- 著者
- Ya-Nan Ma Xuemei Jiang Wei Tang Peipei Song
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2023.01207, (Released:2023-09-01)
- 参考文献数
- 165
- 被引用文献数
- 3
Studies have found that intermittent fasting (IF) can prevent diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and neuropathy, while in humans it has helped to alleviate metabolic syndrome, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and many other disorders. IF involves a series of coordinated metabolic and hormonal changes to maintain the organism's metabolic balance and cellular homeostasis. More importantly, IF can activate hepatic autophagy, which is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis and energy balance, quality control, cell and tissue remodeling, and defense against extracellular damage and pathogens. IF affects hepatic autophagy through multiple interacting pathways and molecular mechanisms, including adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), silent mating-type information regulatory 2 homolog-1 (SIRT1), peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR), as well as signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms such as glucagon and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). These pathways can stimulate the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), play a cytoprotective role, downregulate the expression of aging-related molecules, and prevent the development of steatosis-associated liver tumors. By influencing the metabolism of energy and oxygen radicals as well as cellular stress response systems, IF protects hepatocytes from genetic and environmental factors. By activating hepatic autophagy, IF has a potential role in treating a variety of liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, viral hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. A better understanding of the effects of IF on liver autophagy may lead to new approaches for the prevention and treatment of liver disease.
- 著者
- Ying Zou Hongying Guo Yuyi Zhang Zhengguo Zhang Yu Liu Jiefei Wang Hongzhou Lu Zhiping Qian
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2020.03086, (Released:2020-04-30)
- 参考文献数
- 15
- 被引用文献数
- 69
To investigate the characteristic of coagulation function in 303 patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we evaluated the correlation between coagulation function and disease status. We retrospectively analyzed 303 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and evaluated the clinical data of 240 patients who were discharged. The coagulation function of the two groups (mild and severe) was compared. Compared with the mild group, majority of patients in the severe group were male (76.9% vs. 49.8%) and elderly (median age 65 vs. 50), and the proportion with chronic underlying diseases was higher (73.1% vs. 36.1%). There were 209 abnormalities (69.0%) of coagulation parameters in 303 patients admitted to hospital. Comparison of various indexes of coagulation function between the two groups in admission, the proportion of abnormal coagulation indicators in the severe group was higher than that in the mild group (100% vs. 66.1%). The median coagulation parameters in the severe group were higher than those in the mild group: international normalized ratio (1.04 vs. 1.01), prothrombin time (13.8 vs. 13.4) seconds, activated partial thromboplastin time (43.2 vs. 39.2) seconds, fibrinogen (4.74 vs. 4.33) g/L, fibrinogen degradation products (2.61 vs. 0.99) µg/mL, and D-dimer (1.04 vs. 0.43) µg/mL, the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Coagulation dysfunction is common in patients with COVID-19, especially fibrinogen and D-dimer elevation, and the degree of elevation is related to the severity of the disease. As the disease recovers, fibrinogen and activated partial thromboplastin time also return to normal.
- 著者
- Jufeng Xia
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2020.03154, (Released:2020-05-16)
- 参考文献数
- 14
- 被引用文献数
- 4 8
Recently, an increasing number of reports have indicated that a few patients who were believed to have recovered from COVID-19 initially tested negative but later tested positive. Several hospitals in different countries have detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the semen and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with severe COVID-19. Given the fact that the testes and central nervous system are both immune privilege sites and the fact that Ebola virus and Zika virus can avoid immune clearance and continue proliferating and spreading by hiding in those sites, the question of whether SARS-CoV-2 is present in immune privilege sites, it attacks those sites, and it spreads again after proliferating in those sites needs to be investigated.
