1 0 0 0 OA Relationship between NF-κB Expression and Malignancy of Canine Mammary Gland Tumor Tissues
- 著者
- Lobna MKAOUAR Yoshifumi ENDO He XI JUN Soo-Jung LEE Tassanee JAROENSONG Manabu MOCHIZUKI Kazuyuki UCHIDA Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA Nobuo SASAKI Takayuki NAKAGAWA
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.1112250747, (Released:2012-01-05)
- 被引用文献数
- 4 5
In this study, the nuclear expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in 48 tissues specimens from 25 canine spontaneous mammary gland tumor (MGT) patients were assessed by immunohistochemistry to compare their levels with clinical features, histological types, prognostic outcomes and proliferative activities, including the mitotic index (MI) and cylcinD1 expression. Twelve of eighteen (66.7%) malignant tumor tissues showed a nuclear staining greater than 10%, while benign tumor and hyperplastic tissues showed nuclear staining less than 10%. Higher nuclear expression of NF-κB was positively correlated with larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis and higher MI, however no correlation was observed with distant metastasis and cyclin D1 expression. Higher NF-κB nuclear expression correlated with shorter patient survival. These findings suggest that NF-κB is a useful prognostic factor for canine MGT patients.
- 著者
- Miho TANAKA Akiko INOUE Kei YAMAMOTO Satoshi TAMAHARA Naoaki MATSUKI
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.1201050751, (Released:2012-01-10)
- 被引用文献数
- 3 5
Necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME), necrotizing leukoencephalitis (NLE) and granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) are common idiopathic inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) diseases with unknown etiology in dogs. We previously showed that IgG autoantibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of NME cases reacted to unknown brain proteins as well as to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In the present report, we evaluated the autoantibodies against transglutaminase2 (TG2) in the canine CNS diseases. CSF samples obtained from dogs with NME (n=19), NLE (n=7), GME (n=11) and miscellaneous CNS diseases (n=12) were subjected. CSFs from 20 healthy dogs were used as controls. Indirect fluorescent antibody test on the canine cerebrum revealed astrocyte-binding IgG in the CSF of NME. After absorption of the CSF with bovine GFAP, the CSF still possessed the reactivity to astrocytes. Double-color staining showed clear colocalization of the autoantibodies and anti-human TG2 rabbit polyclonal IgG. An immunoblot assay against human recombinant TG2 revealed anti-TG2 IgG in the CSF from dogs with NME, NLE and GME. The CSF of canine idiopathic encephalitis cases, notably of NME, tended to show high ELISA OD values against human recombinant TG2 compared to healthy controls. The presence of anti-TG2 autoantibodies in the CSF may contribute to the elucidation of the etiology of canine NME, NLE and GME.
- 著者
- Takahiro KOMATSU Hidetomo IWANO Masashi EBISAWA Ai WATABE Yoshifumi ENDO Kazuko HIRAYAMA Hiroyuki TANIYAMA Tsuyoshi KADOSAWA
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.1201050749, (Released:2012-01-10)
- 被引用文献数
- 2 4
Cytological diagnosis is not generally conclusive enough to identify histopathological malignancy in canine mammary tumors (CMTs). To establish cytological examination using fine needle biopsy (FNB) samples, gene expressions of hormonal receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and transcription regulators (Special AT-rich binding protein 1: SATB1 and Snail) were investigated in both tissue and FNB samples of CMTs. In tissue samples of malignant CMTs, especially invasive ones, low expressions of hormonal receptors and high expressions of SATB1 and Snail were detected. On discriminant analysis of tissue samples, 73.2% of CMTs were correctly classified according to histopathological examinations. In FNB samples of malignant CMTs, low expressions of hormonal receptors were detected. On discriminant analysis of FNB samples, 74.2% of CMTs were correctly classified according to histopathological examination. In conclusion, FNB gene expressions had a utility for diagnosis of CMTs malignancy in some degree. By researching more sensitive genes for malignant CMTs, the gene examination of FNB samples from CMTs will become a useful diagnostic tool that can be performed easily without anesthesia and could predict tumor malignancy and invasion prior to surgical removal.
