著者

Takaaki Tomofuji Daisuke Ekuni Koichiro Irie Tetsuji Azuma Naofumi Tamaki Takayuki Maruyama Tatsuo Yamamoto Tatsuo Watanabe Manabu Morita

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.5, pp.343-349, 2011 (Released:2011-10-28)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

4 44

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Gingival response to periodontal inflammation generates excessive lipid peroxide and such a condition may augment systemic health through increased circulating lipid peroxide. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the generation of lipid peroxide in periodontal inflammation could induce tissue injury in the liver, heart, kidney and brain using a rat model. Twelve Wistar rats (8 week-old male) were divided into 2 groups: the periodontal inflammation group, receiving topical application of lipopolysaccharide and proteases to the gingival sulcus for 4 weeks, and the control group using instead pyrogen-free water. After blood samples were collected, specimens from the brain, heart, liver and kidney were resected to determine the concentration of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (an indicator of oxidative DNA damage). Gingival and serum levels for hexanoyl-lysine were measured to evaluate lipid peroxide. Administration of lipopolysaccharide and proteases induced periodontal inflammation, with increasing gingival and serum levels of hexanoyl- lysine. The level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine increased 2.27, 2.01, 1.49 and 1.40 times in mitochondrial DNA from the liver, heart, kidney and brain of rats with periodontal inflammation, respectively. The results reveal that excessive production of lipid peroxide following periodontal inflammation is involved in oxidative DNA damage of the brain, heart, liver and kidney.

著者

Hirotoshi UTSUNOMIYA Tadashi YAMAKAWA Junzo KAMEI Kazuaki KADONOSONO Shun-Ichi TANAKA

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.5, pp.193-200, 2005 (Released:2005-12-05)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

11 24

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Dried plums, considered a healthy food in the West and used as medicine in India, contain phenolic compounds with protective actions against age-related diseases. Effects of oral plum ekisu (concentrated juice) on lipid and glucose tolerance were assessed in insulin-resistant obese Wistar fatty rats. Plum ingestion decreased blood glucose (P < 0.05) and plasma triglyceride concentrations (P < 0.01) compared with controls. Plum treatment for 2 weeks reduced areas under the curve (AUCs) for glucose and insulin during a glucose tolerance test. In db/db mice, plum decreased these AUCs, and also blood glucose during an insulin tolerance test. Plum treatment significantly increased plasma adiponectin concentrations and PPARγ mRNA expression in adipose tissue from Wistar fatty rats. Plum thus may increase insulin sensitivity in these rats via adiponectin-related mechanisms.

著者

Isao Nadaoka Masaaki Yasue Yasushi Kitagawa Yoshihiko Koga

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.145-152, 2012 (Released:2012-07-05)

参考文献数

60

被引用文献数

3 9 4

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Dried rhizomes of Cimicifuga racemosa (CR), which are known as black cohosh, have been widely used as herbal dietary supplements to treat menopausal symptoms. The present study examined the effect of CR extracts on human psychological and physiological responses to acute stress induced by mental arithmetic tests, by measuring the subjective stress intensity, the brain-wave patterns according to electroencephalography, and the concentrations of salivary chromogranin-A and cortisol. The experiments were performed double-blind and their order was counterbalanced. Treatment with CR significantly attenuated the elevated subjective perception of stress and the increased salivary chromogranin-A levels compared with placebo treatment. CR extract also rapidly recovered the decrease in alpha waveband induced by performing the mental arithmetic task. We therefore propose that CR extracts might be suitable for the prevention and treatment of stressrelated disorders.

