著者

吉川 仁

出版者

The Kansai Law and Politics Association

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.119-134, 2002-03-23 (Released:2018-01-10)

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1997年3月27日に札幌地方裁判所は, いわゆる「二風谷ダム事件判決」を下した。本稿はこの判決の要旨といくつかのコメントを英文で書いたものである。事件の概要そのものとそれに対するコメントは既にいくつか著されたものがある。ただ, 本稿は, 裁判所として, というより, むしろわが国の国家機関としては初めてアイヌ民族を先住民族として認めた点は他の多くの論評同様評価しつつも, 従来指摘されてこなかった次の3点についてコメントしている。第一は, 札幌地方裁判所が, 国際人権規約B規約27条が少数民族の固有の文化を享有する権利を保障しており, それゆえ, アイヌ民族に対してもそうであるとしつつ, 憲法98条2項を媒介として, 憲法13条においてアイヌ民族固有の文化享有権が保障されていると解釈した点について, そのような権利は13条だけでは導きだし難いのであって, 法の下の平等を定めた憲法14条とのかかわりを考慮する必要があるのではないかという点である。第二は, 主権の変遷と土地権の存在・消滅の関係及びそれとも関わる財産権の性質について再検討する必要があるのではないかという点である。

著者

山崎 将文

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.35-68, 2009-12-22 (Released:2018-01-10)

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The purpose of this paper is to consider the relations between the individual and the family in the Japanese Constitution. Article 13 of Japanese Constitution prescribes "the respect as individuals", and Article 24 Paragraph 2 prescribes "the dignity of individual in the family life". Therefore, it is said that the Japanese Constitution expresses a principle of the individualism generally, and besides, adopts the individualism that individuals are always superiority to families, moreover it adopts the radical individualism which breaks up families. However, the author had observed the process of establishment of the Japanese Constitution to interpret the constitutional articles, then arrives at the following conclusion: the Japanese Constitution does not always deny the protection of the family, rather protects the family.

著者

早野 俊明

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.57-72, 2006-12-26 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Stepfamilies are increasingly common in Japan. In 2004, about three-fifth of all divorced couples were ones raising minor children, and more than one-fifth of all married couples were remarried ones. This article provides the current state of laws affecting stepfamilies. The review demonstrates that for the most part, stepparents do not have a legally recognized status in relation to their stepchildren. Some suggestions for legal reform will be made.

著者

倉山 満

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.47-68, 2004-12-20 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Today, Normal Constitutional Practice (Kensei no Jodo) is disregarded by almost constitutionalist in Japan. But it was built as Constitutional Convention. It triumphed several ordeals. In fact, a party government was stronger than any other organs. The privy Council, the House of Lords, the bureaucrats and the military authorities that should have veto could not overthrow of the cabinet without help by the Opposition. The strongest veto group was the House of Representatives. Its political resource was power of command by cabinet that includes the Ministry of Finance. The elder statesman Saionji protected the customs. Though it was indicated that parliamentary government was crushed by pressure, the essence is suicide of two major parties, and it disturbed constitutional government in The Empire of Japan.

著者

安保 克也

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.97-117, 2002-03-23 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Since the Judgment of the Supreme Court in 1995, the idea that 'Tolerance Theory' is right and that 'Prohibition Theory' is wrong has been debated continuously. Therefore, this paper explores both views. First of all, I researched 'Prohibition Theory', 'Tolerance Theory', and 'Request Theory'. Next, I questioned the Judgment of the Supreme Court dated Feb. 28, 1995 critically. Finally, I put forward a way to solve the problems of foreigner suffrage in municipalities. In conclusion, I justified why I think 'Prohibition Theory' is appropriate. Therefore, I think the problems with the naturalization of foreigners of permanent residence should be solved by the political consideration such as the amelioration of the condition for naturalization.

著者

抱 喜久雄

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:1343635X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.19-38, 2006

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An influential theory insists that matters pertaining to family, for example marriage and divorce, are included in the object of the right to self-determination. But, Art. 24, cl. 1 of the Japanese Constitution provides that "Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with equal rights of husband and wife as a basis". In this paper, I will study some problems related to guarantee of "freedom to found a family', mainly through an examination of the contents of Art. 24, cl. 1.

