著者

Ryo Iketani Kazuki Ide Hiroshi Yamada Yohei Kawasaki Naohiko Masaki

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.b16-00989, (Released:2017-02-09)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

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This study was designed to evaluate the safety profile of adding telaprevir to therapy using pegylated interferon-alfa-2b and ribavirin (PR) using real world patient data obtained from a nationwide Japanese interferon database. This retrospective cohort study compared telaprevir-based triple therapy (T/PR) with PR therapy. The study population comprised patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C represented in the database between December 2009 and August 2015. The primary endpoint was dropout from treatment due to adverse events during the relevant standard treatment duration based on guidelines from the Japan Society of Hepatology. The dropout odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated using univariate logistic regression analysis. Covariates were detected using a stepwise logistic regression analysis, and the adjusted OR and 95% CI were calculated. A total of 25,989 patients were registered, and 4,619 patients (T/PR: 1,334, PR: 3,285) were appropriate for primary endpoint analysis. The dropout rate due to adverse events was lower in the T/PR group (13.4%) than in the PR group (22.6%) (OR: 0.530; 95% CI, 0.444-0.633). After adjustment for the covariates detected by stepwise selection, the OR was 0.529 (95% CI, 0.441-0.634). Our study showed that there was a difference in dropout rate between real world T/PR and PR therapy in Japan. Although the addition of telaprevir to PR therapy may improve treatment continuity under the care of hepatologists, this study could not fully determine which therapy was safer or the factors influencing this result. Therefore, additional research will be required to confirm this.

著者

Shinji Okayasu Kiyoyuki Kitaichi Akina Hori Tetsuya Suwa Yukio Horikawa Mayumi Yamamoto Jun Takeda Yoshinori Itoh

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.6, pp.933-937, 2012-06-01 (Released:2012-06-01)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

6 33

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Metformin is a drug to improve glycemic control by reducing insulin resistance and is currently considered to be one of the first-choice drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, during metformin use, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) including gastrointestinal adverse events were frequently observed. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the incidence of ADRs induced by metformin and further analyzed risk factors for ADRs in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who initially administered metformin (500–750 mg). One hundred and one hospitalized patients receiving metformin during September 1, 2009 and August 31, 2010 were studied. The incidence of ADRs and changes in laboratory data including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were monitored retrospectively. The anti-glycemic effect of metformin was successfully observed as indicated by decreased HbA1c. Among ADRs, diarrhea was most frequently occurred during metformin use (26.7% of patients) although the symptom of diarrhea was mild in most cases and disappeared within 3 d after the initial use. A logistic regression analysis showed the existence of six risk factors, including initial dose (750 mg), female, age (≦65), body mass index (≧25), aspartate aminotransferase (≧30 IU/L) and alkaline phosphatase (≧270 IU/L). The incidence of diarrhea increased linearly as the number of risk factors increased. In conclusion, in order to avoid ADRs, especially diarrhea, subsequently improving the quality of life during metformin use, the optimization of the dose of metformin by considering risk factors would be beneficial for patients with T2DM.

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.6, pp.1080-1080, 2014-06-01 (Released:2014-06-01)

著者

Ryota Tanaka Yosuke Suzuki Yukie Takumi Motoshi Iwao Yuhki Sato Kazuhiko Hashinaga Kazufumi Hiramatsu Jun-ichi Kadota Hiroki Itoh

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.12, pp.1968-1973, 2016-12-01 (Released:2016-12-01)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

12

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Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria. Although thrombocytopenia is a major adverse effect of linezolid, hyponatremia also often develops after linezolid administration. This study examined the frequency of hyponatremia that developed during linezolid treatment and identified its risk factors. In this retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study, 61 hospitalized patients treated with linezolid between January 2013 and January 2015 were analyzed. Hyponatremia was defined as a sodium level of ≤134 mEq/L for the duration of linezolid treatment. Its risk factors were identified via a logistic regression analysis. Hyponatremia occurred in 11 (18.0%) patients, and it was severe in a case (a sodium level of ≤128 mEq/L). Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses identified the plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) level before the initial administration of linezolid and the concomitant use of a potassium-sparing diuretic as the independent variables associated with the development of hyponatremia. The odds ratios were 1.081 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.008–1.158) (p=0.028) and 11.017 (95% CI; 1.869–64.939) (p=0.008), respectively. Before linezolid treatment, the CRP levels of the hyponatremia group were significantly higher than those of the no-hyponatremia group (p<0.001). The frequency of hyponatremia development was significantly higher in the patients who received both the potassium-sparing diuretic and linezolid (p=0.016). These results suggest that the plasma sodium levels of patients with severe inflammation who are treated with linezolid and those of linezolid-treated patients co-administered a potassium-sparing diuretic should be continuously monitored.