著者

Ken YAMAGUCHI Kenichi URAKAMI Takeshi NAGASHIMA Yuji SHIMODA Shumpei OHNAMI Sumiko OHNAMI Keiichi OHSHIMA Tohru MOCHIZUKI Keiichi HATAKEYAMA Masakuni SERIZAWA Yasuto AKIYAMA Kouji MARUYAMA Hirohisa KATAGIRI Yuji ISHIDA Kaoru TAKAHASHI Seiichiro NISHIMURA Masanori TERASHIMA Taiichi KAWAMURA Yusuke KINUGASA Yushi YAMAKAWA Tetsuro ONITSUKA Yasuhisa OHDE Takashi SUGINO Ichiro ITO Hiroyuki MATSUBAYASHI Yasue HORIUCHI Maki MIZUGUCHI Mutsumi YAMAZAKI Kengo INOUE Kimiko WAKAMATSU Misato SUGIYAMA Katsuhiko UESAKA Masatoshi KUSUHARA

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.4, pp.259-264, 2016-08-01 (Released:2016-08-20)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

7

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Using whole exome sequencing data obtained from 1,685 Japanese cancer patients, we examined genetic variations of germline TP53 and found 10 types of non-synonymous single nucleotide variants. In the present study, we focused on 6 patients with germline D49H mutation located in the transactivation domain 2 of p53 protein, since the mutation seemed to be prevalent in cancer patients and to be pathogenic. According to the initial survey for family history of the proband with the germline TP53 D49H mutation, one osteosarcoma patient and his pedigree fulfill the criteria for Li-Fraumeni-like syndrome and the 2009 Chompret criteria for germline TP53 mutation screening. Since this patient possesses double germline mutations of TP53 D49H and A159D, further studies are required to evaluate contribution of the D49H mutation in this morbidity. The remaining 5 patients had family histories of cancer, but none fulfills the criteria either for the Li-Fraumeni/Li-Fraumeni-like syndromes or the 2009 Chompret criteria for germline TP53 mutation screening. It is possible to postulate that the germline TP53 D49H mutation is likely to be low-penetrant in some pedigrees. The present study also indicates that the survey for the germline TP53 mutation plays an important role in clinical practice as it will prevent mistaking cancer patients with unusual heredities for sporadic cases.

著者

SHOICHIRO TSUKITA HARUNORI ISHIKAWA

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, pp.424-437, 1981-08-01 (Released:2017-11-22)

被引用文献数

69

著者

Shimi Rani ROY Jun WANG Md. Rubel RANA Mikiko NAKASHIMA Toshinobu TOKUMOTO

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.79-87, 2017-02-01 (Released:2017-02-24)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3

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Oocyte maturation in medaka is induced by the maturation-inducing hormone (MIH) via its membrane receptor. The most likely candidates for the membrane receptor are membrane progestin receptors (mPRs). In order to characterize the mPRα subtype of medaka, a human cell line expressing the mPRα gene of medaka was established and its steroid binding property was assessed. The α subtype exhibited high binding affinity for 17,20β-DHP, the MIH in medaka. Treatment with a morpholino antisense oligonucleotide to mPRα blocked oocyte maturation in vivo. These results suggest that the medaka mPRα protein acts as an intermediary during MIH-induced oocyte maturation in medaka in a manner similar to that described previously for fish species.

著者

Tomomi SATOH-NAKAMURA Nozomu KUROSE Takafumi KAWANAMI Takuji NAKAMURA Haruka IWAO-KAWANAMI Akio NAKAJIMA Miyuki MIKI Tomoyuki SAKAI Yoshimasa FUJITA Masao TANAKA Toshihiro FUKUSHIMA Yasufumi MASAKI

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.143-153, 2015-04-01 (Released:2015-04-16)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

3 10 1

---

Proliferated IgG4+ plasma cells are polyclonal, suggesting that the pathogenesis of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) involves upstream events related to the regulation of IgG4 expansion. We hypothesized that lymphoid follicle formation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD. Using various antibodies, especially against monocyte, macrophage, and follicular dendritic cell markers, we immunohistochemically assessed the distribution of immune cells in lymphoid follicles. Pathological findings of tissue samples from patients with IgG4-RD (n = 22), reactive hyperplasia (n = 3), multicentric Castleman’s disease (n = 3), and Sjögren’s syndrome (n = 13) were analyzed. CD14-positive lymphoid follicles were observed only in patients with IgG4-RD, and CD14-positive cells were identified as follicular dendritic cells by multicolor immunohistochemistry. There were few differences in the distributions of other cell types between the IgG4-RD and control groups. The presence of CD14+ follicular dendritic cells in lymphoid follicles may play a pathophysiological role in IgG4-RD.

