著者

Nana Ushine Shouta MM Nakayama Mayumi Ishizuka Takuya Kato Shin-ichi Hayama

出版者

The Japanese Society of Environmental Toxicology

雑誌

環境毒性学会誌 (ISSN:13440667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.25-37, 2023-06-22 (Released:2023-06-22)

参考文献数

83

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Lead (Pb) is extensively used in industries and often inadvertently discharged into the environment. Despite some studies examining the effects of Pb pollution on raptors and waterfowl, its effects on other avian species have not been investigated. This study investigated the feeding selectivity of a black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) population using stable isotope ratios to determine the source of Pb pollution. Gulls in Tokyo and Mikawa Bay were captured from December 2016 to February 2017 and from December 2020 to March 2021, respectively. These gulls were measured 13C/12C carbon ratio (δ13C), and 15N/14N nitrogen ratio (δ15N). Blood Pb level (BLL) was measured gulls in Mikawa Bay. Based on the measurement values of δ15N, gulls were classified into two groups: primary and higher predator groups. No differences in stable isotope ratios were found between the two groups. The secondary consumers showed significantly high BLLs (P=0.002). BLLs during the wintering period were significantly higher in the primary consumer group. Our findings suggest that reducing Pb emissions, along with biological and chemical remediation of water sediment is required to prevent further Pb pollution and bioaccumulation in wild animals.

著者

Mayumi Yoshikawa Kaho Murakami Hitomi Inoue Masanori Seki

出版者

The Japanese Society of Environmental Toxicology

雑誌

環境毒性学会誌 (ISSN:13440667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.1-7, 2023-01-31 (Released:2023-01-31)

参考文献数

14

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Styrene is a volatile chemical used as a raw material for production of synthetic resins and synthetic rubbers. A study of inhibition of algal growth was carried out according to OECD test guideline 201 in a completely closed system to clarify the inhibition of growth of the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata by styrene. The median effective concentration for growth rate (ErC50) and no-observed-effect concentration for growth rate (NOECr) based on the measured concentrations of styrene were 5.99 mg/L and 0.985 mg/L, respectively. Based on these results, the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) classification of hazards to the aquatic environment of styrene was Category 2 for short-term (acute) exposure and Category 3 for long-term (chronic) exposure.

著者

仲山 慶 池田 踏青 黒川 大輔 北條 裕也 宇野 誠一

出版者

日本環境毒性学会

雑誌

環境毒性学会誌 (ISSN:13440667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.1-9, 2022-02-22 (Released:2022-02-22)

参考文献数

24

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The present study tested the early life stage toxicity of 3,5-dichlorophenol (3,5-DCP) on grass puffer, Takifugu niphobles, in order to evaluate its potential use as a marine fish model. The pufferfish embryos at 1-day post fertilization (dpf) were exposed to serially diluted 3,5-DCP at 20°C or 25°C until 14- or 10-dpf, respectively. Exposure to 3,5-DCP caused inhibition of pigmentation, of swimming, and of yolk absorption. The EC50 of morphological abnormality and the LC50 at the end of test were 0.97 and 1.4 mg/L at 25°C. The EC50 and LC50 values estimated at 20°C (0.75 and 0.79 mg/L, respectively) were generally similar to those at 25°C. The sensitivity to 3,5-DCP in the grass puffer was equivalent to those observed in other marine fish species. Because of the ease of handling and observation of embryos, and the high hatching and survival rates, we consider the grass puffer to be an ideal model for early-life stage toxicity testing.

著者

昆野 安彦

出版者

日本環境毒性学会

雑誌

環境毒性学会誌 (ISSN:13440667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.87-90, 2000-12-30 (Released:2014-04-01)

参考文献数

3

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Suseptibility to insecticides in the giant water bug, Diplonychus major Esaki, was examined. The test insecticides were organophosphates (fenitrothion ), pyrethroids (ethofenprox and cycloprothrin), and neonicotinoids (imjdaoroprid)、The giant water bug showed high susceptibility to pyrethroids, ,i.c., , LG50s of ehhofenprox and cycloprothrin were 0.89 and 1.77μg / L, respectively. LC50s of fenitrothion and imidacroprid were 24.6 and 54.7 μg / L, respectively. respectively.

著者

Hideaki Tokusumi Naoto Fujioka Nguyen Minh Tue Akitoshi Goto Go Suzuki Kei Nakayama

出版者

The Japanese Society of Environmental Toxicology

雑誌

環境毒性学会誌 (ISSN:13440667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.1-11, 2021-01-15 (Released:2021-01-15)

参考文献数

27

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In order to develop an optimal method for the investigation of relative potencies of dioxin-like compounds using Japanese medaka, the present study conducted five independent early-life stage toxicity tests using 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as the positive control. First, both short- and long-term effects of TCDD were examined to determine sensitive and highly reproducible endpoints. Then, the outcome and threshold of TCDD toxicities under different experimental conditions, e.g., exposure timing and duration, were compared to develop a cost-effective method. Finally, we decided to observe yolk sac/pericardial edema, hatching failure, and mortality of medaka embryos/larvae within a 28-d experimental period, after 6-h exposure to TCDD at 0-d post fertilization. We obtained the LC50 values of TCDD at 28-d post fertilization based on its concentration in water (6.84 ng/L) or in egg (753 pg/g-egg), and the LC50 values were comparable with those reported in the literature. Thus, in our future studies, relative toxic potencies of dioxin-like compounds will be tested using the method established in this study.