- 著者
- Dong-In JUNG Ju-Won KIM Hee-Myung PARK
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.1112210737, (Released:2011-12-28)
- 被引用文献数
- 3 6
A 4-year-old intact female Pekingese dog was presented with ataxia and seizure episodes. Based on magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis results, meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology was suspected. The present case was survived for 1,096 days under cyclosporine plus prednisolone therapy and definitely diagnosed to necrotizing meningoencephalitis. This report describes the clinical findings, serial magnetic resonance imaging characteristics, and pathologic features of a necrotizing meningoencephalitis and long-term survival after cyclosporine with prednisolone therapy.
- 著者
- Chun-Ho PARK Daisuke KOJIMA Hitoshi HATAI Satoshi INOUE Toshifumi OYAMADA
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.1112250744, (Released:2011-12-28)
- 被引用文献数
- 4 5
Traumatic neuroma of the cervical spinal cord was diagnosed in a 14-year-old male mixed-breed dog. A gross view showed two intradural extramedullary masses, measuring 1 cm and 0.6 cm in length and 0.7 cm and 0.4 cm in diameter, attached to the left side of the spinal cord at the level of the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae. Microscopically, the cervical spinal masses comprised interlacing fascicles of axons and Schwann cells surrounded by collagenous stroma. Immunohistochemically, the fascicles stained positively for neurofilament and S-100 proteins. Ultrastructurally, variably sized myelinated fibers and onion bulb-like structures were observed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a traumatic neuroma in the cervical spinal cord of a dog.
- 著者
- Mai UWANO Rui KANO Haruhiko MARUYAMA Atsuhiko HASEGAWA Hiroshi KAMATA
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.1112250742, (Released:2011-12-28)
- 被引用文献数
- 1
The small molecule inhibitor, ABT-737, inhibits Bcl-2 that is overexpressed in many tumor cell lines and, in combination with an anticancer drug, can strongly enhance proapoptotic activity. In the present study, we evaluated the inhibitory activity of ABT-737 on the survival of a canine melanoma cell line (MCM-N1). MCM-N1 cell viability was decreased following 24- and 48-hr culture with ABT-737, depending on ABT-737 concentration, while cell viability was unchanged in controls. ABT-737 synergized with carboplatin to promote cell death. Notably, approximately 50% of MCM-N1 cells survived following culture with 2-4 μg/ml of carboplatin; whereas, less than 20% of MCM-N1 cells survived following culture with ABT-737 (1 μM) plus carboplatin (2–10 μg/ml).
- 著者
- Atsuko MURAI Naohito NISHII Takehito MORITA Masashi YUKI
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.1112250739, (Released:2011-12-28)
- 被引用文献数
- 5 9
Two intact female dogs were admitted for growing mammary tumors. They had symptoms of acromegaly including weight gain, enlargement of the head, excessive skin folds, and inspiratory stridor. Serum concentrations of GH, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), and insulin were elevated in the two cases. From these findings, both dogs were diagnosed with acromegaly. In case 1, the GH, IGF-I, and insulin levels subsided after removal of the focal benign mammary tumors and ovariohysterectomy. In case 2, those levels subsided after removal of only focal mammary carcinoma. In both cases, immunohistochemical investigations for GH were positive in the mammary tumor cells but not in the normal mammary glands. We concluded that GH-producing mammary tumors caused the present acromegaly.
- 著者
- Claudia SALVADORI Maria Domenica PINTORE Emanuele RICCI Martin KONAR Chiara Laura TARTARELLI Nicola GASPARINETTI Carlo CANTILE
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.73, no.3, pp.367-370, 2011 (Released:2011-03-30)
- 参考文献数
- 15
- 被引用文献数
- 4 5
A 5-year-old female cross-breed dog was presented with a 1-month history of progressive changes in the posture of the head and in the gait. At neurological examination the dog showed a central vestibular syndrome lateralized to the left. MRI showed a space occupying lesion within the fourth ventricle, characterized by iso- to hypointensity in T1 and hyperintensity in T2 with a heterogeneous contrast uptake. Histologically, a neoplasia composed of meningothelial cells forming compact whorls with slight atypia, and stellate cells delimitating microcysts containing eosinophilic fluid was observed. Neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and negative for GFAP and FVIII. A diagnosis of intraventricular microcystic meningioma was achieved. Intraventricular meningiomas in dogs are rarely encountered and reports of meningiomas within the fourth ventricle have not yet been described. Although choroid plexus tumor is the most frequent neoplasia localized in the fourth ventricle, intraventricular meningioma should be included in the differential diagnoses.