著者

Keita Shibata Arisa Matsumoto Ayumi Nakagawa Keiko Akagawa Akihiro Nakamura Toshinori Yamamoto Naomi Kurata

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.11, pp.1767-1773, 2016-11-01 (Released:2016-11-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

7

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Community pharmacies in Japan have long been advocated as effective sources of nonprescription medicines and health-related advice. Consumers sometimes self-treat symptoms of minor illnesses without consulting a pharmacist because the benefits of such consultations are not adequately recognized. The aim of this study was to investigate the use and impact of pharmacist consultations before purchase of nonprescription laxatives. An online survey was conducted July 14–22, 2012 with 500 respondents (250 men, 250 women), ranging 20–60 years old. All participants had purchased nonprescription laxatives for constipation within the past year. Stratified analysis was used to compare responses in groups that had and had not consulted a pharmacist before purchase. Consulting a pharmacist appears to improve consumers’ awareness and makes them more likely to use appropriate medication. Those who consulted a pharmacist were better able to identify side effects and take appropriate action than the group that did not consult the pharmacist. Those who consulted a pharmacist were also significantly more likely to say that they would consult a pharmacist in the future. These results indicate that it is important for consumers to be able to consult with pharmacists, to improve consumers’ awareness of side effects and to self-medicate appropriately, and hence improve their quality of life. Pharmacists in community pharmacy could be more active in health promotion campaigns, such as drug safety, campaigns, to raise their public profile. Increased public awareness of what pharmacists in community pharmacy do will make it easier for patients to consult with them.

著者

Yuko Ogawa Masafumi Tsujimoto Ryohei Yanoshita

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.9, pp.1496-1507, 2016-09-01 (Released:2016-09-01)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

21

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Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles containing microRNAs and mRNAs that are produced by various types of cells. We previously used ultrafiltration and size-exclusion chromatography to isolate two types of human salivary exosomes (exosomes I, II) that are different in size and proteomes. We showed that salivary exosomes contain large repertoires of small RNAs. However, precise information regarding long RNAs in salivary exosomes has not been fully determined. In this study, we investigated the compositions of protein-coding RNAs (pcRNAs) and long non-protein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) of exosome I, exosome II and whole saliva (WS) by next-generation sequencing technology. Although 11% of all RNAs were commonly detected among the three samples, the compositions of reads mapping to known RNAs were similar. The most abundant pcRNA is ribosomal RNA protein, and pcRNAs of some salivary proteins such as S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (protein S100-A8) were present in salivary exosomes. Interestingly, lncRNAs of pseudogenes (presumably, processed pseudogenes) were abundant in exosome I, exosome II and WS. Translationally controlled tumor protein gene, which plays an important role in cell proliferation, cell death and immune responses, was highly expressed as pcRNA and pseudogenes in salivary exosomes. Our results show that salivary exosomes contain various types of RNAs such as pseudogenes and small RNAs, and may mediate intercellular communication by transferring these RNAs to target cells as gene expression regulators.

著者

Ji Hyun Kim Hyo-Cheol Ha Min-Sook Lee Jung-Il Kang Hyun-Su Kim Sang-Yun Lee Kwang-Ho Pyun Insop Shim

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.708-714, 2007 (Released:2007-04-01)

