著者

Yoshihiro OSAWA Takafumi MIZUSHIGE Sayuri JINNO Fumihito SUGIHARA Naoki INOUE Hideyuki TANAKA Yukihito KABUYAMA

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.1-11, 2018-02-01 (Released:2018-02-22)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

17 25

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A number of studies have shown that oral administration of collagen hydrolysate (CH) results in the absorption of di- and tri-peptides. In order to understand the dynamics of CH absorption and metabolism, molecular profiles of hydroxyproline (Hyp) and Hyp-containing peptides (HCPs) were analyzed by in situ perfusion of rat intestine and liver. The total amount of absorbed HCPs during 1 h of perfusion was 16.6 μmol, which was significantly higher than that of free Hyp (6.6 μmol). In addition, HCPs were also reliably detected in hepatic perfusate at the level higher than free Hyp. Thus, the results demonstrated that CH is absorbed predominantly as peptides, which subsequently enter systemic circulation. Size exclusion chromatography showed that perfusates include significant amount of HCPs larger than tripeptides, leading us to analyze these peptides in detail. Mass spectrometric analysis of intestinal perfusate finally identified three CH-derived peptides, which are surprisingly large as food-derived circulating peptides. Peptide quantitation by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed that di- and tri-peptides, which are previously identified as major peptides in circulating blood, comprise only a part of HCPs in intestinal and liver perfusate. Finally, analysis of portal vein blood revealed that the larger peptides, such as pentadecapeptide identified in this study, could be absorbed in vivo. Taken all together, this study showed that peptides which are larger than tripeptide could reach to the circulation system after administration of CH, revealing previously unknown dynamics of absorption of CH.

著者

Erwin Suwendi Hitoshi Iwaya Jae-Sung Lee Hiroshi Hara Satoshi Ishizuka

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.6, pp.329-336, 2012 (Released:2012-12-27)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

19 22

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Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis is an experimental model of ulcerative colitis, although the precise mechanism has not yet been elucidated. We investigate whether Zn deficiency affects the pathogenesis of colitis induced by DSS with a focus on immune responses. Male WKAH/Hkm Slc rats were fed either a Zn-adequate (ZA, 30 mg Zn/kg diet) as a control or Zndeficient (ZD, 5 mg Zn/kg diet) diet for 21 days and then treated with 2% DSS via deionized drinking water for 7 days. The disease activity index (DAI) was recorded daily throughout DSS treatment. Serum Zn concentrations were significantly lowered in rats fed the ZD diet than those fed the ZA diet at day 7 and 14. Surprisingly, DSS treatment considerably reduced the serum Zn in both groups. The rats fed the ZD diet showed exacerbated colitis based on clinical outcomes, including weight loss, increased DAI, and shortened colon length. An in vitro study corroborated these results, showing that a large amount of TNFα was induced by rat mesenteric leukocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide in ZD medium, but not in ZA medium. These results indicate that a modulation of TNFα production due to Zn deficiency influences disease activity in DSS-induced colitis. In addition, more attention should be given to Zn for prevention of colitis.

著者

Manuel Alejandro CAMPOS MEDINA Kenji IEMURA Akatsuki KIMURA Kozo TANAKA

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.5, pp.203-219, 2021-09-21 (Released:2021-09-21)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

1

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Chromosome oscillation during metaphase is attenuated in cancer cell lines, concomitant with the reduction of Aurora A activity on kinetochores, which results in reduced mitotic fidelity. To verify the correlation between Aurora A activity, chromosome oscillation, and error correction efficiency, we developed a mathematical model of kinetochore-microtubule dynamics, based on stochastic attachment/detachment events regulated by Aurora A activity gradient centered at spindle poles. The model accurately reproduced the oscillatory movements of chromosomes, which were suppressed not only when Aurora A activity was inhibited, but also when it was upregulated, mimicking the situation in cancer cells. Our simulation also predicted efficient correction of erroneous attachments through chromosome oscillation, which was hampered by both inhibition and upregulation of Aurora A activity. Our model provides a framework to understand the physiological role of chromosome oscillation in the correction of erroneous attachments that is intrinsically related to Aurora A activity.

