著者

大橋 照枝 Terue Ohashi

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤経済研究 = Reitaku International Journal of Economic Studies (ISSN:09196706)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.19-49, 2009-09-30

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Sustainable welfare indicator HSM (Human Satisfaction Measure) including Triple bottom line (Society, Environment and Economy) was proposed by Ohashi in 2000 and developed from Ver. 1, Ver. 2-(1), Ver. 2-(2), Ver. 3-(1), Ver. 3-(2), Ver. 4, Ver. 5 with help of Dr. Hong Nguyen and Professor Nobuyuki Kimata.For the further development of HSM, Ohashi tried to introduce weighting research of 6 categories (Labor, Health, Education, Gender, Environment and Income) using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process ) Method, conducted in Japan ( 2007 ), and Sweden ( 2008 ), named "Questionnaire on Ideal Society PartI".In the questionnaire Ohashi included one open-ended question " What is your Ideal Society?".Using the text mining software named True Teller of Nomura Research Institute, analyzing the open-ended answers of both countries to "words mapping", Ohashi found the interesting results. The keywords mutually found in both countries are " environmental consciousness" and "stability of life". The keywords appeared only in Japan is "no social gap" and only in Sweden "democracy", "equality" and "education".Democracy was considered as key factor of social sustainability from 19th century in Sweden.HSM is composed by triple bottom line : Society, environment and economy, as indispensable factor for social sustainability.But democracy is also important as healthy society.So, Ohashi conducted the research named "Questionnaire on Ideal Society Part II" in Sweden and Japan in May 2009.In the research , Ohashi included one open-ended question, "What kinds of aspects of Sweden do you like most?" in Swedish research, and "What kinds of aspects of Japan do you like most" in Japanese questionnaire.Analyzing the answer using True Teller as word mapping, the keywords appeared in both countries are quite different.In Sweden, "Democracy", "Freedom of speech" and "Equality" are the keywords of most favorite aspects of their country. In Japan, "Nature", "Environment", "The national character","Peace", and "Culture" are the aspects Japanese like most about their country.Swedish respondents love the foundation of country people depend upon, but Japanese love the aspect of software of their country and they don't aware the foundation through which they can enjoy peace, culture and so on.In Sweden, Social Democratic Party is established in 1889 as the first political party and it was the main party governing most of the political history and contributed forming the democratic and welfare society of Sweden.Japan, on the other hand, got democracy after the defeat of World War II with the help of GHQ (General Headquarters). Thus, Japanese have almost no history to endeavor to make democracy by their own.So there is some delay in democratic thinking in Japan comparing with Sweden, and it makes unhappy phenomena in Japanese society.Such findings Ohashi got the results of this research.Through the research, Ohashi concludes that in order to increase the HSM value of Japan,the key is to raise the consciousness of democracy in Japan.

著者

八代 京子 Kyoko Yashiro

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:09196714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.73-87, 2009-09-30

著者

嘉手苅 徹 豊嶋 建広 井下 佳織 Toru Kadekaru Tatehiro Toyoshima Kaori Inoshita

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:21895333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.69-80, 2017-03-10

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The aim of this paper is to investigate how唐手(Toudi) was evaluated in society between 1879, when Okinawa Prefecture was established, and 1905 when Toudi was initially adopted as part of the gymnastics program at junior high schools in Okinawa. This attempt to clarify some aspects of Toudi after the Ryukyu Annexation is based on research using materials such as articles in Ryukyu Shinpo, the local newspaper, and educational magazines of that time. An examination of such documents reveals that the era was an important turning point for “Toudi” on its journey to becoming “Karate,” which is still written using the same characters, 唐手. Karate was, on one hand, condemned as “ one of the customsthat should be refined” under the assimilation educational policy of the Meiji Government. On the other hand, it was widely practised at local annual events and welcome parties for military personnel. Karate also found a place in school activities like farewell parties or sports meets of the Okinawa Prefecture Normal School.

