著者

廣元 一夫 入江 隆 村上 雅秀 高橋 健

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.113, no.10, pp.750-753, 1997-10-25 (Released:2011-01-27)

著者

松尾 泰明 武部 博倫 太田 能生 森永 健次

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.105, no.14, pp.1067-1071, 1989-12-20 (Released:2011-01-27)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2 5

---

The effect of the cooling condition of ferro nickel slag melts on retained glass and crystalline phases (enstatite, forsterite, cristobalite) has been discussed.Commercial ferro nickel slags were classified into two groups; one (slag A, B, C) was located the composition of the olivine (forsterite) primary phase field and the other (slag D)was the eutectic field between pyroxene (enstatite) and olivine in the FeO-MgO-SiO2system.The critical cooling rates for glass forming determined directly from the CCT diagrams were in the range of 120 to 20°C/sec and those were dependent on the content of SiO2as a network former. Forsterite, enstatite, and ristobalite crystallized from all of the ferro nickel slags in that order with decreasing the continuous cooling rate. The first crystalline phase at isothermal heat treatment from the slag A, B, C was forsterite, while those of the slag D were forsterite and enstatite. Enstatite and cristobalite gradually crystallized with the holding time at this treatment.In addition, the possibility of alkali-aggregate reaction were evaluated by the chemical test, ASTMC289 for the as-received and the heat-treated slags.

著者

村井 浩介 川崎 康一

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.113, no.6, pp.500-504, 1997-06-25 (Released:2011-01-27)

著者

長沼 毅

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.1, pp.1-9, 2004 (Released:2006-04-11)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

1

---

The Earth is the miraculous body, where its planetary conditions fit the conditions for life and the Sun's mercy gives rise to the prosperity of life. The eat-eaten connection of life is known as food chain, and almost all of the food chains on Earth start from photosynthesis, and photosynthesis depends in turn on the radiation from the Sun. In this sense, most of the Earth's organisms are Sun-eaters ultimately. However, recent studies proposed the significance of the lives independent of photosynthesis such as the ones in deep-sea and deep subsurface. Findings of the life in the dark facilitate the recognition of Earth-eaters, and the idea that deep subsurface of the Earth (and possibly other planetary bodies) serves as the cradle and nursery for life.The idea of deep subsurface life is not necessarily new, however, it is since 1980's that the idea has been scientifically hypothesized and tested. By now, the existence of deep subsurface biosphere is scientifically recognized, and current interests are placed on: the abundance (biomass), diversity, biological limit (potentials), involvement in biogeochemical cyclings, and association with the origin(s) of life. Even astrobiological curiosity relates the ubiquity of "life in the dark" in deep subsurface to the presumed presence of extraterrestial life. This communication provides the geo-biological background of the deep subsurface biosphere and reviews some important topics from recent studies.

著者

芝田 隼次 奥田 晃彦

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.118, no.1, pp.1-8, 2002 (Released:2006-01-31)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

67 80

---

The separation and purification methods of precious metals from the scrap containing precious metals are introduced in this review. The solid waste containing precious metals first is dissolved by the solution comprising oxidation agents and ligands, such as aqua regia, Cl2 + HCl and NaCN + O2. The separation of precious metals in the leached solution or wasted solution is carried out by using various methods like classic precipitation, cementation, ion exchange resin, activated carbon adsorption and solvent extraction. It depends on the concentration and combination of precious metals what kind of separation method is applied. Generally, adsorption and ion exchange methods are applicable to the dilute solution, while precipitation, cementation and solvent extraction are used for the concentrated solution. In the recovery of the precious metals in automobile catalyst, the collection of the platinum group metals in Cu or Fe metal melted by a plasma melting method is performed as one of the recovery techniques by the pyro-metallurgy.The fundamental of separation and purification methods, and some commercial plant examples are described for recycling of precious metals.

著者

杉田 創 駒井 武 沖田 伸介 徳永 修三 松永 烈

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.121, no.9, pp.416-422, 2005 (Released:2007-02-24)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3 3

