著者

北川 剛司

出版者

広島大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

広島大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 第三部 教育人間科学関連領域 (ISSN:13465562)

巻号頁・発行日

no.57, pp.99-104, 2008

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In the research of the educational evaluation, we have been discussing not only the evaluation method but also the criterion of the evaluation to judge the adequacy of one. In the research of the measurement, we have developed some criteria, "validity" and "reliability". Validity is defined as the extent to which the information tests supplies suits the purpose of the measurement. Reliability is defined as the consistency of the measurement. Though these criteria are terms of the "measurement", we have applied them to the argument of the "evaluation". And, doing so limits the development of new methods of the evaluation. The purpose of this paper is to consider the possibility of new methods and new criteria of the evaluation.

著者

深瀬 裕子 岡本 祐子

出版者

広島大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

広島大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 第三部 教育人間科学関連領域 (ISSN:13465562)

巻号頁・発行日

no.58, pp.207-213, 2009

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The elderly stage of life is recognized as a period combining both loss and acquisition. Although the acquisition of qualities such as wisdom and insight are considered positive, a corresponding sense of loss cannot be evaded. The psychosocial task based on E. H. Erikson's epigenetic schema, however, does not resist the idea of a negative experience. Accordingly, it is useful for an understanding of this stage of life. I reviewed and considered the psychosocial tasks present in the elderly stage of life and focused on three specific research areas: the measuring method of psychosocial problems (investigative approach), the factor relation to psychosocial problems (related factor), and the feature of psychosocial problems (feature of the eighth stage). Two problems and considerations: (1) the necessity of creating a balance between positive and negative constructs, as Erikson emphasized, and (2) the necessity of introducing psychosocial tasks to the elderly by means of experimental study. Further studies are needed to assess how psychosocial tasks are invoked when providing clinical psychological support for elderly.

著者

林 智幸

出版者

広島大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

広島大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 第三部 教育人間科学関連領域 (ISSN:13465562)

巻号頁・発行日

no.51, pp.271-277, 2002

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The theory of Big Five is an effective model, in which the personality structure is described in terms of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, intellect. Big Five was originally developed as a tool for the personality description of adults, but has proved effective also for developmental research. From childhood through adolescence and adulthood, many questionaaire studies revealed the 5 factor personality structure. On the other hand A individual difference in infancy and early childhood is studied in terms of ""temperament."" The relation between Big Five and temperament in not clear. Hogekull(1994) presented a hypothetical relation between Big Five and temperament, and assumed that Big Five develops from the temperament dimensions of Emotionality, Activitity, Sociability, Impulsivity, Shyness of EASI, which appear to be related with Intensity/Activity, Approach-Withdrawal, Attentiveness, Manageability of TBQ.

著者

山田 浩之

出版者

広島大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

広島大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 第三部 教育人間科学関連領域 (ISSN:13465562)

巻号頁・発行日

no.58, pp.27-35, 2009

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Owing to the decrease of the population of 18 year-old from the late of 1990s in Japan, around the half of private universities are short of their quotas. Such universities are called "Border-Free Universities", which do not have the obstacles to enter and are accepting applications for admission on the recommendation systems. In this article, the significance and the problems of student surveys at "Border-Free Universities" will be discussed. Firstly, the problems of current student surveys are examined. Secondly the characteristics of the students of "Border-Free Universities" are clarified using the survey results of universities in the west of Japan in 2008. Finally, from the examination above, three topics are discussed. 1) Universities in Japan are stratified and classified in a few types. "Border-Free Universities" are completely different from other types, so that the unique research frameworks to examine such universities. 2) The activities of each university affect the student behaviors, so the difference of each university should be examined. 3) To clarify the relationship between the activities of each university and student behaviors, fieldwork and other qualitative methods are required in the research at "Border-Free Universities".

著者

越中 康治

出版者

広島大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

広島大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 第三部 教育人間科学関連領域 (ISSN:13465562)

巻号頁・発行日

no.55, pp.227-235, 2006

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The present study examined preschoolers' right and wrong judgments about provocative, retaliative, and punitive aggression. Fifty-three preschoolers (range 32 to 76 months) were presented with three picture stories in which the main character showed either provocative, retaliative, or punitive aggression. Following each story, the children were asked to judge (1) whether the aggression was right or wrong, (2) whether they would like to play with the main character, and (3) whether they would behave like the main character. The results were as follows: (1) Younger children (range 32 to 53 months) judged all types of aggression to be wrong. However, older children (range 55 to 76 months) allowed retaliative and punitive aggression, whereas they judged provocative aggression to be wrong. (2) Younger children reported that they would like to play with all of the main characters to the same extent. However, older children rejected to play with the main character who showed provocative aggression. (3) Children reported that they would show punitive aggression in some degree, but that they would never show provocative aggression. The results indicate that judgments of older children are based on the concepts of harm and retributive justice (i.e., they possess moral concepts that are independent of authority), whereas judgments of younger children tend to be oriented toward authority (e.g., aggression is wrong because it is punished by adults).