著者

笠原 弘義

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤経済研究 (ISSN:09196706)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.19-29, 2006-09

著者

土井 正 Tadashi Doi

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:09196714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.27-40, 2009-03-10

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In recent years, the rapid development and penetration of the Internet have brought about convenience to users on one hand, while on the other hand, so-called "black websites" are becoming a social issue. Consequently, there is an increasing numer of incidences where minors can get access to harmful material and consequently become involved in crime. To tackle such illegal and harmful information, the police have set up cyber patrols and are cracking down on those who post illegal information. Also, measures are being carried out by providers and ebulletin board administrators to prevent the sending of illegal or harmful information, and the filtering of information is performed by the receivers of information. But an enormous amount of new information is circulated daily on the Internet, and in addition, there is also data that is stored on servers installed abroad. It is very difficult to shield children from harmful web sites. The Japan Newspaper Publishers and Editors Association, which is the representative of the mass media, opposes any move that would appear to foster government intervention, because it must refrain from making any moves that would restrict the constitutionally-guaranteed freedom of expression. However,they find it unacceptable to help with the circulation of such harmful information. The mass media enterprises in the Internet age should change their business structures and strategies. The study described in this paper examines the influences of the mass media and harmful information on the Internet.

著者

Yusoff Irma Yazreen Md. Lau Sim Yee Irma Yazreen Md. Yusoff Sim Yee Lau

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:21895333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.107-126, 2016-03-10

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This study formulates a CSR index―which is a multi-dimensional metric―for assessing the performance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of the Top100 PLCs in market capitalization in the Bursa Malaysia. Data on financial performances of these companies in 2012 were sourced from Thompson DataStream whilst other CSR related components were taken from each company's annual report and sustainability report that are available in public domain. CSR index of each Top 100 PLCs was computed by unweighted and weighted methods. This result shows that Public Bank is strongly balanced in profit generation and CSR contribution. The findings also show the rankings of some PLCs have improved when CSR activities with the assigned weightage are incorporated as moderators for evaluating CSR performances. The opposite results were also evident from the analysis. More importantly, the results suggest that with an appropriate system of metrics in quantifying CSR performances, a corporation could certainly achieve a better standing in the society not merely due to a better financial performance but because of its strive to becoming a more responsible corporate citizen in enhancing social wellbeing beyond the acts of paying taxes, employment generation and maximization of shareholders wealth. Hence CSR activities should not be viewed as a means for improving public and investment relations but they ought to be included as an integral part of the corporate's role in the society.

著者

嘉手苅 徹 豊嶋 建広 井下 佳織 Toru Kadekaru Tatehiro Toyoshima Kaori Inoshita

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:21895333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.69-80, 2017-03-10

---

The aim of this paper is to investigate how唐手(Toudi) was evaluated in society between 1879, when Okinawa Prefecture was established, and 1905 when Toudi was initially adopted as part of the gymnastics program at junior high schools in Okinawa. This attempt to clarify some aspects of Toudi after the Ryukyu Annexation is based on research using materials such as articles in Ryukyu Shinpo, the local newspaper, and educational magazines of that time. An examination of such documents reveals that the era was an important turning point for "Toudi" on its journey to becoming "Karate," which is still written using the same characters, 唐手. Karate was, on one hand, condemned as " one of the customsthat should be refined" under the assimilation educational policy of the Meiji Government. On the other hand, it was widely practised at local annual events and welcome parties for military personnel. Karate also found a place in school activities like farewell parties or sports meets of the Okinawa Prefecture Normal School.

著者

伊藤 哲 Satoshi Ito

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:21895333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.165-175, 2015-03-20

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I intend to insist that both Keynes and Smith considered the common respect of Economics as one of Social Science. Keynes stated that Economics was one of Moral Science, as Smith pointed out the difference between Moral philosophy and Natural philosophy. However, Hume emphasized Moral philosophy should adopted Newton's experimental method in the analysis of human nature. Keynes doubted whether human acts were based on Mathematical expectation, and indicated the instability due to the characteristic of human nature. Equally Smith submitted that the casuists made mistakes their end for the rules of justice. Criticizing Casuistry, Keynes and Smith recognized that Economics connoted the insecurity of human nature which created social dynamics.