---

For the purpose of examining the adsorption behavior of fluorine on clay minerals, the adsorption equilibrium experiments on fluorine were carried out using several clay minerals. Then various analysis and considerations, as listed in the followings, were done on the basis of the experimental results.1) The adsorbed amount of fluorine per unit mass of clay mineral was ranged as Kaolinite >Saponite >Pyrophyllite, Dickite >Montmorillonite.2) When the mass ratio of clay mineral to liquid was constant, the ratio of adsorption equilibrium concentration of fluorine to initial one became small, as the initial concentration of fluorine was lower.3) It was clear that there was less correlation between the BET specific surface area of the clay minerals and the adsorbed amount of fluorine, because the BET specific surface area was ranged as Saponite > Montmorillonite(Mikawa) > Kaolinite > Montmorillonite(Tsukinuno)> Dickite > Pyrophyllite. 4) The cations such as the alkali metal (Na, K), alkaline earth metal (Ca, Mg), iron, silicon and aluminum, which are contained in the clay minerals, are major chemical components which may be bonded with fluorine. However the quantitative correlation between those each content in the clay minerals and the absorbed amount fluorine could not be recognized. 5) For each clay mineral, the fluorine adsorption data can be arranged clearly in every conditions for the mass ratio of clay mineral to liquid. It was clarified the adsorption isotherm of fluorine on the clay minerals were represented using Freundlich's adsorption equation. 6) The correlation equations which took the mass ratio of clay mineral to liquid into consideration were proposed on the adsorption coefficient and index in Freundlich's adsorption equation. Using both those equations and the values of adsorption parameters obtained in this study, it becomes possible to estimate the adsorbed amount of fluorine on the clay minerals and fluorine concentration in liquid phase.

著者

高 秀君 大久保 誠介 福井 勝則 金田 博彰

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.122, no.1, pp.26-34, 2006 (Released:2007-02-24)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 1

---

For flood prevention, power generation and conveyance, the world's largest Three Gorges Dam was begun to construct in 1993. However, the problem of landslide around the Three Gorges reservoir has not been solved completely so far. Although a lot of geological investigations have been carried out in the field, the role of rock mechanical characteristics in the failure of rock slope has not been cleared thoroughly.In order to study the geological setting and the mechanical characteristic of the landslide area around the Three Gorges reservoir, field investigation and laboratory work including microscope observation, X-ray powder diffraction analysis and uniaxial compressive tests have been carried out. Rock specimens such as two muddy sandstones, a red mudstone, a limestone and a sandstone were collected and examined.The main mineral composition of examined rock specimens except for limestone is quartz. Under the air-dried condition, sandstone is the strongest and weathered muddy sandstone is the weakest. It is interesting to note that calcium contents (carbonate observed) in unweathered muddy sandstone are significantly decreased in weathered one. The decrease in strength for the weathered rock may arise from the dissolution of calcium. For all sample rocks, uniaxial compressive strength shows remarkable decrease under the water-saturated condition. It may be attributed to high content of clay minerals.Complete stress-strain curves were obtained. For all sample rocks, stress increased almost linearly with strain up to the peak strength and then dropped rapidly indicating brittle feature. Weakening under water-saturated condition and high degree of brittleness indicate that very careful and sophisticated measure is necessary to prevent landslide in the area.

著者

小槻 勉

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.117, no.6, pp.479-483, 2001 (Released:2006-01-08)

参考文献数

23

---

History of lithium batteries is briefly described with emphasis on how they have been growing, why some of them have been ruined, and which scientific field has been triggered. Some background for lithium-ion batteries is given and the state-of-art science and technology are highlighted. A series of trials on the research of lithium insertion materials for advanced lithium-ion batteries is also discussed in terms of materials science.

著者

近藤 敏 武山 眞 大藏 隆彦

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 : 資源・素材学会誌 : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.122, no.8, pp.386-395, 2006-08-25

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

4 7

---

Some 400 tons of platinum group metals (PGM) are yearly produced and used mainly for auto-catalyst, jewelries and electric appliances. The annual growth rate is currently more than 4%. Main resources for PGM exist predominantly in South Africa, Russia and North America, showing that they co-exist with Ni-Cu sulphide in the range of 5-10 ppm in their ores.<BR>Meanwhile, technological developments for fuel cells are being promoted, in which PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) should be used for vehicles and stationary power. The PEMFC needs platinum as a catalyst due to the lower reaction temperature. The imbalance between supply and demand of Pt should become one of critical paths for the PEMFC promotion, if Japanese Government target is realized.<BR>This paper describes the forecast of supply & demand of Platinum based on various researches and investigations, and self-constructed model. Supply of platinum will be short in 2030's on schedule of the Japanese Government's scenario. Political countermeasure should be applied together with resources developments in order to secure the Pt resource.

著者

冨永 博夫 辰已 敬

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.107, no.1, pp.2-7, 1991-01-25 (Released:2011-01-27)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2

著者

亀田 郁朗

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.106, no.11, pp.648-652, 1990-10-25 (Released:2011-01-27)

参考文献数

2

著者

藤井 義明 石島 洋二 後藤 龍彦

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.111, no.14, pp.993-1000, 1995-12-25 (Released:2011-01-27)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

---

In Akabira Colliery, a decision was made to change the angle of influence for the cone-shaped shaft pillar from 60° to 80° in 1985. Mining in the former pillar areas started in 1986 and 2.2 million tons of coal was safely extracted before the mine closure in 1994.Damages have been induced in four levels along the concrete block-lined shaft having length of 680m. It was concluded through observation of lining, monitoring of displacements along the shaft axis and three dimensional elastic stress analysis that the main factors which induced the lining damages are (1) fault slips due to increase of shear stress, (2) increase of vertical stress component or decrease of minimum principal stress in the horizontal plane and (3) stress concentration around roadways connecting to the shaft.A consideration on a reasonable monitoring scheme for shaft damages was also shown.