著者

白石 崇人

出版者

広島大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

広島大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 第三部 教育人間科学関連領域 (ISSN:13465562)

巻号頁・発行日

no.55, pp.83-92, 2006

被引用文献数

1

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This report aims to clarify how the Educational Society of Japan (Dainihon-Kyouikukai) turned educational research into a business in 1888. Following the directives of the Ministry of Education, Empire University, and journalists, the Educational Society of Japan ventured to organize educational research as a business.

著者

山田 みき 岡本 祐子

出版者

広島大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

広島大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 第三部 教育人間科学関連領域 (ISSN:13465562)

巻号頁・発行日

no.55, pp.339-348, 2006

被引用文献数

1

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The purposes of the present study were to construct a new self-acceptance scale which consist items regarding self-acceptance based on self and on others, and to consider it's validity. New self-acceptance items, Acceptance by others scale, Self-esteem scale and Social anxiety scale were administered to 244 university students. The main results were the following : ①Both self-acceptance based on self scale and self-acceptance based on others scale consisted of three factors: orientation, interpersonal personality and physical attraction. ②The new self-acceptance scale's construct validity was confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis; and relationships between The new self-acceptance scale and the self-esteem scale, and the new self-acceptance scale social anxiety scale were proved. ③Degree of influences of self-acceptance based on self and on others upon self-esteem and social anxiety were different. This suggested that self-acceptance based on self and on others were different.

著者

陳 瑞娟

出版者

広島大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

広島大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 第三部 教育人間科学関連領域 (ISSN:13465562)

巻号頁・発行日

no.52, pp.161-169, 2003

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The purpose of this paper is to examine basic structure of the employment system for the college graduates in China during planned economy period. Under planned economy system, college graduates were recruited centrally by the governments, and tuitions, fees and stipend were given by the government, and job placement of the graduates are done by the governments in cooperation with colleges and universities. National department of education, national department of planning, national and local governments, public corporations and national and local colleges and universities had played their distinctive roles. The principles and roles of these organizations are examined in detail. In addition, actual job placement of new graduates was analyzed by using student records in a college. Educational achievement determined the first destination of the graduates, and the higher achiever got academic and professional jobs suitable for college education.

著者

樋口 匡貴 中村 菜々子

出版者

広島大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

広島大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 第三部 教育人間科学関連領域 (ISSN:13465562)

巻号頁・発行日

no.58, pp.145-149, 2009

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Properly using condoms is one of the most effective types of protection against HIV. To clarify the contents of normative beliefs regarding purchasing and using condoms, 390 undergraduate student volunteers were surveyed. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that both males and females held two types of normative beliefs, namely formal normative beliefs and informal normative beliefs, regarding purchasing and using condoms. Formal normative beliefs were concerned with the necessity of condoms on the one hand, while informal normative beliefs were concerned with private norms within reference groups on the other. Moreover, a t-test revealed a significant gender difference in formal normative beliefs regarding purchasing condoms, with females regarding purchasing condoms as less necessary than males did. These results were discussed from the view of HIV prevention education.

著者

品川 由佳

出版者

広島大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

広島大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 第三部 教育人間科学関連領域 (ISSN:13465562)

巻号頁・発行日

no.55, pp.297-306, 2006

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This study investigated whether counselors exhibited a clinical bias against gay men by examining counselors' clinical judgments and attitudes regarding male clients, as well as counselor variables such as homophobia. Counselors (n = 98) in graduate schools watched a videotape of a male client actor in one of two conditions (homosexual or heterosexual) and rated the client on several clinical dimensions by completing a questionnaire. Then the counselors' homophobia was measured using a separate scale. The results showed that counselors' homophobia had a significant effect on the clinical bias against gay men. Moreover, the counselors' gender also had a significant effect on this bias. Homophobic counselors and male counselors showed more negative attitudes toward homosexual clients. However, in certain dependent variables, counselors showed more negative attitudes toward homosexual clients regardless of the counselors' homophobia or gender. The effectiveness of the method used this study and its limitations are discussed.