著者

水野 直治 堀江 健二 水野 隆文 野坂 志朗

出版者

日本土壌肥料學會

雑誌

日本土壌肥料學雜誌 = Journal of the science of soil and manure, Japan (ISSN:00290610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.4, pp.529-534, 2001-08-05

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超ニッケル集積植物であるタカネグンバイThlaspi japonicumは植物体中の多くの成分含有率が大幅に変動する植物である。超塩基性岩質土壌で生育したタカネグンバイの葉身中のニッケルは1553mgkg-1と高いが、カルシウム含有率は2000mgkg-1と低くなるなど他の植物に見られない特徴がある。また、植物体中のニッケル化合物は結晶として存在することが明らかになった。これらの結果はつぎのとおりである。 1)超塩基性岩質土壌のタカネグンバイのカルシウム含有率はニッケルが検出されない安山岩質土壌で生育したタカネグンバイのほぼ1/5であった。また、この植物は亜鉛、銅の含有率が高く、特に安山岩質土壌の植物体中亜鉛含有率は一般植物の約10倍に達した。 2)植物体中のニッケル化合物は棒状の結晶体で、特に表皮細胞や導管内に存在する。気孔周辺では多量の棒状結晶が扇状に分布する。 3)ニッケル化合物の結晶は室温で乾燥した植物体でも観察されるが、70~80℃以上で乾燥した試料では消失することから、結晶水な持つ化合物である。 4)安山岩質土壌で生育したタカネグンバイのカルシウム含有率は10000mgkg-1と高いが、ニッケル化合物の結晶は観察されない。 5)超塩基性岩質土壌と安山岩質土壌を混合した土壌で育てた植物体中のカルシウム含有率は10000mgkg-1と高くなるが、ニッケル含有率は255mgkg-1と低くなる。しかし、ニッケル化合物の結晶は観察される。 6)ニッケル含有率の高い(100~400mgkg-1)他の植物では、植物体内にニッケルの結晶を観察できなかった。

著者

本城 淳子 安藤 豊 角田 憲一

出版者

日本土壌肥料學會

雑誌

日本土壌肥料學雜誌 = Journal of the science of soil and manure, Japan (ISSN:00290610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.4, pp.480-487, 2000-08-05

被引用文献数

2

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The relationship between the establishment of seedling directly sown on well-drained paddy field and reduction condition and/or temperature was investigated without coated calcium peroxide. The experiment was conducted in an incubation box under two different temperature conditions (15 and 17℃) and two moisture conditions (flooded and unflooded) under lighted conditions. There were four plots, i.e. high temperature and flooded plot (HTF), low temperature and flooded plot (LTF), high temperature and unflooded plot (HTU), and low temperature and unflooded plot (control, C). Change of the conditions (15 to 17℃ and/or unflooded to flooded) was carried out in 3-d intervals from 0 d after sowing (DAS). Emergence percentage (number of emerged seedlings/number of seeds sown), establishment percentage A (number of established seedlings/number of seed sown) and establishment percentage B (number of established seedlings/number of emerged seedlings) were elucidated. 1) The earlier the change of conditions, the lower the emergence and establishment percentages were observed in HTF as compared with HTU. Higher emergence and establishment percentages were obtained in HTF than LTF when flooding and temperature changes were conducted before 15 DAS. 2) Effect of the beginning time of flooding on establishment percentage B related on the growth stage of rice seedling. Establishment percentage B was divided into 3 groups by the beginning time of flooding, i.e. the lowest was 0 to 3 DAS, medium was 6 to 12 DAS and the highest was 15 to 21 DAS. 3) Consequently, the time after emergence of seedling was the suitable stage for the start time of flooding to obtain high and stable establishment of seedlings of rice plant.

著者

横山 明敏 佐伯 雄一 柴田 聡子 長友 由隆 赤尾 勝一郎

出版者

日本土壌肥料學會

雑誌

日本土壌肥料學雜誌 = Journal of the science of soil and manure, Japan (ISSN:00290610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.4, pp.475-478, 2004-08-05

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2

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宮崎県のハウス抑制キュウリ栽培の圃場において、本来ならば側枝となるべき側芽の伸長が抑制されたり、伸長しても途中で枯死する障害が多発した。その原因を究明するために、現地圃場の土壌調査と葉分析の結果から、亜鉛と銅の過剰障害による可能性が推定されたので、水耕法により検証した結果、亜鉛の過剰吸収が原因である可能性が強く示唆された。

著者

尹 永根 鈴井 伸郎 山口 充孝 河地 有木 田野井 慶太朗 中西 友子 茅野 充男 中村 進一 藤巻 秀

出版者

日本土壌肥料學會

雑誌

日本土壌肥料學雜誌 = Journal of the science of soil and manure, Japan (ISSN:00290610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.3, pp.296-300, 2012-06 (Released:2013-10-08)

著者

関本 均

出版者

一般社団法人日本土壌肥料学会

雑誌

日本土壌肥料學雜誌 = Journal of the science of soil and manure, Japan (ISSN:00290610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.5, 1998-10-05