著者

大橋 照枝

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤経済研究 = Reitaku International Journal of Economic Studies (ISSN:09196706)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.29-53, 2011-03-10

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I The defects of GDP GDP:Gross Domestic Product adds as economic effects the expense of retrieval of environmental damage,traffic or auto accidents or even the cost of family breakdown which are inconsistent the welfare and happiness of people. On the contrary the women's housekeeping work that's indispensable for people's welfare but no payment is not counted to GDP.So,GDP was criticized by many people for the long time.First criticizer of GDP was Simon Kuznets(1901-1985).He was himself the developer of GNP:Gross National Product.In 1930s the Commerce Department of USA asked a young economist Mr.Simon Kuznets,to develop a uniform set of national accounts.He developed GNP in1932.Thse became the prototype for what we now call the GDP.But Kuznets knew well GNP is not the indicator of welfare.So he reported to Congress in 1934 and warned that GNP is not the indicator of welfare.In 1960s to 1970s, many people (politician, philosopher,sociologist and social reformer) criticized GDP. They are R.F.Kennedy(1968),Baudrillard(1970),Daniel Bell (1973),Hazel Henderson(1978),and Ralph Nader(1978)and so on. II Beyond GDP Recently,the movement of Beyond GDP occurred.And the Beyond GDP conference was held in 19&20 November 2007 in Brussels,organized by the European Commission,European Parliament,Club of Rome,OECD and WWF.They discussed the defects of GDP,but contents remained unchanged as the discussion in 60es and 70es. In 2008,French president Nicolas Sarkozy organized Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress(CMEPSP).CMEPSP was chaired by Professor Joseph E. Stiglitz,Columbia University,Professor Amartya Sen,Harvard University. Chair Adviser,and Professor Jean-Paul Fitoussi,Institut d' Etudes Politiques de Paris.Coodinator.And 21 other famous Economists in the world were the members.The report of CMEPSP was published in September 2009,But. it was not a single metric indicator taking the place of GDP. Stiglitz preferred a Dashboard more than a Single Metric. III Indicators Complementing and modifying GDP I)MEW:Measures of Economic Welfare Nordhaus,W.and Tobin,J.,1972, "Is Growth Obsolete?",Economic Growth,National Bureau of Economic Reserch,pp.1-80 II)NNW:Net National Welfare Keizaishingikai NNW Kaihatsuiinkai,1973, "Atarashii Fukushishihyo NNW",Japan. III)ISEW/GPI:Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare/Genuine Progress Indicator ・Herman E. Daly and John B. Cobb, Jr,1989,1994,for the common good,Beacon Press.・Redefining Progress,1999 ,the Genuine Progress Indecator.IV)SEEA :Handbook of National Accounting:Integlated System of Environmental and Economic Accounting United Nations 2004,Handbook of National Accounting :Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting,2003,Final draft Circulated for Information Prior to Official Editing V)HDI:Human Development Index Published every year from 1990 by UNDP. VI)HPI:Happy Planet Index Published by the New Economics Foundation U.K.,in 2006,2009. VII)HSM:Human Satisfaction Measure Terue Ohashi,2010,Democracy as the Indicator of Sustainability-From the research of "Questionnaire on Ideal Society Part2"in Japan and Sweden-,Reitaku International Journal of Economic Studies Vol.18,No.1,March 2010,pp.9-33 IV Conclusion Almost all indicators,complementing GDP do not deny the presence of GDP,even the Stigritz report.

著者

藤野 真也 真中 克明

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:21895333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.3-11, 2022-03-01

著者

高 巖 Iwao Taka

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤経済研究 = Reitaku International Journal of Economic Studies (ISSN:09196706)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.57-66, 2010-03-10

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In this article, we describe how management philosophy affects corporate performance.For this purpose, we conducted experimental and statistical analyses on two corporations and clarified causal relationships between management philosophy and members’ performance(their commitment, motivation, contribution, etc.).At the beginning, we introduced three variables, which make it easier for us to understand how individuals treat management philosophy: (1) reflecting philosophy on actual behavior, (2)knowing and understanding philosophy, and (3) having sympathy for philosophy.Using the results of the experimental research, we explore a persuasive model, which satisfactorily explains how those variables indirectly affect corporate performance via other factors. Second, with this model, we describe, for example, the way senior officers treat management philosophy influences the extent to which followers accept the philosophy. We also suggest that a sense of unity and solidarity helps members take the philosophy seriously. Third, we discuss how management philosophy triggers innovative behavior in organizations.The point we have tried to make in this article is that the more deeply and widely management philosophy permeates an organization, the higher and the stronger performance (of individuals) could be achieved.