- 著者
- Jung-ha LEE Jong-hoon LEE Hun-young YOON Na-hyun KIM Jung-hyang SUR Soon-wuk JEONG
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.1112200732, (Released:2011-12-26)
- 被引用文献数
- 5 10
A six-year-old intact female Maltese dog weighing 3.8 kg presented with a history of mild lameness and swelling on both forelimbs. Radiographic and computed tomographic views revealed an extensive periosteal reaction in all four limbs and a large round mass on the right middle lung lobe. A total lobectomy was performed and pulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma was histologically confirmed. A diagnosis of hypertrophic osteopathy (HO) secondary to a lung tumor was made. Periosteal proliferation decreased significantly after surgery; however, there was evidence of dyspnea, mass recurrence, and periosteal reaction three months post-operatively. This is the first case report of pulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma with HO in a dog in which we describe clinical, imaging, surgical, and histological findings.
- 著者
- Jae Yeon LEE
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.1112200731, (Released:2011-12-26)
- 被引用文献数
- 11 24
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of propofol and thiopental on the plasma oxidant-antioxidant profile in dogs undergoing surgery at doses used to induce anesthesia. The plasma total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels increased significantly with time in both groups, whereas the plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) levels decreased with time in both groups. The OSI was significantly higher at the end of surgery than before induction of anesthesia in both groups. The TOS and OSI change ratio of propofol group were significantly lower than that of thiopental group. In conclusion, our findings show that propofol has antioxidant effects in dogs. Further studies need to be conducted to demonstrate the exact mechanism of oxidative stress due to anesthesia and surgery in dogs.
- 著者
- Takumi OKAWA Hiroko HIRAOKA Yuko WADA Kenji BABA Kazuhito ITAMOTO Takuya MIZUNO Masaru OKUDA
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.1112200735, (Released:2011-12-27)
- 被引用文献数
- 4 5
The second malignancies are frequent complications in the human patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, the clinical details and outcome of this phenomenon were unclear in the canine counterparts. Here we report a dog with high-grade lymphoma concurrent with T-cell CLL. A 10-year-old male golden retriever presented with lymphadenopathies. The lymph nodes contained large-sized lymphocytes, raising suspicion of high-grade lymphoma. Meanwhile, small-lymphocytic lymphocytosis in the peripheral blood was consistent with CLL. Interestingly, molecular biological analyses revealed that CLL cells were T-cell type, whereas lymphoma cells were B-cell type. Chemotherapy using the L-VCA short protocol was effective for 155 days, but the dog died on day 194 after diagnosis, despite rescue therapies.
1 0 0 0 OA Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion Concurrent with Liver Disease in a Dog
- 著者
- Min-Hee KANG Hee-Myung PARK
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.1112110721, (Released:2011-12-15)
- 被引用文献数
- 6 15
A 5-year-old female Chihuahua dog was presented for acute collapse. Laboratory examinations showed markedly elevated levels of hepatobiliary enzymes. Empiric antibiotic therapy for bacterial infection of the liver was ineffective. The clinical signs worsened with the development of hyponatremia with hypo-osmolality and elevated urine sodium levels. The dog was suspected to have acute cholangiohepatitis associated with an immune-mediated disease. Subsequently, it was diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) on the basis of the specific disease criteria. Further tests showed normal function of the adrenal and thyroid glands, and MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis did not show any intracranial diseases. Immunosuppressive therapy and water restriction resolved the clinical signs and improved the SIADH in this dog. This case indicates that SIADH can occur concurrently with suspected immune-mediated liver disease in dogs.
