozoon were 0.140±0.023, 0.127±0.027, and 0.123±0.028 respectively in the three groups, also showing no significant difference between them. These results indicate that neither microwave irradiation nor heat stress has a clastogenic effect on human sperm chromosomes.

著者

福田 一郎

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

Science reports of Tokyo Woman's Christian University (ISSN:03864006)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.741-762, 1984-03-20

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The Japanese Expedition of Nepalese Agricultural Research (Captain: I. FUKUDA, Members: E. YAMAMOTO, T. KONISHI, M. KIMATA and H. SATOWA), sponsored by the Ministry of Education, the Japanese Government in 1983, visited the villages of Imadol (Lalitpur District), Hille (Sunsari District) and Namche (Solukhumbu District) from September to October in 1983. There is collected spice specimens and made inquiries regarding their utilizations. The following specimens were collected. 1. METHI (Fenugreek: Trigunella foenum-graceum L.) Fig. 6. 2. BESHAR (Turmeric: Curcuma domestica VALET.) Fig. 7. 3. JEERA (Cumin: Cuminum cyminum L.) Fig. 8. 4. DHANIYA (Coriander: Coriandrum sativum L.) Fig. 9. 5. JWANO (Lovage: Levisticum officinale KOCH) Fig. 10. 6. TEJPAT (Indian Cassia Leaf: Cinnamomum tamla NEES et EBERM) Fig. 11. 7. LAHSUN (Garlic: Allium sativum L.) Fig. 12. 8. ADUWA (Ginger: Zingiber officinale ROSCOE) Fig. 13. 9. TILL (Sesame: Sesamum indicum L.) Fig. 14. 10. NEPALI SUNP (Dill: Anethum graveolens L.) Fig. 15. 11. TIMMUR (Chinese Pepper: Zanthoxylum armatum DC.) Fig. 16. 12. ZIMBU (Nepal Aromatic Leaf Garic: Allium hypsistum STEARN.) Fig. 17. 13. KOMA (unpublished: Umbelliferae) Fig. 18. 14. KHURSANI (Chilli Pepper: Capsicum frutescens L.) Fig. 19 & 20. a. DHOKRE KHURSANI (Long Pepper: Capsicum frutescens L. var longum BAILEY) b. JYANMARA KHURSANI (Cherry Pepper: Capsicum frutescens L. var cerasiforme BAILEY) c. CHUCHCHE KHURSANI (Cone Pepper: Capsicum frutescens L. var. conoides BAILEY) d. JIRE KHURSANI (Bird's Eye Chilli: Capsicum microcarpum DC.) Utilizations for spices by the Nepalese Tribe people: 1. The CHHETRI people usually use METHI, BESHAR, JEERA, JWANO, TEJPAT, LAHSUN, ADUWA, KHURSANI and RAYO. 2. The NEWAR people use METHI, BESHAR, JEERA, DHANIYA, JWANO, LAHSUN, ADUWA, KHURSANI, NEPALI SUNP, and TEJPAT. 3. The TAMANG people use METHI, BESHAR, JEERA, DHANIYA, JWANO, LAHSUN, ADUWA, and KHURSANI. 4. The SHERPA people use LAHSUN, ADUWA, KHRUSANI, DHANIYA, JEERA, and METHI, and also the wild spices ERMARG, KOMA, and ZIMBU. It is pointed out that all Nepalese people use the same kinds of spices but different tribes use them in different ways. For example, the NEWAR and TAMANG people always use METHI and DHANIYA for Tarucurry. However, the SHERPA people use METHI for Chan drinking and young DHANIYA for fresh salads. The SHERPA have also introduced potatos with Chilli peppers. The Chilli pepper modifies the uniform taste of the potato. It is interesting that such patterns of food preparation change gradually according to the spice use, although each tribe has a conservative life style. As a future problem of the Nepalese spices, it is considered that the Nepalese people themselves can produce the above spices, but each spice needs to do the breeding especially with each utilization in mind. Nepalese cooking combined Indian and Chinese cooking. Spices from both types of cooking can use in more than many different ways.