著者

倉山 満

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.67-92, 2002-12-23 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Almost analysts consider that Manchurian incident was SINRYAKU (侵略=cruel aggression) of Japan which was caused by Kwantung Army's runaway. There have been few legal studies about Manchurian incident. Japan was blamed because he broke the Nine-Power Treaty, the Kellogg-Briand Pact, and the Convenant of the League. But Japan's act is not injustice in international law. Before Manchurian incident, the Republic of China could not rule Manchuria. The act of Kwantung army is naturally illicit. But eventually, it was evasion. We must analyze Manchurian incident not only by perspective of politics but also by perspective of international and domestic law.

著者

長谷川 史明

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.133-151, 2006-12-26 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Although Western constitutionalism has little to do with a written constitution, since the Meiji Era constitutional theorists in Japan have concentrated their studies mainly on the written constitutional Code or documents. So, it tends to overlooked that modern constitutionalism originated in medieval constitutional thought, especially Christian doctrines and the rule of law tradition. I think that the following two stands form the central factors of the Western constitutionalism. First, arbitrary power-exercised by the power-holders should be denied and rejected. And secondly, in order to restrict the exercise of such arbitrary power, the rule of law should be available and applied. In this essay, I concentrate my attention on the Western characteristic Weltanschauung or Ontologie, that is to say, "All things are created by the Creator", and attempt to point out that Roman Catholic Church offered a notion of the separation of the power-holder and the decision-maker. And probably, this notion is one of the basic ideas that Western constitutionalism contains.

著者

南部 義典

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.3-58, 2014-03-28 (Released:2018-01-10)

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The law of the procedure of amendment to constitutional law of Japan (National Referendum Law) is enforced, but legally incomplete. Three legislative matters as to the additional rules of NRL have still been unsolved, so the referendum would not have been held under right operation. As this legal obstacle, for example, in case of the proposal for the amendment to the qualified voters by the National Diet, the minimum age of voting cannot be settled administratively at eighteen or twenty. And more, the range of regulation to referendum campaign by the public officials is legally unclear. At the 185th Diet, the reform proposals by Liberal Democratic Party and Japan Restoration Party to solve the legislative matters had been argued, but each proposal was not enacted. I expound about the contents of the reform proposals and the circumstances to be enacted in this article. For the more effective argument to amendment to constitutional law, the reform proposal of NRL shall be enacted as soon as possible, based on the wide consensus between the government parties and the opposition ones.

著者

渡邊 亙

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.31-52, 2008-12-27 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Dieser Aufsatz hat die unterschiedlichen Verstandnisse des sog. Gesetzesvorbehalts in Japan und Deutschland zum Thema. In Deutschland wurde der Gesetzesvorbehalt als ein verfassungs- sowie verwaltungsrechtliches Prinzip im 19. Jahrhundert vom Staatsrechtler Otto Mayer vorgestellt. Danach darf die Verwaltung nur tatig werden, wenn sie durch Gesetz oder aufgrund eines Gesetzes dazu ermachtigt worden ist. Japan ubernahm unter der Japanischen Reichsverfassung von 1889 dieses Prinzip, das im Sinne von Otto Mayer verstanden wurde. Unter der Japanischen Verfassung von 1946 wird der Gesetzesvorbehalt andererseits uberwiegend als Prinzip verstanden, das den Eingriff in Grundrechte in der Kriegszeit ermoglicht hat. Mit der Folgerung dieses Verstandnisses behauptet die herrschende Auffassung in Japan, dass die Japanische Verfassung den Gesetzesvorbehalt als verfassungsrechtliches Prinzip ausschliesst. Dieser Aufsatz versucht, es zu klaren, dass diese Auffassung vom Missverstandnis des Gesetzesvorbehalts ausgeht. Schliesslich wird behauptet, dass man das Gesetzesvorbehalt in seinem eigenen Sinne als ein verfassungsrechtliches Prinzip anzuerkennen.

著者

小森 義峯

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.27-47, 1998-12-19 (Released:2018-01-10)

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The Constitution of the Empire of JAPAN in 1889 (Meiji Constitution) was most influenced by the Prussian Constitution in 1850. In this Essay I studied comparatively both constitution, distinguishing points of similarity and difference. Especially I emphasized originality of Meiji Constitution which was not existent in the Prussian Constitution.

著者

宮林 茂樹

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.45-73, 1997-12-18 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Die Probleme in der Familie, z. B., der Elternmord, der Kindermord, die Prostitution des Machens und der verheirateten Frau haben ein ernstes Stadium erreicht. Die Ursache liegt darin, dass das Familiensystem vom Familienrecht weggestrichten worden war. Das Familiensystem hatte eine Grundlage fur die Anschauung uber die dahingeschiedenen Seelen der Vorfahren gebildet. Deshalb ist das Familiensystem eine japanische Kultur und Tradition. Die Abschaffung des Familiensystem ist eine Zerstorung der Kultur und Tradition.