著者

Kensuke Yasui Noriyuki Miyoshi Hiroki Tanabe Yoko Ishigami Ryuuta Fukutomi Shinjiro Imai Mamoru Isemura

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.119-125, 2011 (Released:2011-05-03)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2 3

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Many biological activities of green tea have been attributed to a major constituent, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). We previously reported that EGCG and a catechin-rich green tea beverage modulated the gene expression of gluconeogenic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), in the mouse liver. However, it remains to be examined whether or not a constituent other than EGCG contributes to the change in gene expression of these enzymes. In this study, we separated the hot water infusion of green tea leaves (GT) into an ethanol-soluble fraction (GT-E) and an EGCG-free water-soluble fraction (GT-W), and examined their effects using rat hepatoma H4IIE cells. The inclusion of GT, GT-E, and GT-W in the culture medium reduced the gene expression of G6Pase and PEPCK. GT-W caused a decrease in expression of the transcription factor HNF4α. Reduced levels of PEPCK and HNF4α proteins were demonstrated in the cells treated with GT-W. GT-W showed an activity similar to insulin, but different from EGCG. Administration of GT-W to mice for 4 weeks reduced the hepatic expression of G6Pase, PEPCK, and HNF4α. These results suggest that green tea contains some component(s) with insulin-like activity distinguishable from EGCG and that drinking green tea may help to prevent diabetes.

著者

Kensuke Yasui Noriko Paeng Noriyuki Miyoshi Takuji Suzuki Kyoko Taguchi Yoko Ishigami Ryuuta Fukutomi Shinjiro Imai Mamoru Isemura Tsutomu Nakayama

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.9-13, 2012 (Released:2012-02-24)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

14 18

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Many biological activities of green tea have been attributed to a major constituent, (minus;)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). We previously reported that EGCG and an EGCG-free fraction derived from green tea modulated the gene expression of gluconeogenic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, in the mouse liver. EGCG is also known to affect the gene expression of enzymes related to lipid metabolism. However, it remains to be examined whether or not a constituent other than EGCG contributes to the change in gene expression of these enzymes. In this study, we prepared an EGCG-free water-soluble fraction (GT-W), and examined its effects on the hepatic gene expression of lipogenic enzymes in mice. The results of quantitative real-time PCR assays indicated that the dietary administration of GT-W for 4 weeks reduced the hepatic gene expression of lipogenic enzymes: fatty acid synthase, hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alpha. Also, the gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor (Srebf)1 and/or Srebf2 was reduced, suggesting that the reduction of Srebfs contributed to the down-regulation of the lipogenic enzymes, since these transcription factors bind the promoter region to enhance their expression. The plasma levels of triglycerides and cholesterol were reduced with statistical significance in the group given a diet containing GT-W. These results suggest that in addition to EGCG, green tea contains some component(s) which may help to prevent arteriosclerosis and obesity.

著者

Kazuyoshi TAKEDA Ko OKUMURA

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.5, pp.173-179, 2021-09-21 (Released:2021-09-21)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

5

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Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) intermediate, has been shown to ameliorate various pathologies in elderly mouse disease models. Natural killer (NK) cells are important innate immune cells; however, their functions decline with aging. In this study, we examined the effect of NMN treatment on NK cells in mice. Intraperitoneal administration of NMN augmented NK cell cytotoxic activity in both young and elderly B6 mice as well as young BALB/c mice. Oral administration of NMN also increased NK cell cytotoxicity in elderly B6 and BALB/c mice. However, the NK cell population was not increased in the mice whose NK cell cytotoxic activity was activated by NMN. Interestingly, NMN administration did not augment NK cell cytotoxic activity in IFN-γ deficient mice. These results suggest that NMN administration augments NK cell cytotoxic activity, but not cell number, in a manner dependent on IFN-γ in both young and elderly mice.