著者

Eri Matsubara Kuniyoshi Shimizu Mio Fukagawa Yuka Ishizi Chikako Kakoi Tomoko Hatayama Jun Nagano Tsuyoshi Okamoto Koichiro Ohnuki Ryuichiro Kondo

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.5, pp.299-308, 2012 (Released:2012-11-01)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

1 6

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The perennial grass Vetiveria zizanioides (vetiver) is mainly cultivated for its fragrant essential oil. Although the components of the oil and their biological activities have been studied extensively, the effect of the volatiles emitted from the roots of V. zizanioides on humans has so far remained unexplored. We investigated the effects of volatile compounds emitted from the cut roots of V. zizanioides (1.0 g, low-dose conditions; 30 g, high-dose conditions) on individuals during a visual display terminal task. Participants who breathed the volatile compounds emitted under low-dose conditions showed faster reaction times and stimulation of sympathetic nerve activity as measured by electrocardiography. These effects were not observed under high-dose conditions. The total amounnt of volatiles emitted during the experiment was 0.25 μg under low-dose conditions and 1.35 &me;g under high-dose conditions. These findings indicate that volatile compounds emitted from the roots of V. zizanioides under low-dose conditions may have helped subjects to maintain performance in visual discrimination tasks while maintaining high sympathetic nerve system activity.

著者

Yoshinao HOSAKA Sachiko OZOE Rikio KIRISAWA Hiromi UEDA Kazushige TAKEHANA Mamoru YAMAGUCHI

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.233-241, 2006 (Released:2006-11-13)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

11 20

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The aim of this study was to clarify whether matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and -9: gelatinases) and pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and interleukin (IL)-1β] are induced by heat in tendon tissue in vitro and to test the hypothesis that heat exposure causes tendinocytes to synthesize pro-inflammatory cytokines and that synthesis of these cytokines, in turn, leads to up-regulation of synthesis of gelatinases. Isolated tendinocytes from equine superficial digital flexor tendons were cultured and all experiments were performed on cells passaged 3 or 4 times. In the cells exposed to heat (37 to 45°C, 0 to 60 min), the survival rate decreased sharply in a temperature- and time-dependent manner, especially at 42 and 45°C. Cells exposed at 40°C, however, showed little change in survival rate and morphology. Gelatin zymograms revealed that proMMP-2 and -9 were the only two MMPs remaining in the supernatant of the cultured tendinocytes, including that of untreated cells. Addition of TNFα and IL-1β to the culture medium of tendinocytes accelerated proMMP-9 synthesis considerably. Heating the tendinocytes (40°C) led to a three-fold increase in proMMP-9 synthesis in a short time. Only TNFα was detected in tendinocytes after heat exposure for 30 and 60 min. In contrast, IL-1β was under the detectable level in ELISA. Cooling of heat-exposed cells from 40°C to 37°C considerably down-regulated cellular proMMP-9 synthesis. Furthermore, proMMP-9 level was greatly reduced in cells treated at lower temperatures, 20°C and 5°C. These findings support our hypothesis that hyperthermia in the horse tendon induces tendinocytes to synthesize pro-inflammatory cytokines and that the synthesis of these cytokines results in the up-regulation of gelatinases.

著者

Eisuke KAWANO Taku TORIUMI Shinya IGUCHI Daigo SUZUKI Shuichi SATO Masaki HONDA

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.135-147, 2017-04-01 (Released:2017-04-22)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