著者

近江 啓太

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤経済研究 = Reitaku International Journal of Economic Studies (ISSN:2189339X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.58-60, 2022-03-01

著者

中畑 邦夫 Kunio Nakahata

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:09196714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.55-68, 2013-03-10

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The purpose of this article is to outline the main studies on conversion, which plays an extremely essential role in Christianity. Here, I outline two theories about conversion. One is the study of the psychology of religion by William James, and the other is found in the Catholic theology of Bernard Lonergan. By outlining these two studies, we can find the distinctive characteristics of each theory, which are clearly opposed to each other.That is, James’ theory values personal factors in conversion, while Lonergan’s theory values institutional or communal factors in terms of political theory. So, these two theories diverge as liberalist and communitarian in terms of political theory. I support neither of these two theories. Instead, I suggest a third way which goes beyond then. It is an attempt to construe the process of conversion as one of tragedy in the sense of the thought of Nietzsche. At the end of this article, I give some brief comments on the thought of Simone Weil, who I think expressed her theory of conversion and her own experience of conversion itself as tragedy.

著者

長谷川 泰隆 Yasutaka Hasegawa

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤経済研究 = Reitaku International Journal of Economic Studies (ISSN:09196706)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.67-75, 2010-03-10

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In the cost studies field, there have been many developments of costing methods, such as ABC, target costing, quality costing, life-cycle costing, among others. These developments are good signs since costing has to be flexible to cope with various situations. However, the author believes that cost accountants are likely to fail to take into account the possible malfunction of the products on the market.Despite the fact that automotive recalls have been studied extensively over the three decades in the U.S., because of the daily occurrence of massive cases, the term “recall costs” cannot be found even in the index of technical books related to costing.While there are also similar problems in Japan, though not so many as in the U.S., little attention has been paid to the “recall costs” either. There seems to be no interface between an awareness of costs and retroactive malfunction resulting in “recalls”.This paper considers the impact of automotive recalls on management as a whole citing previous mainstream research in the U.S., and argues for the necessity of the concept of “recall cost”.

著者

堀内 一史 Kazunobu Horiuchi

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:09196714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.1-17, 2013-03-10

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President Barak Obama was reelected in the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election to serve a second four-year term. The major elements that allowed the incumbent to win reelection include the support he received from members of minority groups such as Hispanics and the so-called Millennial generation ─ young adults aged between 18 and 29 ─ that was especially important in such swing States as Ohio, Florida, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Having provided a systematic analysis of the voting behavior of religious and ethnic groups, age cohorts, and supporters of political parties, this paper will focus on the newly apparent trends revealed by the data examined, such as the decline in numbers of the majority group: the increasing size of ethnic minority groups including African Americans, HispanicAmericans, and Asian Americans; the succession of the generations; and theincreasing number of the so-called unchurched Americans.

著者

大越 利之 Toshiyuki Okoshi

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤経済研究 = Reitaku International Journal of Economic Studies (ISSN:09196706)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.73-101, 2011-03-10

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This paper examines how monetary policy has variant impacts on regional economies in Japan.Estimating VECM for the endogenous macro and regional variables.I find that(1)the depth and the duration of monetary policy shock's effects on each prefecture's bank lending and real output varies,and(2)the lower the value of mortgage the larger monetary policy effect regional economy experiences.This empirical evidence indicates the "balance sheet channel"of monetary policy functions well in Japan.

著者

林 英輔

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤経済研究 = Reitaku International Journal of Economic Studies (ISSN:09196706)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.iii-iv, 2009-09-30

著者

麗澤大学経済学会

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤経済研究 = Reitaku International Journal of Economic Studies (ISSN:09196706)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.x-xiii, 2009-09-30

著者

近江 啓太 Keita Omi

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:21895333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.95-99, 2017-03-10

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This article reviews, “ Politics and Strategy: Partisan Ambition and American Statecraft” by Peter Trubowitz, published in 2011 from Princeton University Press, introducing to potential readers some theoretical and methodological strengths and weaknesses of the book. For scholars and experts, especially on U. S. foreign policy issues, the book pushes the boundaries of traditional understanding of country’s grand strategy typology and it rekindles structural incentives arguments of both domestic and international politics by reconstructing the conventional knowledge of international relations. For the general public, the book takes readers on a brief excursion into what scientific research is and how social science research is being conducted in exploring politics.

著者

川久保 剛 Tsuyoshi Kawakubo

出版者

麗澤大学経済学会

雑誌

麗澤学際ジャーナル = Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:09196714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.1-36, 2008-09-30

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This article examines the thought of Tsuneari Fukuda both before and during World War II. It focuses on his ideas regarding ethics of the common man, and it is an attempt to clarify the place and meaning of Fukuda's thought within the history of ideas.