著者

矢沢 静江 小池 保次 高島 文三

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

Science reports of Tokyo Woman's Christian University (ISSN:03864006)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.3, pp.1239-1272, 1994-03-15

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東京女子大学善福寺キャンパスの植物調査を1986年より1993年まで行なった。その結果を「東京女子大学キャンパスの植物目録」としてまとめ640種を掲載した。園芸種については一部を記載した。「目録」は分類表に準じて記載し,更に便宜のために和名の五十音順で配列して花期,花色,草本,木本等を記入して「一覧」とした。1935年の目録との比較検討は今回行なわなかったが,杜の会が植えた樹木の一部についての追跡調査を緑の会の学生達が先輩たちを訪ねて1979年に行なったことがある。1979年の台風20号による被害で倒れた樹木の年輪からも,また昔の時代を知る人達の証言からも,杜の会の時代に植樹されたものがかなり残っていることが明らかである。このキャンパスの植生は,移転当初から,「ここに樹を植えて杜をつくろう」という教職員と学生の熱意によって形成されそれをひき継ぐ人達が各時代にいて,自分達のキャンパスとして守り育てようとする多くの人達の連繋によって今日に到ったと云えるだろう。寮の先生方のお蔭で,寮の近くにヒトリシズカやニリンソウ・ヤマブキソウなどの群落があり,また,東校舎の北側の大木の下にはギンランの群落が見られる。一方,近年になって,キンラン・サイハイラン・ジュウニヒトエ・フデリンドウなどは姿を消しかかってきている。キャンパスの植生の今後の課題としては,除草剤散布・大気汚染・人手不足・建築計画等の影響から,長期間かかってつくられた生態系をできるだけ保全し,大切な種を保護して,キャンパスの自然を調和のとれたものとして存続させて行くための方策を立てて,実行することが大切な事だと思う。この目録を作成できたのは直接,間接に前に述べたような多くの方達のお蔭によるものです。個人名はあげきれませんが,心より感謝したいと思います。欅の会・杜の会の方達とそれを支援して下さった多くの方達,そしてそれをひきついだ方達,植物研究会の方々,それからキャンパスの中で過された植物好きの歴代の寮の先生方と職員住宅に居られた職員の方達実際に植物の手入れを行なってきた歴代の職員の方達,生物研究会・緑の会の学生の方達,樹木地図を作成し現在の植生に心を配っている植物趣味の会の職員,植物の手入れや植樹等に努力して下さっている職員の方達,この数えきれない程多くの方達のお蔭で現在の豊かな植生があり,目録にのせることができました。おわりに心より感謝申し上げます。また調査には杉並区の植生研究会の方々に大変おせわになり,まとめにあたっても友人・学生の方々に御協力をいただき,ありがとうございました。

著者

渥美 みはる 佐藤 真理

出版者

東京女子大学論集編集委員会

雑誌

東京女子大学紀要論集. 科学部門報告 = Science reports of Tokyo Woman's Christian University (ISSN:03864006)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, pp.1961-1975, 2013

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本報では物質の色を利用した化学実験について報告する.具体的なテーマは以下の通りである.1 ソルバトクロミズム金属錯体を用いて溶媒の極性を調べた.金属錯体には Ni[tmen acac]ClO4 と Cu[tmen acac]ClO4を使用した.これらの錯体を種々の有機溶媒に溶かし,その色の違いによって有機溶媒の極性を簡単に調べることができた.2 植物色素と水溶液のpHアントシアン色素を植物から抽出して,pH指示薬としての性質を調べた.また,緩衝溶液に酸性およびアルカリ性水溶液を少しずつ添加しpH変化の様子をその色によって観察した.緩衝溶液に少量の酸性およびアルカリ性水溶液を加えてもpHはほとんど変化しないことを確認した.

著者

佐藤 真理 / 渥美 みはる

出版者

東京女子大学論集編集委員会

雑誌

Science reports of Tokyo Woman's Christian University (ISSN:03864006)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.1961-1975, 2013-03-29

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本報では物質の色を利用した化学実験について報告する.具体的なテーマは以下の通りである.