- 著者
- Kenji Karako Peipei Song Yu Chen Wei Tang
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.14, no.2, pp.134-138, 2020-04-30 (Released:2020-05-21)
- 参考文献数
- 21
- 被引用文献数
- 8 68
To assess the effectiveness of response strategies of avoiding large gatherings or crowded areas and to predict the spread of COVID-19 infections in Japan, we developed a stochastic transmission model by extending the Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) epidemiological model with an additional modeling of the individual action on whether to stay away from the crowded areas. The population were divided into three compartments: Susceptible, Infected, Removed. Susceptible transitions to Infected every hour with a probability determined by the ratio of Infected and the congestion of area. The total area consists of three zones crowded zone, mid zone and uncrowded zone, with different infection probabilities characterized by the number of people gathered there. The time for each people to spend in the crowded zone is curtailed by 0, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8 hours, and the time spent in mid zone is extended accordingly. This simulation showed that the number of Infected and Removed will increase rapidly if there is no reduction of the time spent in crowded zone. On the other hand, the stagnant growth of Infected can be observed when the time spent in the crowded zone is reduced to 4 hours, and the growth number of Infected will decrease and the spread of the infection will subside gradually if the time spent in the crowded zone is further cut to 2 hours. In conclusions The infection spread in Japan will be gradually contained by reducing the time spent in the crowded zone to less than 4 hours.
- 著者
- Kenji Karako Peipei Song Yu Chen Wei Tang
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2020.01482, (Released:2020-03-19)
- 参考文献数
- 21
- 被引用文献数
- 5 68
To assess the effectiveness of response strategies of avoiding large gatherings or crowded areas and to predict the spread of COVID-19 infections in Japan, we developed a stochastic transmission model by extending the Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) epidemiological model with an additional modeling of the individual action on whether to stay away from the crowded areas. The population were divided into three compartments: Susceptible, Infected, Removed. Susceptible transitions to Infected every hour with a probability determined by the ratio of Infected and the congestion of area. The total area consists of three zones crowded zone, mid zone and uncrowded zone, with different infection probabilities characterized by the number of people gathered there. The time for each people to spend in the crowded zone is curtailed by 0, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8 hours, and the time spent in mid zone is extended accordingly. This simulation showed that the number of Infected and Removed will increase rapidly if there is no reduction of the time spent in crowded zone. On the other hand, the stagnant growth of Infected can be observed when the time spent in the crowded zone is reduced to 4 hours, and the growth number of Infected will decrease and the spread of the infection will subside gradually if the time spent in the crowded zone is further cut to 2 hours. In conclusions The infection spread in Japan will be gradually contained by reducing the time spent in the crowded zone to less than 4 hours.
4 0 0 0 OA Predictive biomarkers for targeted and cytotoxic agents in gastric cancer for personalized medicine
- 著者
- Shalong Wang Lianwen Yuan
- 出版者
- バイオ&ソーシャル・サイエンス推進国際研究交流会
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2016.01078, (Released:2016-06-02)
- 参考文献数
- 92
- 被引用文献数
- 6
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer. The treatment of GC remains challenging as the outcomes achieved with surgery alone or adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy are relatively poor. New treatment strategies are emerging and are being tested in solid tumors including GC. Over the past few years, the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) has made great advances, but strategies to manage GC have improved little. Multiple drug resistance is common in GC chemotherapy and targeted therapy; some patients appear to receive treatment that is suboptimal or even inefficacious. Unfortunately, there are few validated predictive biomarkers to guide the tailored treatment of GC. ToGA and AVAGAST are two phase III trials that tested the efficacy and safety of targeted agents in advanced gastric cancer (AGC), and results clearly indicated that patients need to be selected and that targeted agents are the best hope for better results. This review aims to provide an overview of potential predictive biomarkers for cytotoxic and targeted agents in GC.
