著者

嘉手苅 徹 豊嶋 建広 井下 佳織 Toru Kadekaru Tatehiro Toyoshima Kaori Inoshita

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:21895333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.69-80, 2017-03-10

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The aim of this paper is to investigate how唐手(Toudi) was evaluated in society between 1879, when Okinawa Prefecture was established, and 1905 when Toudi was initially adopted as part of the gymnastics program at junior high schools in Okinawa. This attempt to clarify some aspects of Toudi after the Ryukyu Annexation is based on research using materials such as articles in Ryukyu Shinpo, the local newspaper, and educational magazines of that time. An examination of such documents reveals that the era was an important turning point for “Toudi” on its journey to becoming “Karate,” which is still written using the same characters, 唐手. Karate was, on one hand, condemned as “ one of the customsthat should be refined” under the assimilation educational policy of the Meiji Government. On the other hand, it was widely practised at local annual events and welcome parties for military personnel. Karate also found a place in school activities like farewell parties or sports meets of the Okinawa Prefecture Normal School.

著者

Yusoff Irma Yazreen Md. Lau Sim Yee Irma Yazreen Md. Yusoff Sim Yee Lau

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:21895333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.107-126, 2016-03-10

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This study formulates a CSR index―which is a multi-dimensional metric―for assessing the performance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of the Top100 PLCs in market capitalization in the Bursa Malaysia. Data on financial performances of these companies in 2012 were sourced from Thompson DataStream whilst other CSR related components were taken from each company's annual report and sustainability report that are available in public domain. CSR index of each Top 100 PLCs was computed by unweighted and weighted methods. This result shows that Public Bank is strongly balanced in profit generation and CSR contribution. The findings also show the rankings of some PLCs have improved when CSR activities with the assigned weightage are incorporated as moderators for evaluating CSR performances. The opposite results were also evident from the analysis. More importantly, the results suggest that with an appropriate system of metrics in quantifying CSR performances, a corporation could certainly achieve a better standing in the society not merely due to a better financial performance but because of its strive to becoming a more responsible corporate citizen in enhancing social wellbeing beyond the acts of paying taxes, employment generation and maximization of shareholders wealth. Hence CSR activities should not be viewed as a means for improving public and investment relations but they ought to be included as an integral part of the corporate's role in the society.

著者

嘉手苅 徹 豊嶋 建広 井下 佳織 Toru Kadekaru Tatehiro Toyoshima Kaori Inoshita

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:21895333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.69-80, 2017-03-10

---

The aim of this paper is to investigate how唐手(Toudi) was evaluated in society between 1879, when Okinawa Prefecture was established, and 1905 when Toudi was initially adopted as part of the gymnastics program at junior high schools in Okinawa. This attempt to clarify some aspects of Toudi after the Ryukyu Annexation is based on research using materials such as articles in Ryukyu Shinpo, the local newspaper, and educational magazines of that time. An examination of such documents reveals that the era was an important turning point for "Toudi" on its journey to becoming "Karate," which is still written using the same characters, 唐手. Karate was, on one hand, condemned as " one of the customsthat should be refined" under the assimilation educational policy of the Meiji Government. On the other hand, it was widely practised at local annual events and welcome parties for military personnel. Karate also found a place in school activities like farewell parties or sports meets of the Okinawa Prefecture Normal School.

著者

伊藤 哲 Satoshi Ito

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:21895333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.165-175, 2015-03-20

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I intend to insist that both Keynes and Smith considered the common respect of Economics as one of Social Science. Keynes stated that Economics was one of Moral Science, as Smith pointed out the difference between Moral philosophy and Natural philosophy. However, Hume emphasized Moral philosophy should adopted Newton's experimental method in the analysis of human nature. Keynes doubted whether human acts were based on Mathematical expectation, and indicated the instability due to the characteristic of human nature. Equally Smith submitted that the casuists made mistakes their end for the rules of justice. Criticizing Casuistry, Keynes and Smith recognized that Economics connoted the insecurity of human nature which created social dynamics.