著者

曽我 芳枝 平工 志穂 中村 有紀

出版者

東京女子大学論集編集委員会

雑誌

東京女子大学紀要論集. 科学部門報告 = Science reports of Tokyo Woman's Christian University (ISSN:03864006)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, pp.1987-1999, 2015

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Today it is normal for women to partake in sports or exercise. This paper will firstly describe the current status of women in sport and exercise and its significance, using the actual practice and the current status of physical education at a woman's high school, Tokyo Woman's Christian University. Following this, the paper will investigate the background behind how Tetsu Yasui (1870–1945), the teacher who brought the fundamentals of physical education to the University, but was not a specialist in physical education, emphasized its importance in education, as well as looking into the history of physical education for women in Japan and how it has played such a big role to date. Lastly, the paper will aim to provide possible considerations for the future of physical education at the university.Sport and exercise is an effective method of supporting the health of the body and the mind, however the tendency for women to drop out of exercise between junior and senior high school is quite prominent, with nearly half of all students feeling out of touch with exercise once they graduate university. From the results of the study, it was found that the same problem has arisen for the students Tokyo Woman's Christian University.Yasui claims that "if physical education is not thorough enough, we cannot produce women with admirable qualities", and Tokyo Woman's Christian University has a history of keeping that ideology in mind, having placed a heavy importance on physical education in women from the opening of the school up until now. It is thought by the research group that they continue to combine further research and improvements to raise awareness of the social role that sport and exercise has for students in maintaining a healthy body and mind as well as forming solidarity with others, in the hope of guiding students to develop a broad view of the world while creating good relationships among people.今日では,女性がスポーツや運動をすることは当たり前のこととして捉えられるようになった.本稿では,まず女性におけるスポーツ・運動参加の現状と意義を述べ,女性の高等教育機関である東京女子大学の学生の実践及び身体教育の実態を述べる.そして同大学の体育の基礎を築いた安井てつ(1870–1945)が,体育の専門家ではないにも拘わらず教育活動において体育を重視するに至った経緯を調査し,同時に日本の女子体育史上,如何に大きな役割を果たしたかについて探っていく.併せて同大学におけるこれからの体育のあり方について考察することを目的とした.スポーツ・運動は心身の健康を維持するための有効な手段であるが,女性は中学校期から高校期にかけて運動をしなくなる傾向が顕著で,大学を終えると半数近くが運動と疎遠になる.東京女子大学の学生についても同様の事が調査の結果,課題として浮かび上がった.安井は「体育が充分に行き届かなければ,立派な品性ある女子を作ることはできない」との考えであったが,東京女子大学は開学以来今日までその理念を尊重すべく女性の身体教育を重要視してきた歴史がある.研究グループは今後も更に研究・改善を重ね,学生にスポーツ・運動実践を通して心身の健康や他者との連帯を図るという社会的役割を認識させ,良好な人間関係を築くとともに世界を見渡せる広い視野を養うよう導いていきたいと考える.

著者

藤沢 知子 黒星 瑩一

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

Science reports of Tokyo Woman's Christian University (ISSN:03864006)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.584-595, 1980-03-18

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Goryu Asada (1734-1799), a physician in the Edo Era who contributed much to the improvement of calendar by invoking new method, is usually given a credit for having discovered Kepler's third law by himself. Although there is no evidence for this assertion at present, we discuss in this note how he could have acquired the numerical results, as to both period of revolution and distance to the sun of each planet from his supposed various observations. Our conclusions are that it would have been an extraordinary painstaking work for him, if he had really made in this way, to arrive at the law expressing the relation between the above two kinds of quantities, and also that the theory of his discovery is nonetheless not improbable with a genius and intuition bestowed on him.

著者

鳥山 英雄

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

Science reports of Tokyo Woman's Christian University (ISSN:03864006)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.713-725, 1983-03-20

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東京女子大学文理学部構内において,1977年9月26日から10月14日の20日間において,次の様な現象を認めることができた。すなわち,野外に植えてあるネムノキの生体電位は,その付近に自生したやぶからしの巻鬚がまきつくと特別な変化をあらわした。その変化は第1次から第5次までの5回にわたって断続してあらわれたが,その著しい電位変化をあらわす「まきつき」が行われた時は,何れも雨天であった。この間を通じて,巻鬚が巻きつくことの全くなかったネムノキにおいては,その生体電位はすべて正常であり,特別な電位変化はみとめられなかった。また,ネムノキからやぶからしの巻鬚をとりはずすと,特別な電位変化は完全にあらわれなくなる。ネムノキはやぶからしの巻鬚にまきつとかれる際には,著しいストレスを受けるもの判断される。