- 著者
- Liqin Sun Jiaye Liu Fang Zhao Jun Chen Hongzhou Lu
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2023.01009, (Released:2023-01-22)
- 参考文献数
- 9
The tendency of the Omicron variant to rapidly became the dominant SARS-CoV-2 strain and its weaker virulence than other strains worldwide has prompted many countries to adjust their public health strategies. This work summarizes all appropriate clinical interventions to reduce the public health burden caused by COVID-19 according to guidelines from the World Health Organization and 10 countries, i.e., the United States of America (USA), India, France, Germany, Brazil, South Korea, Japan, Italy, the United Kingdom (UK), and China. Five stages of COVID-19 were identified: asymptomatic infection and mild, moderate, severe, and critical illness. Most guidelines recommend antivirals starting with mild cases for those from Germany and India. Since more drugs are being developed and are becoming available to COVID-19 patients, guidelines are increasingly being updated with new pharmacological intervention strategies. Thus, a global view needs to be adopted to provide helpful options and precise treatment strategies during the lasting fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
- 著者
- Liang Fu Yong Feng Tantan Ren Min Yang Qianting Yang Yi Lin Hui Zeng Jiaohong Zhang Lei Liu Qingyun Li Mengqi He Peize Zhang Haibin Chen Guofang Deng
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2022.01476, (Released:2023-01-02)
- 参考文献数
- 19
- 被引用文献数
- 2
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infects a quarter of the world's population and may progress to active tuberculosis (ATB). There is no gold standard for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Some immunodiagnostic tests are recommended to detect LTBI but can not distinguish ATB from LTBI. The breath test is useful for diagnosing ATB compared to healthy subjects but was never studied for LTBI. This proof-of-concept study (Chinese Clinical Trials Registry number: ChiCTR2200058346) was the first to explore a novel, rapid, and simple LTBI detection method via breath test on high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPPI-TOFMS). The case group of LTBI subjects (n = 185) and the control group (n = 250), which included ATB subgroup (n = 121) and healthy control (HC) subgroup (n = 129), were enrolled. The LTBI detection model indicated that a breath test via HPPI-TOFMS could distinguish LTBI from the control with a sensitivity of 80.0% (95% CI: 67.6%, 92.4%) and a specificity of 80.8% (95% CI: 71.8%, 89.9%). Nevertheless, further intensive studies with a larger sample size are required for clinical application.
3 0 0 0 OA Update on use of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
- 著者
- Jianjun Gao Shasha Hu
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.14, no.2, pp.156-158, 2020-04-30 (Released:2020-05-21)
- 参考文献数
- 17
- 被引用文献数
- 15 38
Drugs that are specifically efficacious against SARS-CoV-2 have yet to be established. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have garnered considerable attention for their potential to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Increasing evidence obtained from completed clinical studies indicates the prospects for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19. More randomized control clinical studies are warranted to determine the feasibility of these two drugs in treating COVID-19.
- 著者
- Zhenwei Wang Xiaorong Chen Yunfei Lu Feifei Chen Wei Zhang
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.14, no.1, pp.64-68, 2020-02-29 (Released:2020-03-16)
- 参考文献数
- 11
- 被引用文献数
- 179 368
Pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is continuously and rapidly circulating at present. No effective antiviral treatment has been verified thus far. We report here the clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for four patients with mild or severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. All the patients were given antiviral treatment including lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra®), arbidol, and Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SFJDC, a traditional Chinese medicine) and other necessary support care. After treatment, three patients gained significant improvement in pneumonia associated symptoms, two of whom were confirmed 2019-nCoV negative and discharged, and one of whom was virus negative at the first test. The remaining patient with severe pneumonia had shown signs of improvement by the cutoff date for data collection. Results obtained in the current study may provide clues for treatment of 2019-nCoV pneumonia. The efficacy of antiviral treatment including lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, and SFJDC warrants further verification in future study.
- 著者
- Jufeng Xia Shuichi Minamino Kazuma Kuwabara
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2020.03308, (Released:2020-09-06)
- 参考文献数
- 59
- 被引用文献数
- 24
Since the approval in 2017 and the amazing achievement of Kymriah and Yescarta, the number of basic researchers and clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T cells (CAR-T cells) has been relentlessly increasing. Up to now, more than 200 clinical trials are listed on clinical trial database of NIH and the basic research is countless. However, the production of allogeneic CAR-T cells products is still expensive and has toxicity. Thus, more effort is needed to develop reliable off-the-shelf cellular therapeutic methods with safety and efficiency for the treatment of patients with cancer. As a kind of innate effector lymphocyte with potent antitumor activity, natural killer cells (NK cells) have attracted much attention. Until now, basic and clinical research has shown that chimeric antigen receptor-expressing NK cell (CAR-NK) therapy may play a significant anti-tumor role and its safety is higher than CAR-T cell therapy. In this review, we discuss advantages and shortages of employing CAR-NK cells as a novel cellular therapy against cancer.