著者

Hiroki YOKOYAMA Shinichi OKADA Yuko YAMADA Koichi KITAMOTO Sumire INAGA Hironobu NAKANE Toshiyuki KAIDOH Kazuho HONDA Susumu KANZAKI Noriyuki NAMBA

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.81-90, 2020-04-01 (Released:2020-04-19)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

5

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Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is an important cause of both short- and long-term injury to renal allografts. Transplant glomerulopathy (TG) is strongly associated with ABMR and reduced graft survival. Ultrastructural changes in early-stage ABMR include TG as a duplication of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), which can be observed only by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) is a new technique that allows comparatively inexpensive, rapid, and convenient observations with high magnification. We analyzed human renal transplants using LVSEM and evaluated the ultrastructural changes representing TG in ABMR. GBM duplication was more clearly visible in the LVSEM images than in the light microscopy (LM) images. In the ABMR group, the cg score of the Banff classification was higher in 54% (7/13) of specimens for LVSEM images than for LM images. And 4 specimens exhibited duplication of the GBM analyzed by LVSEM, but not by LM. In addition, three-dimensional ultrastructural changes, such as coarse meshwork structures of GBM, were observed in ABMR specimens. The ABMR group also exhibited ultrastructural changes in the peritubular capillary basement membranes. In conclusion, analyses of renal transplant tissues using LVSEM allows the identification of GBM duplication and ultrastructural changes of basement membranes at the electron microscopic level, and is useful for early-stage diagnosis of ABMR.

著者

Atsushi TOYODA Takahiro KAWASE Takamitsu TSUKAHARA

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.101-111, 2020-04-01 (Released:2020-04-19)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

6

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The intestinal ecosystem is involved in the pathogenesis of mood disorders such as depression. Intestinal microbes can affect the central nervous system through the gut–brain axis, which raises the possibility of using probiotics for preventing depression. In this study, we examined the effect of heat-inactivated Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 (CP2305) in a subchronic and mild social defeat stress (sCSDS) mouse model. sCSDS suppressed food intake. However, dietary CP2305 intake rescued it, suggesting that CP2305 improved the decreased appetite in sCSDS mice. sCSDS did not alter the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin-3 in the hippocampus. However, dietary CP2305 provided following sCSDS increased the gene expression of these neurotrophins in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that CP2305 supplementation would aid in preventing psychosocial stress–induced disorders.

著者

Yuusuke SAITSU Akemi NISHIDE Kenji KIKUSHIMA Kuniyoshi SHIMIZU Koichiro OHNUKI

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.4, pp.125-131, 2019-08-01 (Released:2019-08-14)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

28

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Hericium erinaceus has been recognized as medical mushroom since ancient time, but its scientific evidence for human health has been still uncertain. In this study, we tested a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group comparative study to evaluate the improvement of the cognitive functions by taking supplements containing fruiting body of H. erinaceus for 12 weeks. We performed three kinds of tests: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Benton visual retention test, and Standard verbal paired-associate learning test (S-PA). MMSE alone showed that oral intake of H. erinaceus significantly improved cognitive functions and prevented from the deterioration. We speculate that various chemical compounds, including hericenones, in the mushroom have multiple effects to the brain neural networks and improve cognitive functions. Oral intake of H.erinaceus is safe and convenient method for dementia prevention so far.