著者

磯野 良介 大坂 綾太

出版者

日本環境毒性学会

雑誌

環境毒性学会誌 (ISSN:13440667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.1-9, 2020-07-14 (Released:2020-07-11)

参考文献数

15

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Effluent standards in marine areas need to be evaluated based on toxicity values for multiple marine species. We examined the toxicity test method for the Lysmata vittata, which is considered to be sensitive to chemicals. As the shrimp exhibit hermaphroditism, any two individuals could produce a new generation. Wild adult shrimp were collected in 2016 and 2018. Each group was maintained in a 100 L polycarbonate tank under the natural photoperiod for approximately two years. Natural seawater was supplied to the tank through sand-filtration. Artificial shrimp (F1) were obtained from the wild shrimp (2016 group) and were reared to adults under conditions of 25°C and the natural photoperiod in 2018. The F1 spawned at 92 days after hatching (F2). At intervals of about 10 days, nearly 20 adults of the 2016 group and the F1 spawned 1,000 to 7,000 larvae per day at 21–26°C. The larvae from the 2016 group and F1, within one day after hatching, were exposed to hexavalent chromium for 24 h to evaluate the acute toxicity. The 24h-LC50 for zoea of Lysmata vittata closely ranged from 13 to 16 mg/L (nominal concentration) in both toxicity tests. Since these values were lower than previously reported values, Lysmata vittata was sensitive to hexavalent chromium.

著者

玉井 聡子 岩崎 雄一 石母田 誠 柏田 祥策

出版者

日本環境毒性学会

雑誌

環境毒性学会誌 (ISSN:13440667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.51-58, 2017-12

著者

Hiroshi Hoshino Shouichi Fujita Yoko Goto Takeomi Isono Tsuyoshi Ishinazaka Yasunori Sakurai Hisato Iwata Akio Kazusaka Mayumi Ishizuka Shinsuke Tanabe

出版者

The Japanese Society of Environmental Toxicology

雑誌

環境毒性学会誌 (ISSN:13440667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.1-10, 2003 (Released:2010-07-01)

参考文献数

23

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o clarify the levels of organochlorine compounds (OCs) and the metabolism of OCs in the body of Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus migrating along the coast of Hokkaido, OCs in the sea lion's blubbers for each age, sex and reproductive status were determined by gas chromatography linked to ion trap mass spectrometer. In sea lions, the compounds accumulated in the highest concentrations are DDT and its metabolites (DDTs) suggesting these animals are still exposed to DDTs from the surrounding land. The levels of DDTs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sea lions may cause small effects such as the induction of drug metabolizing enzymes. The concentrations of DDTs, PCBs, hexachlorocyclohexanes and chlordanes in the old female sea lions were lower than those in the males and young females. This is most likely due to the loss of these compounds during nursing. In addition, the concentrations of each compound differed in the degree of difference between the young and the old females. This result may reflect ecological and physiological difference between the young and the old females. The proportions of tetrachlorinated biphenyl concentrations with vicinal hydrogen atoms in para- and meta- positions to total tetrachlorinated biphenyl concentrations were found to be higher in older animals implying low “phenobarbital inducible type” enzyme activity.

著者

江馬 眞 納屋 聖人 吉田 喜久雄 永翁 龍一

出版者

The Japanese Society of Environmental Toxicology

雑誌

環境毒性学会誌 (ISSN:13440667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.1-18, 2009 (Released:2010-07-01)

参考文献数

80

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The present paper summarizes the data available in the literature concerning toxicity of the degradation products of 1,1,1,2-tetrahydrofluoroethane (HFC-134a), which is widely used worldwide as a refrigerant, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), which is developed as a refrigerant for new generation. There are many studies available for toxic effects of carbon dioxide CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in humans and animals. General toxicity of excessive CO2 exposure in humans is well reported. However, information on reproductive and developmental toxicity of CO2 in humans and animals is inadequate for risk assessment. As for CO, further studies are required to evaluate the adverse effects of chronic exposure to low and near ambient levels of CO on development of fetuses and newborn infants in marginal condition because of high susceptibility to hypoxic effect in fetuses and newborn infants. There is a lack of information on toxicity of trifluoroacetic acid, carbonyl fluoride, hydrogen fluoride, and formic acid in humans and animals. Animal studies remain necessary for risk assessment of chemicals because it is difficult to find alternative methods to determine the toxic effect of chemicals.