22

---

We previously generated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human dental pulp cells of deciduous teeth. Neural crest cells (NCCs) play a vital role in the development of the oral and maxillofacial region. Therefore, NCCs represent a cell source for bone, cartilage, and tooth-related tissue engineering. In this study, we examined whether iPS cells are capable of differentiating into NCCs through modification of the human embryonic stem cell protocol. First, iPS cells were dissociated into single cells and then reaggregated in low-cell-adhesion plates with neural induction medium for 8 days in suspension culture to form neurospheres. The neurospheres were transferred to fibronectin-coated dishes and formed rosette structures. The migrated cells from the rosettes abundantly expressed NCC markers, as evidenced by real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, the migrated cells exhibited the ability to differentiate into neural crest lineage cells in vitro. They also exhibited tissue-forming potential in vivo, differentiating into bone and cartilage. Collectively, the migrated cells had similar characteristics to those of NCCs. These results suggest that human dental pulp cell-derived iPS cells are capable of differentiating into NCCs. Therefore, iPS cell-derived NCCs represent cell sources for bone and cartilage tissue engineering.

著者

Tomoyuki SHIBATA Hiromi YAMASHITA Tomohiko KAWAMURA Yasutaka JODAI Takafumi OMORI Kazuya SUMI Yuichiro ICHIKAWA Masaaki OKUBO Takamitsu ISHIZUKA Tomomitsu TAHARA Mitsuo NAGASAKA Yoshihito NAKAGAWA Ichiro HIRATA Naoki OHMIYA Makoto NAKAO

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.5, pp.305-310, 2016-10-01 (Released:2016-10-25)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

2

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of consuming small amounts of beer or a nonalcoholic beer taste beverage (non-beer) on gastric emptying and the polymorphisms in alcohol metabolism-related enzyme-encoding genes. Twenty male healthy volunteers were questioned regarding their alcohol consumption status, and body measurement was performed. The genetic polymorphisms in ADH1B (rs1229984, Arg47His) and ALDH2 (rs671 Glu487Lys) were analyzed. The subjects consumed 150 mL of beer or non-beer once per week, followed by the ingestion of 200 kcal of the test nutrient containing 13C-acetate 15 min later, after which the subjects’ exhalations were collected up to 120 min. The concentration peak of 13C was measured as Tmax. Diamine oxidase (DAO) activity for the marker of small intestinal function activity was also measured the day after the test. Gastric emptying was significantly slower in the group that consumed a small amount of beer, and in daily beer consumption group, and also in the ADH1B *2/*2, ALDH2 *1/*2 genotypes compared to non-beer drinking group. DAO values were not significantly changed between beer and non-beer group. The consumption of even a small amount of beer and the polymorphisms in ADH1B / ALDH2 affects gastric motility.

著者

Masako YAJIMA Shin-Ichiro KARAKI Takeshi TSURUTA Shunsuke KIMURA Junko NIO-KOBAYASHI Atsukazu KUWAHARA Takaji YAJIMA

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.5, pp.319-328, 2016-10-01 (Released:2016-10-25)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

13

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Non-neuronal and atropine-sensitive ileal contractile responses to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are detected in the neonatal stage, and change with age or inflammatory conditions. However, the roles of luminal SCFAs in developmental changes have not yet been elucidated. We examined ileal contractile responses to SCFAs in mice colonized with different SCFA-producing intestinal microbiota under normal and inflammatory conditions. Using conventional (Conv), germ-free (GF), and gnotobiotic mice infected with Bifidobacterium (GB-bif), Propionibacterium (GB-prop), or Lactobacillus (GB-lact), ileal contractions were measured in 1-day-old neonates and 7-week-old mice using an isotonic transducer. Contractions occurred in all 1-day-old neonates, and were significantly desensitized in the adult stage in the Conv, GB-bif, and GB-prop groups, but not in the GF and GB-lact groups. An injection of lipopolysaccharide frequently restored desensitized contractions; however, the contraction rate did not change in the GF and GB-lact groups. The relative mRNA expression of a SCFA receptor (GPR43) or nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 was weaker in the GF group (0.3-fold or 0.4-fold expression level, respectively) than in the Conv group. In conclusion, the luminal inhabitation of SCFA-producing bacteria may potentiate the regulation of non-neuronal and atropine-sensitive ileal contractile responses to SCFAs under healthy and inflammatory conditions.