- 著者
- Jung-Hyun KIM Hee-Myung PARK
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.1112110723, (Released:2011-12-16)
- 被引用文献数
- 6 14
An 8-year old intact female dog was presented with a sudden onset of unilateral hindlimb paralysis of 3 days duration. Based on the history and results of physical, neurological, histopathological examination, and blood work, an arterial thrombosis was suspected as a complication of the hypercoagulability from malignant mammary gland tumor. The thermography provided the evidence of the unilateral femoral thrombus. Initially, thrombolysis with streptokinase administered by intravenous infusion was ineffective. Thereafter, the direct delivery of streptokinase to the site of thrombus was attempted and it was curative. These results suggest that the thermography could describe the site of the arterial thrombus, and local intra-arterial administration of streptokinase may be an effective therapy for the canine arterial thrombosis complicated by malignant mammary gland tumor.
- 著者
- So-Jeung MOON Jong-Hoon LEE Soon-Wuk Jeong Ju-Won KIM Hee-Myung PARK
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.1112110722, (Released:2011-12-16)
- 被引用文献数
- 3 4
A 7-year-old, 1.76 kg Maltese dog presented with a 4-year history of a chronic pustular lesion and a wet cough. Erosive lesions were seen at the left thoracic wall. Radiology and computed tomography (CT) revealed a bronchocutaneous fistula connecting from the left cranial bronchus to the skin. On definitive surgery, a long wooden toothpick was observed within this tract, and clinical signs resolved after retrieval of the foreign body. Three-dimensional CT was useful to identify the characteristics of the bronchocutaneous fistula However, the wooden foreign body was not apparent on CT. Here, we report the clinical, clinicopathological and diagnostic imaging findings of a chronic bronchocutaneous fistula caused by a foreign body in a dog.
- 著者
- Yuri HOJO Takuma TSUCHIYA Ayako SHIRAKI Kazuhiko SUZUKI Makoto SHIBUTANI Kunitoshi MITSUMORI
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.1112030715, (Released:2011-12-09)
- 被引用文献数
- 1 4
A subcutaneous tumor in the left inguinal region was present in an 11-year-old female bloodhound. Histopathologically, the tumor showed invasive growth and extensive necroses, and it was composed of spindle-shaped, elongated, and stellate neoplastic cells accompanied by occasional giant cells arranged in fascicular, herringbone, or irregular storiform patterns with abundant production of collagen fibers. The cytoplasm of most tumor cells was positive for vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and calponin, but was negative for desmin, smoothelin, and S-100. Furthermore, most of the tumor cells were negative for Iba1 while some tumor cells were weakly positive. Thus, this tumor was diagnosed as a high-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma according to the diagnostic criteria for human myofibroblastic sarcomas.
- 著者
- Malte SCHWARTZ Karen R. MUÑANA Natasha J. OLBY
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.73, no.11, pp.1505-1508, 2011 (Released:2011-12-01)
- 参考文献数
- 14
- 被引用文献数
- 19 28
A 9-year old female spayed Rottweiler was diagnosed with cryptogenic epilepsy and started on zonisamide monotherapy (8.3 mg/kg, PO, q 12 hr). Three weeks after the 1st dose of zonisamide the dog presented for vomiting, inappetence and icterus. Serum biochemistry showed marked elevation of liver enzymes, consistent with hepatocellular damage and cholestasis. No underlying cause for liver disease was identified and a drug-induced hepatopathy was suspected. Zonisamide was discontinued and replaced by potassium bromide. Supportive therapy consisted of intravenous fluids, antiemetics, antibiotics and hepatoprotectants. The dog made a complete recovery and serial serum biochemical examinations showed complete normalisation of liver parameters 8 weeks after discontinuation of zonisamide. Based on a human Drug-induced Liver Injury Diagnostic Scale, the likelihood for zonisamide-induced hepatopathy was classified as "possible". Veterinary practitioners and owners should be educated about the potential for an idiosyncratic drug reaction to zonisamide. If signs of hepatotoxicity are recognised early and zonisamide is discontinued, complete recovery is possible.