著者

Eri Matsubara Kuniyoshi Shimizu Mio Fukagawa Yuka Ishizi Chikako Kakoi Tomoko Hatayama Jun Nagano Tsuyoshi Okamoto Koichiro Ohnuki Ryuichiro Kondo

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.5, pp.299-308, 2012 (Released:2012-11-01)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

1 6

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The perennial grass Vetiveria zizanioides (vetiver) is mainly cultivated for its fragrant essential oil. Although the components of the oil and their biological activities have been studied extensively, the effect of the volatiles emitted from the roots of V. zizanioides on humans has so far remained unexplored. We investigated the effects of volatile compounds emitted from the cut roots of V. zizanioides (1.0 g, low-dose conditions; 30 g, high-dose conditions) on individuals during a visual display terminal task. Participants who breathed the volatile compounds emitted under low-dose conditions showed faster reaction times and stimulation of sympathetic nerve activity as measured by electrocardiography. These effects were not observed under high-dose conditions. The total amounnt of volatiles emitted during the experiment was 0.25 μg under low-dose conditions and 1.35 &me;g under high-dose conditions. These findings indicate that volatile compounds emitted from the roots of V. zizanioides under low-dose conditions may have helped subjects to maintain performance in visual discrimination tasks while maintaining high sympathetic nerve system activity.

著者

Yoshinao HOSAKA Sachiko OZOE Rikio KIRISAWA Hiromi UEDA Kazushige TAKEHANA Mamoru YAMAGUCHI

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.233-241, 2006 (Released:2006-11-13)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

11 20

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The aim of this study was to clarify whether matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and -9: gelatinases) and pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and interleukin (IL)-1β] are induced by heat in tendon tissue in vitro and to test the hypothesis that heat exposure causes tendinocytes to synthesize pro-inflammatory cytokines and that synthesis of these cytokines, in turn, leads to up-regulation of synthesis of gelatinases. Isolated tendinocytes from equine superficial digital flexor tendons were cultured and all experiments were performed on cells passaged 3 or 4 times. In the cells exposed to heat (37 to 45°C, 0 to 60 min), the survival rate decreased sharply in a temperature- and time-dependent manner, especially at 42 and 45°C. Cells exposed at 40°C, however, showed little change in survival rate and morphology. Gelatin zymograms revealed that proMMP-2 and -9 were the only two MMPs remaining in the supernatant of the cultured tendinocytes, including that of untreated cells. Addition of TNFα and IL-1β to the culture medium of tendinocytes accelerated proMMP-9 synthesis considerably. Heating the tendinocytes (40°C) led to a three-fold increase in proMMP-9 synthesis in a short time. Only TNFα was detected in tendinocytes after heat exposure for 30 and 60 min. In contrast, IL-1β was under the detectable level in ELISA. Cooling of heat-exposed cells from 40°C to 37°C considerably down-regulated cellular proMMP-9 synthesis. Furthermore, proMMP-9 level was greatly reduced in cells treated at lower temperatures, 20°C and 5°C. These findings support our hypothesis that hyperthermia in the horse tendon induces tendinocytes to synthesize pro-inflammatory cytokines and that the synthesis of these cytokines results in the up-regulation of gelatinases.

著者

Eisuke KAWANO Taku TORIUMI Shinya IGUCHI Daigo SUZUKI Shuichi SATO Masaki HONDA

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.135-147, 2017-04-01 (Released:2017-04-22)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

21

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We previously generated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human dental pulp cells of deciduous teeth. Neural crest cells (NCCs) play a vital role in the development of the oral and maxillofacial region. Therefore, NCCs represent a cell source for bone, cartilage, and tooth-related tissue engineering. In this study, we examined whether iPS cells are capable of differentiating into NCCs through modification of the human embryonic stem cell protocol. First, iPS cells were dissociated into single cells and then reaggregated in low-cell-adhesion plates with neural induction medium for 8 days in suspension culture to form neurospheres. The neurospheres were transferred to fibronectin-coated dishes and formed rosette structures. The migrated cells from the rosettes abundantly expressed NCC markers, as evidenced by real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, the migrated cells exhibited the ability to differentiate into neural crest lineage cells in vitro. They also exhibited tissue-forming potential in vivo, differentiating into bone and cartilage. Collectively, the migrated cells had similar characteristics to those of NCCs. These results suggest that human dental pulp cell-derived iPS cells are capable of differentiating into NCCs. Therefore, iPS cell-derived NCCs represent cell sources for bone and cartilage tissue engineering.

