著者

大森 肇 渡邉 彰人 大山 卞圭悟 佃 文子 高橋 英幸 久米 俊郎 白木 仁 岡田 守彦 板井 悠二 勝田 茂

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.385-392, 2000-06-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

15

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本研究では1週間に1日という低頻度で5週間のみの筋力トレーニングを行った結果, 筋力の増加がみられた.また筋力トレーニングによって獲得された筋力は17週間の脱トレーニング後でも維持されていることが示唆された.さらに再トレーニング脚と対照トレーニング脚を比較した結果から, 再トレーニングによる筋力増加応答の増強 (Nerve-Muscle Memory) が観察された.これらの現象がiEMGの変化様相と一致していたことから, これらの背景にあるメカニズムが神経系の要因 (運動単位動員の変化ならびにインパルス発射頻度の変化) によるものであると考えられた.

著者

宮西 智久 藤井 範久 阿江 通良 功力 靖雄 岡田 守彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.89-103, 1995

被引用文献数

3 6

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the motions between the speed throw and the distance throw, using a three-dimensional(3D) motion analysis. Twenty-four male university baseball players were the subjects of this study. They were asked to throw a ball (mass 0.144kg) horizontally as fast as possible (speed throw: ST), and as far as possible (distance throw: DT). These motions were filmed by two high-speed video cameras. 3D landmark coordinates of the subiects and the ball were calculated by the DLT method. The following kinematic parameters were computed: angle of release, the component velocities of the ball, the 3D angles for the backward/forward lean, right/left lean of the upper torso, and the twist of the torso and those for the abduction/adduction, horizontal flexion/extension, internal/external rotation at the shoulder joint, and the flexion/extension at the elbow joint of the throwing arm. The sequential data were normalized with the time from the stride foot contact to the ball release, and then averaged. Angle of release was significantly larger in the DT than in the ST. Significant difference was not found between the resultant velocity of the ST and the DT. Vertical velocity of the ball was significantly larger in the DT than in the ST during the latter half of the acceleration phase. On the other hand, horizontal velocity of the ball was significantly larger in the ST than in the DT. The backward lean and the left lean angles of the upper torso were also significantly larger in the DT than in the ST throughout the all sequences analyzed. Ranges of these angular displacements between the stride foot contact and the release, however, had no significant difference between the ST and the DT. The shoulder adduction angle was also significantly larger in the DT than in the ST during the latter half of the acceleration phase. These results indicate that the differences in the release parameters between the ST and the DT were caused not only by the throwing arm motions but also by the motions of the upper torso. It has been suggested that the motions to upward and left ward of the upper torso helps to achieve longer throwing distance in the DT, and that forward lean of the upper torso possibly contributes to achieve larger horizontal ball velocity at the release in the ST.

著者

登倉 尋実 原 文江 岡田 守彦 目方 文夫 大沢 済

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.147-152, 1975 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

10 11

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Thermoregulatory responses in four male adult Japanese macaques and four male adult crab-eating macaques, weighing 6-12kg and 6.2-8kg, respectively, were compared at ambient temperatures (Ta) ranging from 5° to 25°. The average values±S. E. for some physiological measurements made at Ta of 25° in the Japanese macaque and the crab-eating macaque, respectively, were as follows: resting metabolic rate; 47.6±5.0 and 42.5±1.7W/M2; tissue conductance; 11.9±0.8 and 8.9±0.8W/M2/°; respiratory evaporative heat loss; 4.1±0.3 and 3.2±0.5W/M2; rectal temperature; 38.6±0.1 and 37.4±0.2°; mean skin temperature; 34.0±0.3 and 31.2±0.1°. When Ta was lowered stepwise from 25° to 20, 15, 10, and 5° successively, and maintained constant at each temperature level for 1 hr, metabolic heat production gradually increased in both species. When Ta was lowered from 10° to 5°, the crab-eating macaque did not show further increase in heat production and the result was a loss of thermal equilibrium with rectal temperature continuing to fall. On the other hand, the Japanese macaque maintained thermal balance even at Ta of 5°. Tissue conductance, which was significantly higher in the Japanese macaque than in the crab-eating macaque at Ta of 5, 15, and 25°, decreased in both species as Ta was lowered from 25° to 15 and 5°. The specific differences in thermoregulatory responses are considered to be adaptational, relative to the natural habitat of the two species studied. Received