著者

慶野 義雄

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.65-74, 1995-10-16 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Even though she has a written constitution, every nation has her own unwritten laws, i. e. Kokutai in my word, which make the foundations of a nation. Whenever we proclaim a written constitution, we should pay a deep regard to Kokutai.

著者

伊藤 公一

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.1-11, 1995-10-16 (Released:2018-01-10)

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A number of scholars of the Constitution of Japan support the theory of double standard. They interpret freedom of expression as the highest valuable human right. Consequently prior restraint of freedom of expression is forbidden generally. The Ministry of Education inspects the contents of textbooks now in our country. Quite a number of scholars of the Japanese Constitution insist that the inspection is contrary to the constitutional provision of freedom of expression. But the textbooks are used for education for good citizenship and children are compeled to study the textbooks by the law. These books are specific books unlike other books. In this paper, I argue that we must conclude constitutionality about restriction of freedom of expression in due consideration of purpose of the restriction and nature of textbook. It may be given as a conclusion that the present inspection of textbook dose not violate the freedom of expression.

著者

倉山 満

出版者

関西憲法研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:1343635X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.67-92, 2002-12-23

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Almost analysts consider that Manchurian incident was SINRYAKU (侵略=cruel aggression) of Japan which was caused by Kwantung Army's runaway. There have been few legal studies about Manchurian incident. Japan was blamed because he broke the Nine-Power Treaty, the Kellogg-Briand Pact, and the Convenant of the League. But Japan's act is not injustice in international law. Before Manchurian incident, the Republic of China could not rule Manchuria. The act of Kwantung army is naturally illicit. But eventually, it was evasion. We must analyze Manchurian incident not only by perspective of politics but also by perspective of international and domestic law.

著者

富永 健

出版者

関西法政治研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢

巻号頁・発行日

no.1, pp.49-58, 1994-04-15

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In this paper, I study three high courts decisions on the official visiting of the primeminister to the Yasukuni Shrine. I think that there are several problems in these decisions. And so I take up three points : (1) problem of standing to sue on the provision of the separation of religion and politics, (2) whether the religious personarity right is a legal right or interest, (3) what constitutional decision should be.

著者

富永 健

出版者

関西憲法研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:1343635X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.3, pp.71-90, 1996-06-28

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There is no provision for emergency powers in the constitution of Japan. There are various discussions on that matter, and I take up the problem on the enactment of emergency powers. This essay consists of following. (1) Introduction. (2) Conditions and types. (3) Necessity of the enactment : whether or not it should be provided in the constitution. (4) Course of enactment : what provisions we lay down. (5) Conculusion : I think that it is necessary to provide for the comprehensive emergency powers in the constitution.

著者

小森 義峯

出版者

関西憲法研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:1343635X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.7, pp.1-21, 2000-12-20

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In Japan, after restoration of sovereignty, there was the first movement (1952-1960) of amendment to the Constitution for rearmament. Secondly, there was a resting stage (1960-1990) in high growth of economy. Thirdly, since 1990 there is a new movement of amendment to the Constitution for international contribution of man power. But I am sorry to say that they forget the traditional Emperor system as a fandamental problem of amendment to the Japanese Constitution in all period.

著者

川田 敬一

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:1343635X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.151-188, 2008

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Under the occupation, the Japanese government needed to enact the new legal system of the Imperial House in line with the policy of GHQ. This paper treats the Japanese Constitution Articles 8 and 88, the Imperial Economy Law and the Law for Enforcement of the Imperial Economy Law. On the discussion of every system, GHQ required that the Diet under the new constitution controlled the Imperial Economy and the system made clear. On the other hand, Japanese government intended to prepare the system that established Imperial financial basis.

著者

長谷川 史明

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:1343635X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.1-24, 2011

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Almost all the texts on Japanese constitutional law explain constitutionalism as "the modern constitutionalism" from an age of bourgeois revolution that created politics according to a written constitution, including the protection of human rights and civil liberties. This is the popular view about constitutionalism in Japanese constitutional studies. But, in the history of political thought, constitutionalism has a broader meaning i.e. "limited government" or one of the methods of "controlling the state", traced back to ancient Greece. Therefore, constitutionalism has little to do with the existence of a written constitution. So, In this essay, I will point out several problems that occur when taking about this popular view of constitutionalism within Japanese constitutional studies.