著者

Tomoyuki SHIBATA Hiromi YAMASHITA Tomohiko KAWAMURA Yasutaka JODAI Takafumi OMORI Kazuya SUMI Yuichiro ICHIKAWA Masaaki OKUBO Takamitsu ISHIZUKA Tomomitsu TAHARA Mitsuo NAGASAKA Yoshihito NAKAGAWA Ichiro HIRATA Naoki OHMIYA Makoto NAKAO

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.5, pp.305-310, 2016-10-01 (Released:2016-10-25)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

2

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of consuming small amounts of beer or a nonalcoholic beer taste beverage (non-beer) on gastric emptying and the polymorphisms in alcohol metabolism-related enzyme-encoding genes. Twenty male healthy volunteers were questioned regarding their alcohol consumption status, and body measurement was performed. The genetic polymorphisms in ADH1B (rs1229984, Arg47His) and ALDH2 (rs671 Glu487Lys) were analyzed. The subjects consumed 150 mL of beer or non-beer once per week, followed by the ingestion of 200 kcal of the test nutrient containing 13C-acetate 15 min later, after which the subjects’ exhalations were collected up to 120 min. The concentration peak of 13C was measured as Tmax. Diamine oxidase (DAO) activity for the marker of small intestinal function activity was also measured the day after the test. Gastric emptying was significantly slower in the group that consumed a small amount of beer, and in daily beer consumption group, and also in the ADH1B *2/*2, ALDH2 *1/*2 genotypes compared to non-beer drinking group. DAO values were not significantly changed between beer and non-beer group. The consumption of even a small amount of beer and the polymorphisms in ADH1B / ALDH2 affects gastric motility.

著者

Masako YAJIMA Shin-Ichiro KARAKI Takeshi TSURUTA Shunsuke KIMURA Junko NIO-KOBAYASHI Atsukazu KUWAHARA Takaji YAJIMA

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.5, pp.319-328, 2016-10-01 (Released:2016-10-25)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

13

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Non-neuronal and atropine-sensitive ileal contractile responses to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are detected in the neonatal stage, and change with age or inflammatory conditions. However, the roles of luminal SCFAs in developmental changes have not yet been elucidated. We examined ileal contractile responses to SCFAs in mice colonized with different SCFA-producing intestinal microbiota under normal and inflammatory conditions. Using conventional (Conv), germ-free (GF), and gnotobiotic mice infected with Bifidobacterium (GB-bif), Propionibacterium (GB-prop), or Lactobacillus (GB-lact), ileal contractions were measured in 1-day-old neonates and 7-week-old mice using an isotonic transducer. Contractions occurred in all 1-day-old neonates, and were significantly desensitized in the adult stage in the Conv, GB-bif, and GB-prop groups, but not in the GF and GB-lact groups. An injection of lipopolysaccharide frequently restored desensitized contractions; however, the contraction rate did not change in the GF and GB-lact groups. The relative mRNA expression of a SCFA receptor (GPR43) or nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 was weaker in the GF group (0.3-fold or 0.4-fold expression level, respectively) than in the Conv group. In conclusion, the luminal inhabitation of SCFA-producing bacteria may potentiate the regulation of non-neuronal and atropine-sensitive ileal contractile responses to SCFAs under healthy and inflammatory conditions.