著者

Nobuhito IKEDA Natsumi NAKAZAWA Yasutaka KURATA Hisako YAURA Fikri TAUFIQ Hiroyuki MINATO Akio YOSHIDA Haruaki NINOMIYA Yuji NAKAYAMA Masanari KUWABARA Yasuaki SHIRAYOSHI Ichiro HISATOME

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.4, pp.229-238, 2017-08-01 (Released:2017-08-09)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

8

---

Proepicardium (PE) cells generate cardiac fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells that form coronary arteries. T-box18 (Tbx18) is a well-known marker of PE cells and epicardium. We examined whether Tbx18-positive cells differentiated from murine embryonic stem (ES) cells serve as PE progenitors to give rise to vascular SMCs and fibroblasts. To collect Tbx18-positive cells, we established Tbx18-EGFP knock-in mouse ES cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We harvested the Tbx18-EGFP-positive cells on day 8, 10 and 14 after the initiation of differentiation; Tbx18 mRNA was enriched on day 8 to 14 and Snai2 mRNA was enriched on day 8 and 10, indicating successful collection of Tbx18-positive cells. Tbx18-EGFP-positive cells expressed the PE marker WT1 on day 8 and 10. They also expressed the SMC marker Acta2 and fibroblast markers Thy1 and Fsp1 on day 8 to 14, but did not express the endothelial cell marker PECAM or the cardiac cell marker CD166 or Myh7. In conclusion, Tbx18-positive cells represent a part of PE cells in the initial phase of differentiation and subsequently include SMCs as well as fibroblasts. These results indicate that Tbx18-positive cells serve as a PE progenitor to supply a variety of cells that contribute to the formation of coronary arteries.

著者

Keisuke TSUTSUI Masato KAKU Masahide MOTOKAWA Yuiko TOHMA Toshitsugu KAWATA Tadashi FUJITA Shinya KOHNO Junji OHTANI Kaoru TENJOH Mao NAKANO Hiroko KAMADA Kazuo TANNE

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.1-7, 2007 (Released:2007-03-13)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

29 59

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It has been reported that reduction of masticatory afferent stimulation might influence learning and memory function. In order to clarify the influences of reduced masticatory sensory input on spatial memory/learning ability and neuropathological changes, we conducted the Morris water maze experiment and investigated the number of hippocampal neurons in association with the differences in masticatory afferent stimuli from hard- and soft-diet feeding in mice. The water maze experiment showed no significant difference in learning ability between 180-day-old solid- and powderdiet groups. Meanwhile, the ability was significantly reduced in the 360-day-old powder-diet group as compared with the age-matched solid-diet group. The total number of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions was significantly smaller in 360-day-old powder-diet group than in the remaining groups. These results demonstrate that reduction of masticatory afferent stimuli due to long-term soft-diet feeding may induce neuron loss in the hippocampus and reduced memory/learning ability.

著者

Kazuhiko OCHIAI Toshina ISHIGURO-OONUMA Yasunaga YOSHIKAWA Chihiro UDAGAWA Yuiko KATO Masami WATANABE Makoto BONKOBARA Masami MORIMATSU Toshinori OMI

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.155-158, 2015-04-01 (Released:2015-04-16)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2 13

---

Mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2 leading to the failure of interactions with the recombinase RAD51 are associated with an increased risk of cancer in humans. This interaction depends on the eight BRC repeat (BRC1–8) sequences in BRCA2. We previously reported that canine BRC3 has two polymorphisms (T1425P and K1435R) influencing the interaction with RAD51, and 1435R was identified in mammary tumor dog samples. In this study, we investigated the sequence variations of BRC3 and 4 in 236 dogs of five breeds. Allele frequencies of 1425P and 1435R were 0.063 and 0.314, respectively, and there was no other polymorphism in the sequenced region. A mammalian two-hybrid assay using BRC3–4 sequences demonstrated that 1425P allele reduced the binding strength with RAD51 but 1435R had no effect. These results may provide an insight into the functions of not only individual but also multiple BRC repeats of BRCA2 in dogs.