著者

辻 藤吾

出版者

日本土壌肥料學會

雑誌

日本土壌肥料學雜誌 = Journal of the science of soil and manure, Japan (ISSN:00290610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.4, pp.464-471, 2000-08-05

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1

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Sulfur absorption and critical contents of sulfur in disordered rice plants during their initial growth were investigated. The results obtained were as follows; 1) The total sulfur content of rice shoots which were inhibited at the time of late planting by the application of a paste-like fertilizer showed 0.12% in dry matter. When this growth was recovered by using the same fertilizer as that used by a farmer, sulfur content was raised to as high as 0.28% in dry matter, together with a remarkable increase in dry matter. 2) A similar response was observed for the early planting of rice in a farmer's paddy with enhanced increments of total sulfur, from 0.09 to 0.40% in dry matter, by the application of magnesium sulfate, the major component of the commercial fertilizer. Also, dry matter increments were twice as high as those recovered by the surface drainage. 3) Surprisingly, the yellow stunting of the initial growth disorders were found by the incorporation of a chloride fertilizer into the plow layer as a basal. Such nutritional disorders were restricted during the tillering stages and the total sulfur content of the shoots decreased to as low as 0.13% in dry matter. However, the higher absorption of inorganic sulfate between the maximum tillering stage and young panicle formation period contributed greatly to the recovery of sulfur deficiency in the rice. 4) Total sulfur contents as well as N/S ratios were significantly correlated to the relative yields. These critical levels were 0.12 to 0.13% of total sulfur and 25 to 21 of N/S ratios when the relative yields were 50 to 55%. The levels were considered practical indicies as far as the present growth disorders are concerned.

著者

辻 藤吾

出版者

日本土壌肥料學會

雑誌

日本土壌肥料學雜誌 = Journal of the science of soil and manure, Japan (ISSN:00290610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.4, pp.472-479, 2000-08-05

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

3

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Sulfate transformation under submurged conditions was investigated by the incubation of Submurged soils applied with granular and paste-like high analysis fertilizers. Secondly, soil samples collected from the fixed paddies for the soil fertility survey, both of farmers and experimental stations, were analysed for humus and sulfur. The results obtained were as follows; 1) Paste-like and granular fertilizers were applied in a layer and mixed in the whole layer respectively, followed by the extraction of soluble and available sulfur with appropriate extractants. As a result, both soluble and available sulfur decreased as the Eh of soils decreased, indicating appreciable amounts of sulfate were transformed to sulfide. 2) Five soils of fixed paddies in which the humus contents differed appreciably were selected to check the changes in available sulfur within 15 y. As a result, humus contents showed relative increases within 15 y, however, the content of available sulfur tended to decrease. The ratios of available to total sulfur significantly decreased within 15 y, indicating the influences of soil pH and/or farmers' practices of fertilizer selection upon the ratios. 3) Soil samples, especially of well-drained paddy in an experiment station, decreased the available sulfur within 20 y. It can be concluded that the greater Eh is reduced in the soils, the higher level of sulfide formed, thus the rice plants will become deficient in sulfate due to the formation of unavailable iron sulfides. This will be much enhanced considering the recent trends of lower levels of available sulfur, which coincidentally inhibited the initial growth of rice in early planting cultivation in our district.

著者

辻 藤吾

出版者

日本土壌肥料學會

雑誌

日本土壌肥料學雜誌 = Journal of the science of soil and manure, Japan (ISSN:00290610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.4, pp.454-463, 2000-08-05

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

4

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The author investigated the regional growth disorders of early-planted rice, of which initial growth is severely and peculiarly inhibited, causing yellow stunting of lower leaves and no increase in stem number after approximately 30 to 40 d of transplanting, to paddies supplemented with a basal paste-like fertilizer at the row sides. No specific responses were found among rice varieties. The field experiments and soil analysis of paddies were carried out; firstly to reproduce the disorders in the late planting of rice, and secondly, to diagnose the components of a commercial fertilizer which has been effectively used by a farmer to recover the disorders. The results obtained were as follows; 1) Disordered paddies contained appreciable amounts of ammonium nitrogen in the soil, indicating no effects of nitrogen deficiencies to rice plants. 2) The specific growth disorders of yellow stunting were also found in the late-planted rice cultivation. Furthermore, the application of a granular fertilizer at the row sides showed less growth disorders as compared to the paste-like fertilizer when they were treated in the same experimental paddy. 3) An experiment to separate the farmers practical fertilizer into a few nutrients for diagnosis showed that any nutrient other than sulfate contributed less to recover the disorders. Consequently, in the following early rice planting experiment, in which the growth disorders by paste-like fertilizer were also induced, the application of magnesium sulfate responded well for recovery within several days under a submurged condition, whereas the recovery by surface drainage took more than 10 d. As a conclusion, the author suggests the disorders will be induced primarily by developed soil reduction, hence causing nutritional disorders in rice plants related to temporary sulfate starvation in the soil.