著者

秩父地区残壁研究会

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.112, no.10, pp.665-669, 1996-09-25 (Released:2011-01-27)

被引用文献数

6 4

---

In Japan, some of limestone quarries have difficulties in development of new areas due to environmental restrictions. Cooperative development and operations at Mt. Bukoh are one of the development examples which meet environmental requirements and natural resource conservation.Mt. Bukoh of which original elevation was 1336m S.L. is located in the western part of Saitama pref. In the early days of development, each company commenced quarrying halfway up the mountain and ended up with only a small amount of mineable reserve. In order to fully exploit the whole resource and to maintain the final slope stability, it was required for the three companies to commence quarrying from top of the mountain maintaining the same operation level together with the same slope design and reforestation plan of the final slope.Owing to the geological structure, it is inevitable that a large final slope which is 2 to 3 km wide and 700 to 800m high-will be formed as quarrying progresses. Therefore it is vital for the three companies to secure slope stability for a long time in harmony with environment protection. All the data acquired through the series of surveys and studies were put into the computer and a comprehensive analysis was implemented. And a automatic survey system which monitors movement of the final slope started for measurement of distances from the station of a surveyor to various survey points on the slope.

著者

竹島 敏正

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, no.13, pp.1011-1016, 1994

被引用文献数

2

著者

竹島 敏正

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, no.13, pp.1011-1016, 1994-11-20 (Released:2011-01-27)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

2

著者

河村 光隆 角館 慶治 鈴木 俊夫

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.116, no.3, pp.161-166, 2000 (Released:2001-11-23)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3 3

---

Chlorine flow in Japan in 1995 was surveyed from the viewpoint of industrial metabolism using a substance flow analysis method. About 3,543 kt / year of chlorine mainly manufactured by electrodialysis of imported salt is converted to various chlorinated substances and consumed. Finally they are emitted as chlorinated organics, salt, ionic solution or polymers into the environment. The industrial metabolism structure of chlorine shows dendritic flow representing mainly raw-product chain relation in chemical reaction. Recycling flows in the metabolism structure can be found in hydrochloric acid , solvent , flon and PVC. Especially the PVC flow diagram has been analized through the usage of PVC. It has been concluded 1,000 kt / year of PVC is accumulated in Japan.

著者

清水 彰

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.113, no.10, pp.776-779, 1997-10-25 (Released:2011-01-27)

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

田崎 和江

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.112, no.12, pp.827-835, 1996-10-25 (Released:2011-01-27)

参考文献数

18

---

Bacteria play an important role in various transportation, concentration and crystallization processes of elements in the earth environmental system.Microbial mineralization is a key role for the concentration of toxic elements and spoiled water systems.Electron microscopic studies have disclosed crystallization of turquoise and jarosite in the early stage of the remediation experiment, conducted at room temperature, by using activated sludge.Amorphous materials concentrated on cell walls at incipient stage, are finally transformed into well-defined crystal structure of biominerals.Various minerals such as carbonate, silicates, iron oxide, hydrate phosphates, sulphides and radioactive materials are produced through bacterial biomineralization and microbial remediation processes.In addition to biomineralization, biodegradation of a variety of hazardous and toxic chemicals in the abandoned mining sites, concrete erosion and river-water ecosystem etc., has also been found.

著者

高桑 豊志 ワイルド G. プラウド D.

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.112, no.11, pp.769-772, 1996

著者

斎藤 敏夫 相原 三男 吉井 勝敏

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.122, no.12, pp.654-658, 2006-12-25 (Released:2009-10-02)

参考文献数

1

---

The major mines around the world are taking the steps for enlargement of the dump truck size to improve the efficiency, and the yearly demand for the 300ton class dump trucks is increasing year by year.About 25% of the total world demand for such 300 ton class dump trucks is predicted to be the demand for the oilsand mines where the demand for the hydraulic shovels looks promising as well.The super large size excavator EX8000 was developed to meet such demand for the matching shovels for the 300 ton class dump trucks.The development was carried out based upon the experience from the existing super large size excavators, and emphasized on achieving the unsurpassed reliability and availability that is the absolute necessity for the loading machines in the mines.Both the first machines, the second machines of EX8000, and the third machines are delivered to the oil Sand mine in Alberta state in Canada. These machines are engaged in digging up the topsoil layer and the oil sand.