著者

Satoshi TSUZUKI

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.4, pp.127-146, 2023-08-03 (Released:2023-08-05)

参考文献数

198

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Fat (triglycerides) consumption is critical for the survival of animals, including humans. Being able to smell fat can be advantageous in judging food value. However, fat has poor volatility; thus, olfaction of fat seems impossible. What about fatty acids that comprise fat? Humans smell and discriminate medium-chain fatty acids. However, no conclusive evidence has been provided for the olfactory sense of long-chain fatty acids, including essential acids such as linoleic acid (LA). Instead, humans likely perceive the presence of essential fatty acids through the olfaction of volatile compounds generated by their oxidative breakdown (e.g., hexanal and γ-decalactone). For some people, such scents are pleasing, especially when they come from fruit. Nonetheless, it remains unclear whether the olfaction of these volatiles leads to the recognition of fat per se. Nowadays, people often smell LA-borne aldehydes such as E,E-2,4-decadienal that occur appreciably, for example, from edible oils during deep frying, and are pronely captivated by their characteristic “fatty” note, which can be considered a “pseudo-perception” of fat. However, our preference for such LA-borne aldehyde odors may be a potential cause behind the modern overdose of n-6 fatty acids. This review aims to provide a view of whether and, if any, how we olfactorily perceive dietary fats and raises future purposes related to human fat olfaction, such as investigating sub-olfactory systems for detecting long-chain fatty acids.

著者

Yasuyuki SASANO Alu KONNO Megumi NAKAMURA Akiko HENMI Miyuki MAYANAGI Mu-Chen YANG Ikuko YAO

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.4, pp.173-179, 2023-08-03 (Released:2023-08-05)

参考文献数

12

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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is used to comprehensively visualize the spatial distribution of numerous biomolecules. The present study was designed to investigate the distribution of phospholipids in developing rat teeth by IMS to identify the characteristic phospholipid molecules for tooth development, and to evaluate the suitability of tissue preparation methods. Rats at postnatal day 3 were euthanized, and the resected head specimens were either fixed or not fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA), and decalcified or not decalcified in 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) before being frozen. Subsequently, sections were prepared and mounted on glass slides coated with indium tin oxide, and analyzed by IMS. The mass spectra showed the highest peaks around m/z 706, 732, and 734 in the region of interest. Characteristic localization of signals in the tooth buds was seen around m/z 706 and 732, and a database search indicated that the corresponding molecules were phosphatidylcholines. The signals were localized to the dental papillae and enamel epithelia in the tooth buds. The PFA-fixed specimens with or without EDTA decalcification showed preserved IMS signals, while the non-fixed specimens showed fewer signals. Thus, PFA fixation with EDTA decalcification appears to be suitable for IMS analysis of calcified tissues.

著者

Minoru Suzuki Yutaka Masuda

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.5, pp.233-238, 2008 (Released:2008-11-07)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

14 12

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Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®, Roche Laboratories, Inc.) is a neuraminidase inhibitor that can cause jumpdown behaviors in children. There is a mouse slip-down model, in which the dopamine D2 receptor activity is increased by serum sialoglycolipids and the mouse jump-down behavior appears in response to the dopamine D2 receptor agonist, PPHT. The present study examined the effect of oseltamivir on jump-down behavior in mice. Oseltamivir sialylates a serum glycolipid and this modified glycolipid induces jump-down behavior via the stimulation of dopamine D2 receptors. This mechanism may be involved in the abnormal behavior of children taking oseltamivir.

著者

Hiroyuki TADA Takamitsu SHIMIZU Kenji MATSUSHITA Haruhiko TAKADA

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.167-173, 2017-06-01 (Released:2017-06-20)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