参考文献数

62

被引用文献数

18 31

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We investigated the neuritogenic effects of Tremella fuciformis (TF), which has been valued in traditional Chinese medicine as a remedy with nutritive and tonic actions, on PC12h cells. The cognitive improving effects of TF on scopolamine-induced (2 mg/kg, s.c.) amnesia in rats were also evaluated with using the Morris water maze task and by performing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry. The water extract of TF (0.01—1 μg/ml) promoted neurite outgrowth of the PC12h cells in a dose dependent manner. TF was highly efficient at the concentration range of 0.1—1 μg/ml. Oral daily treatment with TF (100 or 400 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days significantly reversed the scopolamine-induced deficit in learning and memory, and it alleviated decrease in cholinergic immunoreactivity induced by scopolamine in the medial septum and hippocampus. The results demonstrate that the promotion of neuritogenesis in neuronal culture cells by TF water extract is related with its activity for improving the performance of rats on a spatial learning and memory task. Moreover, the impairments of spatial learning and memory may be attributable to the decrease in activation of the septohippocampal cholinergic system and that TF ameliorated learning and memory deficits partly through its increasing the central cholinergic activity. Therefore, TF could represent a potentially useful agent that is able to improve the function of impaired cognitive processes.

著者

Ayumu Hirata Hiroki Funato Megumi Nakai Michiro Iizuka Noriaki Abe Yusuke Yagi Hisashi Shiraishi Kohei Jobu Junko Yokota Kahori Hirose Masamitsu Hyodo Mitsuhiko Miyamura

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.7, pp.1107-1111, 2016-07-01 (Released:2016-07-01)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

9

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We previously prepared and pharmaceutically evaluated ginger orally disintegrating (OD) tablets, optimized the base formulation, and carried out a clinical trial in healthy adults in their 20 s and 50s to measure their effect on salivary substance P (SP) level and improved swallowing function. In this study, we conducted clinical trials using the ginger OD tablets in older people to clinically evaluate the improvements in swallowing function resulting from the functional components of the tablet. The ginger OD tablets were prepared by mixing the excipients with the same amount of mannitol and sucrose to a concentration of 1% ginger. Eighteen healthy older adult volunteers aged 63 to 90 were included in the swallowing function test. Saliva was collected before and 15 min after administration of the placebo and ginger OD tablets. Swallowing endoscopy was performed by an otolaryngologist before administration and 15 min after administration of the ginger OD tablets. A scoring method was used to evaluate the endoscopic swallowing. Fifteen minutes after taking the ginger OD tablets, the salivary SP amount was significantly higher than prior to ingestion or after taking the placebo (p<0.05). Among 10 subjects, one scored 1–3 using the four evaluation criteria. Overall, no aspiration occurred and a significant improvement in the swallowing function score was observed (p<0.05) after taking the ginger OD tablets. Our findings showed that the ginger OD tablets increased the salivary SP amount and improved swallowing function in older people with appreciably reduced swallowing function.

著者

Motoko Tanaka Shigeyuki Miyamura Tadashi Imafuku Yuna Tominaga Hitoshi Maeda Makoto Anraku Keishi Yamasaki Daisuke Kadowaki Yu Ishima Hiroshi Watanabe Tomoko Okuda Kazuko Itoh Kazutaka Matsushita Masafumi Fukagawa Masaki Otagiri Toru Maruyama

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.6, pp.1000-1006, 2016-06-01 (Released:2016-06-01)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

9

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A ferric citrate formulation for treating hyperphosphatemia is a new therapeutic that not only suppresses the accumulation of phosphorus in patients with chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorders (CKD-MBD), but also ameliorates anemia caused by iron deficiency. In contrast, it has been demonstrated that intravenous iron injection markedly increases oxidative stress. This study was designed to investigate the effect of a ferric citrate formulation on oxidative stress in CKD-MBD patients receiving hemodialysis therapy. Fifteen CKD-MBD patients undergoing dialysis were enrolled in this study. The patients were orally administered a ferric citrate formulation for 6 months. Their plasma phosphorus concentrations remained unchanged with the switch from other phosphorus adsorbents to the ferric citrate formulation. In addition, the ferric citrate formulation generally allowed for dose reduction of an erythropoiesis stimulating agent with an increased hematopoietic effect. The average values of plasma ferritin level increased after the introduction of a ferric citrate formulation, but did not exceed 100 (ng/mL). Interestingly, oxidative stress markers did not increase significantly, and anti-oxidative capacity was not significantly decreased at 6 months after the drug administration. Similarly, no change was observed in any inflammation markers. The ferric citrate formulation induces negligible oxidative stress in CKD-MBD patients receiving dialysis under the present clinical condition.

