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Hayek has been one of the major figures in the history of economic thought who has been interested in the evolution of institutions. Considered in this paper is the relationship between Hayek and Carl Menger, the founder of the Austrian School of Economics. Although they shared the basic concept of spontaneous order, as previous literature shows, they have a totally different idea about one important institution, the state. In Hayek's opinion the state is not a spontaneous order, but an organization made from above. Menger saw the matter differently. He tried to capture the state as a system which can be reduced to the self-interest of economic agents. Thus, in Menger's view, the state is a good example of spontaneous order.

2021-01-28 08:41:00
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1 0 0 0 OA J. S. ミルの社会科学論

著者: 松井名津
出版者: The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought
雑誌: 経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.34, no.34, pp.53-64, 1996 (Released:2010-08-05)
参考文献数: 35

This paper examines the purpose and intentions underlying Mill's methodological treatises. From “a priori” method to “concrete deductive method” Mill struggled for the method of social science that would be more sensitive to complexity and diversity, on which a new social science would build. Mill agreed with Comte for the need of a new science but rejected his sociology, because Mill intended to construct a new social science to guide public opinion, not to dominate it. On the other hand, Mill saw contemporary economists as narrow-minded neglecting the truth or vision that would guide human action. To write “Principles of Political Economy”, for Mill was more than to show the truth of economic phenomena by the concrete deductive method. It was to show the public the prospect of transition and its possibie, desirable way.Along this line, Mill criticized “mercantilism” as seeing only material goods, especially money, as wealth, then extending the notion to the means that fulfill one's purpose effectively. In doing this Mill went close to the ethical-economic approach by A. K. Sen.

2021-01-28 08:41:00
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1 0 0 0 OA ウェッブにおける労働組合運動論と社会改革構想

著者: 江里口拓
出版者: The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought
雑誌: 経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.34, no.34, pp.65-76, 1996 (Released:2010-08-05)
参考文献数: 39

The purpose of this paper is to show the character of the Webbs' theory of trade unionism through examining its relationships with their social reform scheme.The scheme is based on Sidney's three essays, which make it clear that the mechanism of ‘industrial progress’ is worked by competition among firms for greater ‘rent’ of ‘ability’ and of ‘capital’.In Industrial Democracy, the Webbs argue that this mechanism should be accelerated by the minimum labour conditions which the trade union regulates, and propose the supplement of this regulation by a legislated ‘national minimum’. This proposal is founded in their recognition, in The History of Trade Unionism, that trade unionism has already changed from a negative political action to a positive one.Before studying trade unionism, they had already analysed the consumer's cooperative movement and the municipal government and realised that trade unionism was profitable for the improvement of consumers' or citizens' livelihoods. Thus, the theory of trade unionism was introduced into their social reform scheme, and the scheme was reinforced by the theory.The Webbs' theory of trade unionism is a part of their social reform scheme for improving the nation's livelihood.

2021-01-28 08:41:00
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