1 0 0 0 OA Abdominal Aortic Chondrosarcoma in a Dog
- 著者
- Bo-Ram LEE Su-Hyung LEE Hyekyung LEE Hyunwook KIM Dae-Yong KIM Jihye CHOI
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.73, no.11, pp.1473-1476, 2011 (Released:2011-12-01)
- 参考文献数
- 25
- 被引用文献数
- 5 7
A 14-year-old, mixed breed dog was presented with acute pain and paresis of the hindlimbs. Ultrasonography revealed an intraluminal mass and an abrupt halt of blood flow signal in the distal abdominal aorta. The mass had homogeneous hyperechoic echotexture compared with blood flow. Although clinical presentation suggested a thromboembolism and pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism was suspected as a predisposing cause based on adrenal function tests and ultrasonography, an aortic chondrosarcoma originating from the distal abdominal aorta was diagnosed with histologic examination. Primary aortic sarcoma is extremely rare, and extraskeletal chondrosarcoma is only reported in 2 cases previously. Aortic neoplasm should be included in differential diagnosis when an intraluminal aortic mass is observed on ultrasonography and acute paresis of hindlimbs is shown.
- 著者
- Atsushi TSUKAMOTO Koichi OHNO Mitsuhiro IRIE Aki OHMI Shingo MAEDA Ko NAKASHIMA Kenjiro FUKUSHIMA Yasuhito FUJINO Kazuyuki Uchida Hajime TSUJIMOTO
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.1111130690, (Released:2011-11-22)
- 被引用文献数
- 10 12
Endoscopic polypectomy and argon plasma coagulation (APC) were performed in a refractory case of inflammatory colorectal polyps in a 7-year-old male Miniature Dachshund. Colonoscopic examination revealed a large sessile polyp and multiple diffuse small polyps, localized to the descending colon and rectum. The case showed a poor therapeutic response to prednisolone and cyclosporine. Under anesthesia, piecemeal resections were performed by polypectomy. APC was carried out to cauterize the polyp remnants. After treatment, reduction of the lesions and the improvement in clinical signs were observed, without recurrence of lesions for at least 10 months. Endoscopic treatment by polypectomy and APC is suggested to be a therapeutic option for refractory cases of inflammatory colorectal polyps in dogs.
- 著者
- Yu YAMAMOTO Kikuyasu NAKAMURA Manabu YAMADA Masaji MASE
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人 日本獣医学会
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.74, no.2, pp.205-208, 2012 (Released:2012-03-02)
- 参考文献数
- 28
- 被引用文献数
- 9 21
An experimental infection study was performed using pigeons reared for racing or meat production in Japan and clade 2.2 and 2.3.2 isolates of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus to evaluate the possible role of pigeons in virus transmission to poultry. In experiment 1, when 20 pigeons were intranasally inoculated with high or low viral doses, no inoculated pigeon exhibited clinical signs for 14 days. Drinking water and almost all swab samples were negative for virus isolation. Virus isolation was positive in 3 oral swab samples from 2 pigeons from day 2 through 4 postinoculation, but viral titers of positive samples were extremely low. Immunohistochemical analysis for virus detection was negative in all tissue samples. Along with seroconversion in a limited number of pigeons postinoculation, these results suggest that pigeons have limited susceptibility to the virus used for experimental infection. In experiment 2, when uninoculated chickens were housed with virus-inoculated pigeons, all pigeons and contact chickens survived for 14 days without exhibiting any clinical signs. According to serological analysis, the chickens did not exhibit seroconversion after close contact with inoculated pigeons. Our data suggest that the risk posed by pigeons with respect to the transmission of the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus to poultry would be less than that for other susceptible avian species.
- 著者
- Yuya KIMURA Hidenobu KAWABATA Masaji MAEZAWA
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.1104050483, (Released:2011-04-12)
- 被引用文献数
- 3 4
This survey explores the grief associated with the loss of a pet, and was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaires were handed out to 50 bereaved pet owners attending a public animal cremation service, and we received 18 responses. Participants responded within 0 to 44 (median 4) days of the death of their pet. Although most mental health problems immediately following mourning are presumed to be normal grief reactions, on the basis of several psychiatric scales, 8 of the 16 valid responses indicated depression and/or neurosis. Statistical analyses showed that the following factors were significantly associated with grief reactions: age of owner, other stressful life events, family size, age of dead animal, rearing place, and preliminary veterinary consultation.