著者

Ryuki Tsutsui Kazuaki Shinomiya Toshiaki Sendo Yoshihisa Kitamura Chiaki Kamei

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.6, pp.884-888, 2015-06-01 (Released:2015-06-01)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

1 8

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The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the serotonin (5-HT)1A receptor agonist tandospirone versus that of the benzodiazepine hypnotic flunitrazepam in a rat model of long-term adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-induced sleep disturbance. Rats implanted with electrodes for recording electroencephalogram and electromyogram were injected with ACTH once daily at a dose of 100 µg/rat. Administration of ACTH for 10 d caused a significant increase in sleep latency, decrease in non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep time, and increase in wake time. Tandospirone caused a significant decrease in sleep latency and increase in non-REM sleep time in rats treated with ACTH. The effect of tandospirone on sleep patterns was antagonized by the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635. In contrast, flunitrazepam had no significant effect on sleep parameters in ACTH-treated rats. These results clearly indicate that long-term administration of ACTH causes sleep disturbance, and stimulating the 5-HT1A receptor by tandospirone may be efficacious for improving sleep in cases in which benzodiazepine hypnotics are ineffective.

著者

Junya Hashizume Norihide Higuchi Kayoko Sato Yukinobu Kodama Noriko Matsunaga Toshiaki Sakamoto Kentaro Yamaguchi Tadahiro Nakamura Takashi Kitahara Hitoshi Sasaki

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.611-614, 2016-04-01 (Released:2016-04-01)

参考文献数

21

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Antiemetic prophylaxis with aprepitant, a 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist and dexamethasone is recommended for patients receiving intravenous cisplatin chemotherapy. Whether the same antiemetic regime is superior for hepatic transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy with cisplatin (CDDP-TAI) is unknown. We conducted a retrospective study of antiemetic prophylaxis protection against chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in CDDP-TAI at Nagasaki University Hospital. The rate of complete response (CR) to antiemetics in the acute (<24 h) and delayed phases (24–120 h) was measured. Twenty-four patients were treated with a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (granisetron or azasetron) and dexamethasone on the day of chemotherapy (day 1 only). There was a significant difference between the CR rates in the acute and delayed phases, 91.6, and 69.7%, respectively. Combination of a 5-HT3 antagonist and dexamethasone on day 1 is effective against acute CINV, but not delayed CINV during CDDP-TAI. These results may help guide the management of nausea and vomiting during CDDP-TAI to achieve better tolerance and compliance for fewer interventions and increased favorable therapeutic outcomes.

著者

Yasuhisa Izushi Yoichiro Takami Naofumi Shiota Tomonori Tetsunaga Yusuke Ookura Kenichi Shimada Takashi Egawa Tsukasa Kiuchi Toru Sato Ritsugi Takuma

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.516-523, 2016-04-01 (Released:2016-04-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

5

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Edoxaban, an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor, was developed and approved for anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We retrospectively investigated the postoperative anemia by oral administration of edoxaban 30 mg compared with fondaparinux 2.5 mg in TKA patients. Two hundred twenty nine patients who underwent TKA in National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center from July 2010 to June 2012 were divided into two groups; pre and post approval of edoxaban: fondaparinux-group (F-group) and edoxaban-group (E-group). As the primary endpoint, the frequency of postoperative anemia was evaluated. Blood coagulation values and relations between these parameters and postoperative anemia were also investigated. The frequency of postoperative anemia was significantly higher in E-group than F-group patients (52.7% vs. 37.8%; p<0.05). Hemoglobin (Hgb) levels were decreased with the peak at postoperative day (POD) 3 in both groups, and the change of Hgb values from POD1 (ΔHgb) was significantly increased in the E-group (p=0.04). At each POD, prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio of PT (PT-INR) prolonged from the preoperative day in E-group were significantly higher than F-group. Additionally, PT and PT-INR in the E-group at POD3 were significantly prolonged in patients with postoperative anemia and the sensitivity of cut-off values to predict postoperative anemia was superior to the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Thus, as the frequency of postoperative anemia tended to be higher in E-group, edoxaban 30 mg might require vigilance, and prolonged PT and PT-INR could potentially predict edoxaban-associated postoperative anemia after TKA.