著者

藤野 真也 真中 克明

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:21895333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.3-11, 2022-03-01

著者

大塚 祐一 Yuichi Otsuka

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:21895333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.81-93, 2017-03-10

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In previous times, Japanese companies were regarded as a kind of community (Gemeinschaft). The Japanese management style which respects harmony and cooperation supported the growth of companies from the period of high economic growth to the 1980s. Generally, in Japanese management theory, the value of collectivism as an ideology is emphasized. Apart from this, a new view of corporate-community based on Aristotle philosophy (virtue ethics) or communitarian-thinking appeared after the 1990s. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the characteristics of each concept of corporate-community and to examine the differences between them.

著者

近江 啓太 Keita Omi

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:21895333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.95-99, 2017-03-10

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This article reviews, “ Politics and Strategy: Partisan Ambition and American Statecraft” by Peter Trubowitz, published in 2011 from Princeton University Press, introducing to potential readers some theoretical and methodological strengths and weaknesses of the book. For scholars and experts, especially on U. S. foreign policy issues, the book pushes the boundaries of traditional understanding of country’s grand strategy typology and it rekindles structural incentives arguments of both domestic and international politics by reconstructing the conventional knowledge of international relations. For the general public, the book takes readers on a brief excursion into what scientific research is and how social science research is being conducted in exploring politics.

著者

上元 亘 Wataru Uémoto

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:21895333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.39-51, 2017-03-10

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The proportion of the service industry to Japan’ s whole economy is increasing year by year and it has been a subject of interest among the government and companies to enhance the productivity of the service industry that is significantly lower than that of other developed countries. The service standardization hasattracted attention as a means to enhance this productivity; however, little research has been done so far. Furthermore, former researches have paid little attention to the consumer behaviour in service standardization. This research, from the findings of customer-to-customer interaction researches and the consumer culture theory, suggests that customers can standardize their consumption behaviours themselves in service settings and that they may vary depending on service types and customer’scharacteristics.

著者

Yamashita Miki Miki Yamashita

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:21895333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.93-105, 2016-03-10

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This qualitative study explores the effectiveness of an active learning project for a group of two male and four female Japanese students in my seminar course in the economics department of a small liberal arts college in suburban Tokyo, Japan.The students created and implemented a project called the Human Library (HL), designed to improve their generic skills, especially the relational ones essential to collaborative and healthy human relationships.The importance of active learning and mentoring to the project are described, and an account of the main HL event is provided.Relational cultural theory is then used to evaluate the project’s impact on the students’ generic skills.It is concluded that its effects were generally positive, but that improvements to the project and to the data collection about it are possible and desirable.

著者

中畑 邦夫 Kunio Nakahata

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:21895333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.115-130, 2015-03-20

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In this article, I deal with unique arguments on the masses in Ango Sakaguchi’s works which was written mainly after the Pacific War, and try to show its significance.To understand Ango’s arguments on the masses, it is necessary to comprehend his concept of Karakuri. Karakuri means systems, which involve not only ‘visible systems’ such as political systems or legislative systems, but also ‘invisible systems’ such as morals, manners and customs of communities, and even habits in personal life. Karakuris are established based on human nature, or on the fact that as long as humans live, they have will to live, and to live better, and in Ango’s works, human nature is nature of masses who are faithful to their will personally in any social circumstances, and all the humans are masses radically and intrinsically. But there are cases where to be faithful to human nature impedes our life of a person, or of a community. So Karakuri must be established, even though it is contradictory to human nature. For example, during the war time, the military had to make soldiers faithful to a Karakuri called bushido, morals of soldiers that it is much better to die than to receive disgrace as captive, because Japanese would hate to battle in general, and without such Karakuri, Japanese would escape from the battles for their country.In this way, Karakuris shows peculiarity or special characteristics of persons or communities, even though they are based on universal human nature or nature of masses, and in Japan they brought about tragic situations. Never to repeat such situations, and to realize eternal peace, Ango points out absurdity and contradictory construction of conventional Karakuri as to what Japanese people are, or peculiarity of Japanese people, and insists that Japanese people go back to or evolve into, nature of masses or universality. And as a way to universality, Ango argues the importance of art which is not conventional in or peculiar to Japan, but is open to masses universally.