10 12

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hCAP-18/LL-37 is an antimicrobial peptide that is mainly expressed in epithelial cells. Gingival epithelial cells play pivotal roles in antimicrobial defense by expressing hCAP-18/LL-37. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a primary pathogen for chronic periodontitis and produces cysteine proteinase gingipains, which induce proinflammatory cytokines production, leading to enhance inflammatory responses. In contrast, gingipains attenuate immune responses, leading to induce anti-inflammatory responses. In this study, we investigated the ability of gingipains to attenuate P. gingivalis-induced hCAP-18/LL-37 production by human gingival epithelial Ca9-22 cells. The expression of LL-37 mRNA was increased by the infection of Ca9-22 cells with a P. gingivalis gingipains-null mutant KDP136 compared with P. gingivalis wild-type strain ATCC 33277. Interleukin (IL)-33 is involved in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, and P. gingivalis infection increases IL-33 production by human gingival epithelial cells. P. gingivalis-induced LL-37 mRNA expression was augmented in IL-33 small interfering RNA-transfected Ca9-22 cells. Maxacalcitol (22-oxacalcitriol: OCT) is a biologically active metabolite of vitamin D3 analog, and OCT increases hCAP-18/LL-37 production by human gingival epithelial cells. The increasing expression of LL-37 mRNA by OCT was down-regulated by infection of the cells with P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 in Ca9-22 cells. Furthermore, P. gingivalis infection induced IL-33 mRNA expression in Ca9-22 cells; therefore, P. gingivalis-induced endogenous IL-33 down-regulated hCAP-18/LL-37 production by the bacterium. These findings suggested that endogenous IL-33 down-regulates the induction of hCAP-18/LL-37 production in human gingival epithelial cells.

著者

Natsuko AIDA Kazuyoshi TAKEDA Susumu NAKAE Hirohisa SAITO Ko OKUMURA Toshifumi AZUMA Tatsukuni OHNO

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.9-16, 2023-01-25 (Released:2023-01-23)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1

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Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family that has been studied primarily in the context of type 2 immune responses. Recent reports suggest that IL-33 also enhances the func- tions of various immune cells and contributes to the development of different inflammatory diseas- es. Interestingly, IL-33 and its receptor ST2 axis exerted either inhibitory or promotional effects on alveolar bone loss in various periodontitis models. Using a mouse model of ligature-induced periodontitis, we found that the levels of mRNAs encoding IL-33 and other inflammatory cyto- kines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα) were augmented in gingival tissues of wild-type (WT) mice, and that the alveolar bone loss amount was lower in IL-33-deficient than WT mice. The numbers and proportions of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T and regulatory T cells were decreased while those of Th17 cells were increased in the draining lymph nodes of IL-33-deficient mice compared to WT mice. Additionally, the level of RNA encoding an osteoclastogenic molecule, i.e., receptor activa- tor of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), in ligated gingival tissue was higher in IL-33-defi- cient than WT mice. These results suggest that IL-33 is involved in alveolar bone loss in the ligature-induced periodontitis model, although IL-33 may inhibit osteoclast differentiation.

著者

Syota SEINO Takeru KIMOTO Hidemi YOSHIDA Kunikazu TANJI Tomoh MATSUMIYA Ryo HAYAKARI Kazuhiko SEYA Shogo KAWAGUCHI Kazushi TSURUGA Hiroshi TANAKA Tadaatsu IMAIZUMI

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.105-115, 2018-06-01 (Released:2018-06-12)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

10 15

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Accumulation and oligomerization of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides have been known to be a potent cause of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To expand the possibilities of preventing AD, we investigated the effects of resveratrol dimers, gnetin C and ε-viniferin, on Aβ 1–42 (Aβ42) production and the reduced cell viability observed after Aβ42 treatment (monomers, 10 μM) in cultured SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Among them, addition of gnetin C (20 μM) into the media reduced Aβ42 production most efficiently. Gnetin C suppressed the expression of β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1, β-secretase). Furthermore, gnetin C ameliorated the Aβ42-reduced cell viability most significantly. Concomitantly, gnetin C reduced intracellular Aβ oligomers (ca. 15 and 130 kDa) and elevated both levels of intracellular and extracellular Aβ monomers. Under the treatment with or without Aβ42, gnetin C upregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14) which is assumed to be an Aβ-decomposing enzyme. Gnetin C may thereby prevent Aβ toxicity by suppressing BACE1 and enhancing MMP-14, together with reducing both internalization and oligomerization of exogenous Aβ monomers. The use of gnetin C may lead to the prevention of Aβ-mediated diseases, particularly AD.