著者

Naoto Okada Shuji Fushitani Momoyo Azuma Shingen Nakamura Toshimi Nakamura Kazuhiko Teraoka Hiroyoshi Watanabe Masahiro Abe Kazuyoshi Kawazoe Keisuke Ishizawa

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.295-300, 2016-02-01 (Released:2016-02-01)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

21

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The therapeutic effects of anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) agents, vancomycin (VCM), teicoplanin (TEIC), and arbekacin (ABK), depend on their concentrations in blood. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is important when these antibiotics are used. In the hematological ward at Tokushima University Hospital, pharmacists have ordered the measurement of blood VCM, TEIC, and ABK concentrations to promote the use of TDM in accordance with an agreed protocol since 2013. Moreover, the infection control team includes several medical disciplines and has advised on the optimal treatment using VCM, TEIC, and ABK since 2013. This study aimed to investigate the clinical effectiveness of these pharmacist interventions. We retrospectively studied 145 cases in which patients were treated with VCM, TEIC, or ABK between January 2012 and December 2013 in the hematological ward at Tokushima University Hospital. The patients were divided into a control group (71 cases) and an intervention group (74 cases), and their clinical outcomes were compared. The rate of achievement of effective drug concentrations significantly increased in the intervention group (74%), compared to the rate in the control group (55%). Moreover, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression revealed that pharmacist intervention and appropriate concentrations of anti-MRSA agents were independent factors associated with reduced hospitalization periods in patients with lymphoma. Our study revealed that proactive pharmacist intervention may improve the therapeutic effect of anti-MRSA agents in hematology ward patients.

著者

Hee Soon Shin Min-Jung Bae Sun Young Jung Hye-Jeong See Yun Tai Kim Jeong-Ryong Do Su Yeon Back Sang-Won Choi Dong-Hwa Shon

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.11, pp.1707-1713, 2015-11-01 (Released:2015-11-01)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

9

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Trachelospermi caulis is used widely as an herbal medicine in oriental countries to attenuate fever and pain. We wished to reveal the novel function of this herb and its active component on barrier function in intestinal epithelial cells. Monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) were used to evaluate the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and quantity of permeated ovalbumin (OVA) as indices of barrier function. T. caulis increased TEER values on cell monolayers and decreased OVA permeation across cell monolayers. To ascertain the active component of T. caulis, the extract was isolated to five fractions, and the effect of each of these fractions on intestinal barrier function examined. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed increased TEER values and decreased OVA flux. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions contained mainly trachelogenin and its glycoside, tracheloside. Trachelogenin increased TEER values and decreased OVA flux by enhancing the tight-junction protein occludin (but not tracheloside) in Caco-2 monolayers. These findings demonstrated that trachelogenin, an active component of T. caulis, might help to attenuate food allergy or inflammatory bowel disease through inhibition of allergen permeation or enhancement of the intestinal barrier.

著者

Yasushi Hori Manami Fujisawa Kenji Shimada Yasuo Hirose Toshiharu Yoshioka

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.7-13, 2006 (Released:2006-01-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

23 41 32

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We investigated a method for the simultaneous screening, identification, and quantitative determination of salicylic acid, acetaminophen, theophylline, barbiturates, and bromvalerylurea, drugs that frequently cause acute poisoning in Japan and therefore require rapid analysis for effective treatment in the clinical setting. The method employs liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry (LC/MS) of solid-phase extracted serum samples. For LC/MS ionization, the electrospray-ionization method was used, with acetaminophen in the positive-ion mode, and salicylic acid, theophylline, phenobarbital, bromvalerylurea, pentobarbital, amobarbital, and o-acetamidophenol (internal standard) in the negative-ion mode, the base ions were used in each case for quantitative analysis. Quantitation was possible for the following sample concentration ranges: salicylic acid and acetaminophen, 100 to 5 μg/ml; theophylline, 100 to 0.5 μg/ml; and phenobarbital, bromvalerylurea, pentobarbital, and amobarbital, 100 to 1 μg/ml. Using full-scan mass spectrometry, the lower detection limits of 1 μg/ml for salicylic acid and acetaminophen, 0.1 μg/ml for theophylline, and 0.5 μg/ml for phenobarbital, bromvalerylurea, pentobarbital, and amobarbital were adequate for identifying acute poisoning. When each compound was added to serum to a final concentration of 5 μg/ml and solid-phase extraction was performed using Oasis HLB 1-cc (30-mg), the mean recovery rate of each compound was 89.2 to 96.1% (n=5), and the coefficients of variation of the intraday and interday assays were 3.55 to 6.05% (n=5) and 3.68 to 6.38% (n=5), respectively, which are acceptable. When this method of analysis was applied in testing the sera of a female patient who had consumed a large amount of an unknown commercial drug, salicylic acid and bromvalerylurea were identified, and the treatment strategy could be determined in accordance with the serum concentration of those drugs.