著者

Tetsuya KAWAKITA Fuminori KAWABATA Tomoko TSUJI Motoko KAWASHIMA Shigeto SHIMMURA Kazuo TSUBOTA

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.5, pp.215-220, 2013 (Released:2013-11-02)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 36

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of fish oil supplementation added to usual dry eye treatment in dry eye subjects in a randomized controlled trial. Twenty-seven typical dry eye subjects were selected from 43 candidates by the diagnostic criterion for dry eye in this study. They were assigned to the randomized fish oil group (n = 15) or the placebo group (n = 12). Fish oil group ingested fish oil capsules containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 1245 mg/day) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 540 mg/day) for 12 weeks. Placebo group ingested placebo capsules without EPA or DHA. A visual analog scale test estimating subjective symptoms, the Schirmer I test, tear film break-up time (BUT) measurement, fluorescein staining, and rose bengal staining were performed every 4 weeks during the 12-week supplementation period and 4-week washout period. The subjective symptom of “eye pain”, BUT, and changes in rose bengal staining score of the fish oil group were significantly improved after 8-12 weeks of supplementation and/or 4 weeks of washout, compared to those of the placebo group. These results suggest that fish oil supplementation added to usual care may be effective in the treatment of dry eye.

著者

Kazunari Sato Toshihiko Kawamura Satoshi Yamagiwa

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.4, pp.259-262, 2010 (Released:2010-09-08)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

4 5

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Neuroadrenergic abnormalities, including a predominant activity of parasympathetic nerve and blunted hormone secretion, are recognized in the overweight patients. This study aimed to examine whether the “Senobi” breathing method, a stretch-breathing exercise that we have developed, could activate or recover sympathetic nervous system activity that leads to the loss of body weight. Forty pre-menopausal women, aged 40 to 50 years, participated in this study. Twenty were healthy and the other 20 were overweight (body mass index › 25 and body fat › 30%). Sympathetic nerve activity was assessed using equipment that analyzes cardiac-beat variation, and several urinary hormone levels were examined before and 30 min after performing the “Senobi” breathing exercise. The average proportion of sympathetic nerve among healthy women during daytime hours (10 : 00 AM to 12 : 00 PM) was 62.6% ± 2.6%. On the other hand, that of overweight women was 33.5% ± 0.4%. After 1 min of the “Senobi” breathing, substantial up-regulation of sympathetic nerve activity and increased urinary hormone secretion were observed in the overweight women but not in the healthy controls. Moreover, after repeating the exercise for a month, the obese patients showed significant loss of body fat. The “Senobi” breathing exercise was found to be effective for weight loss in obesity possibly by regulating the autonomic nervous system and the hormone secretion.

著者

Keiichic Ohshima Sachiyo Takeda Mariko Hirose Yasuto Akiyama Kazuaki Iguchi Minoru Hoshino Ken Yamaguchi Tohru Mochizuki

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.191-199, 2012 (Released:2012-07-05)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1 6

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Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence within 87-107. NLS sequences are generally capable of penetrating cellular membranes due to a richness of basic amino acid residues, and thus have been used as cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) to translocate biologically active peptides/proteins into cells. The NLS sequence of PTHrP is not exception to this finding; however, PTHrP(87-107) contains 2 acidic glutamate residues at 99 and 101 within the basic amino acid stretch, which is not commonly observed in other CPPs such as HIV-1 Tat(48-60). In this study, we indicated structure-function relationship of the PTHrP NLS to understand the effect of acidic glutamate residues on cell permeability and intracellular localization. We chemically synthesized PTHrP(87-107) and its N-terminally truncated analogues. Their intracellular localization pattern was analyzed by microscopy, radioimmunoassay, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Although all analogues were translocated into cells, internalization by the cytoplasm and/or nucleus was length-dependent; specifically, PTHrP(97-107), PTHrP(95-107), and PTHrP(93-107) were more frequently localized in the cytoplasm. We assume that reduction in the net positive charge within PTHrP NLS analogues resulted in increased cytoplasm- translocation activity. We propose that PTHrP(97-107) is a useful carrier peptide for delivery and expression of cargo molecules in the cytoplasm.