- 著者
- Sho Nishiguchi Nagisa Sugaya Kentaro Sakamaki Shunsaku Mizushima
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.11, no.1, pp.54-61, 2017-02-28 (Released:2017-03-22)
- 参考文献数
- 39
- 被引用文献数
- 2 11
The end-of-life (EOL) care bonus introduced by the Japanese government works as a financial incentive and framework of quality preservation, including advance care planning, for EOL care among nursing home residents. This study aims to clarify the effects of the EOL care bonus in promoting EOL care in nursing homes. A longitudinal observational study using a questionnaire was conducted. We invited 378 nursing homes in Kanagawa prefecture in Japan, a region with a rapidly aging population, to participate in the study. The outcome was the number of residents dying in nursing homes from 2004 to 2014. In a linear mixed model, fixed-effect factors included year established, unit care, regional elderly population rate and hospital beds, adjacent affiliated hospital, full-time physician on site, physician's support during off-time, basic EOL care policy, usage of the EOL care bonus, EOL care conference, and staff experience of EOL care. A total of 237 nursing home facilities responded (62.7%). The linear mixed model showed that the availability of the EOL care bonus (coefficient 3.1, 95 % CI 0.67-5.51, p = 0.012) and years of usage of the EOL care bonus (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with increased numbers of residents dying in nursing homes. Our analysis revealed that the EOL care bonus has the potential to increase the number of residents receiving EOL care in nursing homes over several years. EOL care conferences, physician support for emergency care during off-time, and the presence of an adjacent affiliated hospital may also increase the number of residents receiving EOL care in nursing homes. These results suggest that a government financial incentive may contribute to effective EOL care among nursing home residents in other developed countries with rapidly aging populations.
- 著者
- Genya Kobayashi Shonosuke Sugasawa Hiromasa Tamae Takayuki Ozu
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2020.03133, (Released:2020-05-28)
- 参考文献数
- 15
- 被引用文献数
- 30
Japan has observed a surge in the number of confirmed cases of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that has caused a serious impact on the society especially after the declaration of the state of emergency on April 7, 2020. This study analyzes the real time data from March 1 to April 22, 2020 by adopting a sophisticated statistical modeling based on the state space model combined with the well-known susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model. The model estimation and forecasting are conducted using the Bayesian methodology. The present study provides the parameter estimates of the unknown parameters that critically determine the epidemic process derived from the SIR model and prediction of the future transition of the infectious proportion including the size and timing of the epidemic peak with the prediction intervals that naturally accounts for the uncertainty. Even though the epidemic appears to be settling down during this intervention period, the prediction results under various scenarios using the data up to May 18 reveal that the temporary reduction in the infection rate would still result in a delayed the epidemic peak unless the long-term reproduction number is controlled.
3 0 0 0 OA Pain perception after colorectal surgery: A propensity score matched prospective cohort study
- 著者
- Fabian Grass Matthieu Cachemaille David Martin Nicolas Fournier Dieter Hahnloser Catherine Blanc Nicolas Demartines Martin Hübner
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.12, no.1, pp.47-53, 2018-02-28 (Released:2018-03-18)
- 参考文献数
- 37
- 被引用文献数
- 12
The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to compare multimodal pain management and pain perception after open vs. laparoscopic colorectal surgery within enhanced recovery care. Pain scores at rest and at mobilization were prospectively assessed in consecutive patients using Visual Analog Scales (VAS 0-10) and consumption of different analgesics was recorded daily until 96 hours postoperatively. Uni- and multivariate risk factors for pain peaks (≥ 4/10) were identified by logistic regression and compared between two propensity score matched groups (open vs. laparoscopic). 156 open and 176 laparoscopic procedures were included. Mean VAS scores were consistently < 3 until 96 hours at rest and at mobilization. Patients operated by laparoscopy experienced more pain peaks (≥ 4) within 24 hours (p < 0.05), while patients operated by open approach experienced more pain peaks (≥ 4) during mobilization at 72 hours (p < 0.05). Independent risk factors for insufficient pain control (≥ 4) within 24 hours from surgery were duration of the procedure (OR 3.37, 95%CI 2.03-5.59), emergency surgery (OR 3.01, 95%CI 1.72-5.31), wound infiltration (OR 3.23, 95%CI 0.97-10.70), age < 70 years (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.18-3.48) and ASA I-II score (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.19-3.56). The perioperative adding of lidocaine ± ketamine to opioids did not improve postoperative pain perception nor decrease morphine equivalents. In conclusion, overall pain scores were low after colorectal surgery. However, pain peaks remained a concern early after minimally invasive surgery and after epidural removal for open surgery. Multimodal strategies were not superior to opioids alone.
