文献一覧: 21887535 (ISSN) - Ceek.jp Altmetrics

1 0 0 0 OA 台風の数値予報の始まり、あるいは黎明期の計算気象学における問題意識の連鎖 (特集近現代の気象学における観測とシミュレーション)

著者: 有賀暢迪
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.54, no.276, pp.314, 2016 (Released:2021-01-05)

2021-10-02 20:44:49
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1 0 0 0 OA 軽水炉の日本への導入と米国の核不拡散政策1964~1968年 : 中国の核実験と日本の核保有阻止策としての原子力(アトムズフォーピース)

著者: 山崎正勝
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.53, no.270, pp.199, 2014 (Released:2020-12-09)

Japan and the United States signed in 1968 a new atomic energy agreement through which US light-water nuclear reactors, including those of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant of Tokyo Electric Power Company, were to be introduced into Japan. This paper studies the history of negotiations for the 1968 agreement using documents declassified in the 1990s in the US and Japan. After the success of the Chinese nuclear test in October 1964, the United States became seriously concerned about nuclear armament of other countries in Asia including Japan. Expecting that Japan would not have its own nuclear weapons, the US offered to help the country to demonstrate its superiority in some fields of science including peaceful nuclear energy to counter the psychological effect of the Chinese nuclear armament. Driven by his own political agenda, the newly appointed Prime Minister Eisaku Sato responded to the US expectation favorably. When he met in January 1965 with President Johnson, Sato made it clear that Japan would not pursue nuclear weapons. Although the US continued its support after this visit, it nevertheless gave priority to the control of nuclear technology in Japan through the bilateral peaceful nuclear agreement. This paper argues that the 1968 agreement implicitly meant a strategic measure to prevent Japan from going nuclear and also a tactic to persuade Japan to join the Nuclear Non -Proliferation Treaty.

2021-08-08 09:10:00
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1 0 0 0 世界史教科書記述と知の歴史 : 西洋史学の視点 (小特集今日の科学史リテラシーとは : ヒストリオグラフィーと教授戦略)

著者: 小澤実
出版者: 日本科学史学会 ; 2014-
雑誌: 科学史研究. [第Ⅲ期] = Journal of history of science, Japan. [Series Ⅲ] (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: no.295, pp.269-274, 2020-10

2021-08-02 11:12:41
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https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40022401166

1 0 0 0 幕末期における蒸気船運転と蒸気機関 : 加賀藩の発機丸を事例に

著者: 坂本卓也
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.59, no.294, pp.131-148, 2020

The author will clarify the engine operation and its specifications of Hakki-Maru of Kaga clan that was the steamship introduced to Japan at the end of the Tokugawa period. Hakki-Maru was propelled by sails and a steam engine on Japanʼs coastline. The engine operation was relatively smooth under the calm weather, but some steam leaks of the boiler occurred mainly at the stormy weather. Though the boiler of Hakki-Maru was designed to generate steam pressures of 60 psi., the steam pressure was frequently less than 1/4 of the maximum working pressure. The repair of the engine required the help of a Shogunate engineer with a lot of operating experience. Hakki-Maru built in the United Kingdom and was equipped with a compound engine. Also it is highly probable that a combination of cylindrical boiler and surface condenser was equipped. These were developed to improve the efficiency of the engine but had been just put into practical use. The frequent breakdowns at Hakki-Maru were due to the installation of the latest equipment that required careful operation and maintenance. The steamship sold to Japan at the end of the Tokugawa period included not only old ones but also new one equipped with some cutting-edge technology. Since the steamship itself was the means of transportation, the latest technology onboard could quickly spread to the distant locations.

2021-07-31 18:34:50
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1 0 0 0 OA 日本の高エネルギー研究者集団の形成における科研費総合研究宮本班の役割

著者: 平田光司高岩義信
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.56, no.281, pp.17, 2017 (Released:2020-12-15)

2021-06-29 20:02:32
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1 0 0 0 『関訂書』に見られる明代後期の中国・回回暦法研究について

著者: 小林博行
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.53, no.269, pp.85-98, 2014

The Seki Teisyo (関訂書), a manuscript compiled by Seki Takakazu (関孝和) in 1686, is known to consist of 15 treatises which Seki extracted from an early Qing astronomical and astrological corpus, the Tianwen Dacheng Guankui Jiyao (天文大成管窺輯要). Containing a detailed account of the Shoushi Li (授時暦) as well as a comparative study of Chinese and Islamic calendrical systems, these treatises have drawn the attention not only of Seki but of modern historians. In this paper, I show that 14 of the 15 treatises Seki selected had been composed by a late Ming scholar, Zhou Shuxue (周述学), who discussed issues with Tang Shunzhi (唐順之). Their time predates the era in which the mathematical basis of the Shoushi Li was scrutinized and a new Chinese calendrical system was invented incorporating Western astronomical knowledge. I also mention some earlier works that Tang and Zhou could have consulted. Although Seki never knew the author of the treatises nor their background, his concern centered on themes that seem to have derived from one of those earlier works: the Liyuan (暦源).

2021-06-11 19:43:40
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1 0 0 0 OA カイロ・ゲニザ文書における眼病の治療について

著者: 法貴遊
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.54, no.274, pp.37, 2015 (Released:2020-12-14)

The present article explores practical aspects of medieval ophthalmology in Cairo Genizah, by examining an exchange of letters (T-S 10J16.16) between two ophthalmologists (Abu Zikri and Abu 'Ali). In this document, written between the twelfth and thirteenth century, they talked about conditions and treatments of three eye diseases, i.e. ulcer of cornea (qarha fi qarniya), conjunctivitis (ramad) and trachoma (jarab). I compare their descriptions with the explanations found in major Arabic ophthalmological texts, and thereby reveal the practical dimension of their medical activity. At the stage of diagnosis, Abu Zikri's observation was based on the same pathological knowledge as described in the medieval Arabic medical texts, which was also shared by Abu 'All. However, when deciding the treatment plans, the two ophthalmologists, though still basing themselves on the same medical books, adopted different methods. Finally, at the stage of prescription, Abu 'Ali suggested the use of some medical substances that could seldom be found in the major texts. His knowledge of pharmacotherapy could come from his experiences (tajriba). Although such empirical knowledge might not have affected Abu 'All's basic physiology, its accumulation within the domain of pharmacotherapy could have influenced his decision about treatment plans.