著者

Amit Roy Shailendra Saraf

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.191-201, 2006 (Released:2006-02-01)

参考文献数

121

被引用文献数

333 407

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The search for limonoids started long back when scientists started looking for the factor responsible for bitterness in citrus which has negative impact on citrus fruit and juice industry worldwide. The term limonoids was derived from limonin, the first tetranortriterpenoid obtained from citrus bitter principles. Compounds belonging to this group have exhibited a range of biological activities like insecticidal, insect antifeedant and growth regulating activity on insects as well as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiviral and a number of other pharmacological activities on humans. Although hundreds of limonoids have been isolated from various plants but, their occurrence in the plant kingdom is confined to only plant families of order Rutales and that too more abundantly in Meliaceae and Rutaceae, and less frequently in Cneoraceae and Harrisonia sp. of Simaroubaceae. Limonoids are highly oxygenated, modified terpenoids with a prototypical structure either containing or derived from a precursor with a 4,4,8-trimethyl-17-furanylsteroid skeleton. All naturally occurring citrus limonoids contain a furan ring attached to the D-ring, at C-17, as well as oxygen containing functional groups at C-3, C-4, C-7, C-16 and C-17. The structural variations of limonoids found in Rutaceae are less than in Meliaceae and are generally limited to the modification of A and B rings, the limonoids of Meliaceae are more complex with very high degree of oxidation and rearrangement exhibited in the parent limonoid structure. To counter the problem of bitterness in citrus juice and products genetic engineering of citrus to maximize the formation of limonoid glucosides for reducing limonoid bitterness is the focus of recent and future research. Regarding the biological activities of limonoids the investigations are to be directed towards detailed characterization, quantification, and designing a simple as well as versatile synthetic route of apparently important limonoids. Extraction methods too should be optimized; evaluation and establishment of pharmaco-dynamic and kinetic principles, and structure activity relationships should be a key goal associated with limonoids so that they can be safely introduced in our arsenal of pharmaceuticals to safeguard the humanity from the wrath of disease and its discomfort.

著者

Naoki Sakane Yoko Asano Tomoko Kawamura Tomohiro Takatani Yasuhiro Kohama Kazutake Tsujikawa Hiroshi Yamamoto

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.12, pp.2014-2020, 2004 (Released:2004-12-01)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1 2 3

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Fetal liver (FL) hematopoiesis is thought to be important for expanding the cell number during ontogeny. In order to investigate the cellular interaction molecules among FL stromal and hematopoietic cells, we established a monoclonal antibody, Ndk-10, that reacts with FL stromal cells but not with dish non-adherent cells. When Ndk-10 was added to an FL stromal and hematopoietic cell-coculture, it inhibited the survival of c-kit+ cells. The inhibitory activity of Ndk-10 was also observed in the fetal liver organ culture. The Ndk-10 recognized a 150 kD molecule in the adherent cells of FL and kidney, and the N-terminal amino acid sequence was identical to that of mouse aminopeptidase N/CD13. The peptidase activity of CD13 was inhibited by Ndk-10, and addition of its specific inhibitor resulted in the same inhibitory activity as Ndk-10. We propose that aminopeptidase N/CD13 is a critical molecule that regulates the survival of c-kit+ cells in the FL microenvironment.