- 著者
- Xuanjun Dong Jie Yang Lianqin Lou Liebo Zhu Xiayan Feng Linong Yao
- 出版者
- バイオ&ソーシャル・サイエンス推進国際研究交流会
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2017.01113, (Released:2017-06-18)
- 参考文献数
- 5
- 被引用文献数
- 2
This study reviewed and analyzed data on malaria cases in Yiwu from 2012 to 2016 via a webbased system for managing and reporting information on infectious diseases. A total of 161 cases were diagnosed (77.02% due to Plasmodium falciparum, 18.01% due to P. vivax, 4.35% due to P. ovale, and 0.62% due to P. malariae). One case was imported from Yunnan Province in China and the others were imported from overseas. The ratio of male to female patients was 7.47:1. The average age was 36.34 years (SD: 9.63). Most cases (87.58%) were imported from 1 of 30 countries in Africa. As malaria is gradually being eliminated in China, the main task at this stage has transitioned to the prevention and control of cases of imported malaria. Particular attention should be paid to malaria cases from Africa.
- 著者
- Ya-Nan Ma Xuemei Jiang Wei Tang Peipei Song
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.17, no.5, pp.335-355, 2023-10-31 (Released:2023-11-18)
- 参考文献数
- 165
- 被引用文献数
- 3
Studies have found that intermittent fasting (IF) can prevent diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and neuropathy, while in humans it has helped to alleviate metabolic syndrome, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and many other disorders. IF involves a series of coordinated metabolic and hormonal changes to maintain the organism's metabolic balance and cellular homeostasis. More importantly, IF can activate hepatic autophagy, which is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis and energy balance, quality control, cell and tissue remodeling, and defense against extracellular damage and pathogens. IF affects hepatic autophagy through multiple interacting pathways and molecular mechanisms, including adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), silent mating-type information regulatory 2 homolog-1 (SIRT1), peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR), as well as signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms such as glucagon and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). These pathways can stimulate the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), play a cytoprotective role, downregulate the expression of aging-related molecules, and prevent the development of steatosis-associated liver tumors. By influencing the metabolism of energy and oxygen radicals as well as cellular stress response systems, IF protects hepatocytes from genetic and environmental factors. By activating hepatic autophagy, IF has a potential role in treating a variety of liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, viral hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. A better understanding of the effects of IF on liver autophagy may lead to new approaches for the prevention and treatment of liver disease.
- 著者
- Jing Cao Yirong Shi Min Wen Yuanyuan Peng Qiqi Miao Xiaoning Liu Mingbin Zheng Tetsuya Asakawa Hongzhou Lu
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2022.01495, (Released:2022-12-09)
- 参考文献数
- 20
- 被引用文献数
- 4
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a high-level disinfectant that is safe and widely used for sterilization. Due to the limitations on preparing a stable solution, direct use of ClO2 in the human body is limited. Nasal irrigation is an alternative therapy used to treat respiratory infectious diseases. This study briefly summarizes the available evidence regarding the safety/efficacy of directly using ClO2 on the human body as well as the approach of nasal irrigation to treat COVID-19. Based on the available information, as well as a preliminary experiment that comprehensively evaluated the efficacy and safety of ClO2, 25-50 ppm was deemed to be an appropriate concentration of ClO2 for nasal irrigation to treat COVID-19. This finding requires further verification. Nasal irrigation with ClO2 can be considered as a potential alternative therapy to treat respiratory infectious diseases, and COVID-19 in particular.
- 著者
- Wei Qin Yirong Shi Weimei Chen Xiaokang Jia Tetsuya Asakawa
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2022.01352, (Released:2022-08-24)
- 参考文献数
- 56
- 被引用文献数
- 6
By far, no revolutionary breakthrough in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) was found. It is indeed a knotty problem to select a satisfactory strategy for treating some patients with advanced stage PD. Development of novel therapeutic targets against PD has been an urgent task faced by global PD researchers. Targets in the tryptophan–kynurenine pathway (KP) were then considered. Metabolites in the KP are liposoluble. Some neurotoxic metabolites, including 3-hydroxykynurenine and its downstream 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and quinolinic acid, are mainly produced peripherally. They can easily cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and exert their neurotoxic effects in the central neuron system (CNS), which is considered as a potential pathophysiological mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, agents against the targets in the KP have two characteristics: (1) being independent from the dopaminergic system and (2) being seldom affected by the BBB. Inspiringly, one agent, namely, the inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, has been currently reported to present satisfactory efficacy comparable to levodopa, implying that the KP might be a potential novel target for PD. This review collected and summarized the updated information regarding the association of the KP with PD, which is helpful for understanding the clinical value of the KP in the PD scenario.
- 著者
- Kenichiro Sato Yoshiki Niimi Tatsuo Mano Atsushi Iwata Takeshi Iwatsubo
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2022.01115, (Released:2022-04-20)
- 参考文献数
- 18
- 被引用文献数
- 1
Whether there are differences in the time to onset of drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) depending on the type of drugs causing DIP remains uncertain, so that question was investigated here using a large real-world database. Fourteen DIP-related drug categories were defined to perform a disproportionality analysis using a large Japanese pharmacovigilance database containing more than 600,000 self-reported adverse events (AEs) recorded between April 2004 and September 2021 to identify AEs indicating "parkinsonism" in association with the defined drug categories. The time from drug administration to the onset of DIP was comparatively analyzed. Results indicated that the median time to onset was shorter than 1 month in more than half of the cases of DIP; it was shortest with peripheral dopamine antagonists (median: 0.1 weeks), followed by benzodiazepine (median: 0.5 weeks), butyrophenone (median: 0.7 weeks), novel antidepressants (median: 2.5 weeks), atypical antipsychotics (median: 3.3 weeks), other antidepressants (e.g., lithium, median: 3.7 weeks), and benzamide (median: 4.5 weeks). In contrast, anti-dementia drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, and antiepileptic drugs resulted in a relatively longer time to onset (median: 9.9, 17.2, and 28.4 weeks, respectively). In addition, a maximum delay of even longer than 2 years was reported for benzamide (846 weeks), anti-Parkinsonism drugs (382 weeks), phenothiazine (232 weeks), atypical antipsychotics (167 weeks), anti-dementia drugs (161 weeks), and benzodiazepines (120 weeks). The current results suggested that the characteristics of the time to onset of DIP may substantially differ depending on the type of drug causing that DIP. This finding may help when diagnosing patients with parkinsonism.
- 著者
- Na He
- 出版者
- International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
- 雑誌
- BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2021.01261, (Released:2021-07-01)
- 参考文献数
- 32
- 被引用文献数
- 4
The globe has witnessed the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 mutations and emerging variants of concern (VOCs) and variants of interest (VOIs) that have broadly impacted the transmissibility, antigenicity, morbidity, and mortality of the virus. Although around 2.5 billion vaccine doses have been administered worldwide, vaccine coverage remains far behind the minimum threshold needed to achieve herd immunity overall and it varies substantially by country. Many countries, and especially low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), are struggling with access to COVID-19 vaccines and a lack of personnel to perform mass vaccination. Effective nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are also not unanimously accepted and strictly complied with by the public and local communities. Moreover, the global fight against COVID-19 is and continues to face geopolitical, social, economic, and human rights concerns. Taken together, these circumstances call for a unified public health response with well-organized individual, local, national, and global efforts and actions to achieve success in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic and achieving sustainable health and development goals.