著者

Kentaro Ninomiya Kazumi Hayama Sanae A. Ishijima Naho Maruyama Hiroshi Irie Junichi Kurihara Shigeru Abe

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.5, pp.838-844, 2013-05-01 (Released:2013-05-01)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

9 34

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The onset of oral candidiasis is accompanied by inflammatory symptoms such as pain in the tongue, edema or tissue damage and lowers the quality of life (QOL) of the patient. In a murine oral candidiasis model, the effects were studied of terpinen-4-ol (T-4-ol), one of the main constituents of tea tree oil, Melaleuca alternifolia, on inflammatory reactions. When immunosuppressed mice were orally infected with Candida albicans, their tongues showed inflammatory symptoms within 24 h after the infection, which was monitored by an increase of myeloperoxidase activity and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in their tongue homogenates. Oral treatment with 50 µL of 40 mg/mL terpinen-4-ol 3h after the Candida infection clearly suppressed the increase of these inflammatory parameters. In vitro analysis of the effects of terpinen-4-ol on cytokine secretion of macrophages indicated that 800 µg/mL of this substance significantly inhibited the cytokine production of the macrophages cultured in the presence of heat-killed C. albicans cells. Based on these findings, the role of the anti-inflammatory action of T-4-ol in its therapeutic activity against oral candidiasis was discussed.

著者

Mitsutoshi Tominaga Kenji Takamori

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.8, pp.1241-1247, 2013-08-01 (Released:2013-08-01)

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

14 46

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Histamine H1-receptor blockers are used to treat all types of itch resulting from serious skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, as well as from renal and liver diseases. However, they often lack efficacy in chronic itch, a profound clinical problem that decreases quality of life. The development of effective treatments requires a full understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of itch. Recent studies have indicated that the pathogenic mechanisms of itch also involve agonists other than histamine, including proteases, neuropeptides, cytokines, and opioids, as well as their cognate receptors. Release of these pruritogenic mediators and modulators into the periphery may directly activate itch-mediating C-fibers via specific receptors on the nerve terminals. Histological observations have shown increased epidermal nerve densities in patients with atopic dermatitis, suggesting that the higher density is at least partly responsible for itch sensitization. This hyperinnervation is likely induced by an imbalance between nerve elongation and repulsion factors produced by keratinocytes. Neuronal matrix metalloproteinases are also involved in the penetration of nerve fibers into the extracellular matrix. Moreover, itch-mediating fibers such as gastrin-releasing peptide+ (GRP+) and Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor A3+ (MrgprA3+) fibers are present in the skin. Clinically, emollients or UV-based therapies can partly control epidermal nerve density, but new substances and classes of antipruritic drugs are needed. This review highlights recent knowledge regarding epidermal nerve fibers that are partly involved in itch sensitization, and discuss peripheral mechanisms and treatments of itch, especially in atopic dermatitis.

著者

Sunhee Shin Seongho Yeon Dongsun Park Jiyoung Oh Hyomin Kang Sunghyun Kim Seong Soo Joo Woo-Taek Lim Jeong-Yong Lee Kyung-Chul Choi Ki Yon Kim Seung Up Kim Jong-Choon Kim Yun-Bae Kim

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.273-278, 2010-02-01 (Released:2010-02-01)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

22 25 10

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The effects of a silk amino acid (SAA) preparation on the physical stamina and male reproductive function of mice were investigated. Eight-week-old male ICR mice (29—31 g) were orally administered SAA (50, 160 or 500 mg/kg) for 44 d during 30-min daily swimming exercise. The mice were subjected to a weight-loaded (5% of body weight) forced swimming on the 14th, 28th and 42nd day to determine maximum swimming time, and after a 2-d recovery period (treated with SAA without swimming exercise), parameters related to fatigue and reproductive function were analyzed from blood, muscles and reproductive organs. Repeated swimming exercise increased the maximum swimming time to some extent, in spite of a marked reduction in body weight gain, and SAA further enhanced the stamina in a dose-dependent manner. Forced swimming exercises increased blood parameters of tissue injury, but depleted blood glucose and tissue glycogen, which were substantially prevented by SAA treatment. In addition, SAA significantly reduced the muscular thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and blood corticosterone content increased by forced swimming. Swimming exercise decreased the blood testosterone level, which was recovered by SAA, leading to enhanced sperm counts. These combined results indicate that SAA not only enhances physical stamina by minimizing damage to tissues, including muscles, as well as preventing energy depletion caused by swimming stress, but also improves male reproductive function by increasing testosterone and sperm counts.