著者

竹内 京子 菊原 伸郎 松村 秋芳 西田 育弘 煙山 健仁 岡田 守彦

出版者

帝京平成大学

雑誌

挑戦的萌芽研究

巻号頁・発行日

2012-04-01

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本研究の目的は、回旋角度測定器付き荷重動揺計を用いた立位股関節回旋角度測定法を普及させ、この装置の自動運動中に得られる股関節回旋角度および荷重動揺軌跡から姿勢制御力や身体運動能の評価システムを確立することである。この評価システムの意義は、動的荷重動揺軌跡の形状や角度変化に着目し、動作の精度や運動能の評価を容易にしたところにある。平成24~27年度にトップアスリートから一般人まで1000名近くのデータを得た。軌跡図の形状や回旋角度の変化を精査した結果、下肢動作の左右差(一側優位性)やスポーツ種目ごとの特性を見出した。動作の精度に影響を及ぼす疲労や開脚幅の広がり等の諸要因について検討を加えた。

著者

熊井 康こ 秋本 崇之 林 栄輔 田辺 解 木村 文律 赤間 高雄 香田 泰子 石津 政雄 久野 譜也 岡田 守彦 河野 一郎

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.6, 1999-12-01

著者

相馬 りか 村上 晴香 杉田 正明 岡田 守彦 勝田 茂 久野 譜也

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.6, 1998-12-01

著者

宮西 智久 藤井 範久 阿江 通良 功力 靖雄 岡田 守彦

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.89-103, 1995-07-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

4 6

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the motions between the speed throw and the distance throw, using a three-dimensional(3D) motion analysis. Twenty-four male university baseball players were the subjects of this study. They were asked to throw a ball (mass 0.144kg) horizontally as fast as possible (speed throw: ST), and as far as possible (distance throw: DT). These motions were filmed by two high-speed video cameras. 3D landmark coordinates of the subiects and the ball were calculated by the DLT method. The following kinematic parameters were computed: angle of release, the component velocities of the ball, the 3D angles for the backward/forward lean, right/left lean of the upper torso, and the twist of the torso and those for the abduction/adduction, horizontal flexion/extension, internal/external rotation at the shoulder joint, and the flexion/extension at the elbow joint of the throwing arm. The sequential data were normalized with the time from the stride foot contact to the ball release, and then averaged. Angle of release was significantly larger in the DT than in the ST. Significant difference was not found between the resultant velocity of the ST and the DT. Vertical velocity of the ball was significantly larger in the DT than in the ST during the latter half of the acceleration phase. On the other hand, horizontal velocity of the ball was significantly larger in the ST than in the DT. The backward lean and the left lean angles of the upper torso were also significantly larger in the DT than in the ST throughout the all sequences analyzed. Ranges of these angular displacements between the stride foot contact and the release, however, had no significant difference between the ST and the DT. The shoulder adduction angle was also significantly larger in the DT than in the ST during the latter half of the acceleration phase. These results indicate that the differences in the release parameters between the ST and the DT were caused not only by the throwing arm motions but also by the motions of the upper torso. It has been suggested that the motions to upward and left ward of the upper torso helps to achieve longer throwing distance in the DT, and that forward lean of the upper torso possibly contributes to achieve larger horizontal ball velocity at the release in the ST.

著者

小野 誠司 木塚 朝博 岡田 守彦

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.87-95, 2016 (Released:2017-08-01)

参考文献数

28

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視覚情報の入力のタイミングは運動制御の調節や適応に重要な役割を果たしている. 先行研究から, 急激な速度変化を伴う視標の動きを繰り返し眼で追うことによって, 滑動性追跡眼球運動 (パーシュート) に適応的変化が起こることが知られている. 本研究では, 視標の速度変化のタイミングに注目し, 変化時間に同期したパーシュート適応が起こるかについて検討した. その結果, ヒトのパーシュートにタイミング特異的な適応 (タイミング適応) が認められた. さらに, 先行研究よりヒトとサルの眼球運動の類似性が報告されているが, タイミング適応の場合, ヒトとサルでは適応パターンが異なることも明らかになった. これらの結果から, パーシュートのタイミング適応はヒト特有の時間予測を含めたタイミング制御機構に起因していることが示唆された.

著者

岡田 守彦

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (Japanese Series) (ISSN:13443992)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.112, no.1, pp.1-8, 2004

被引用文献数

1

著者

岡田 守彦

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (Japanese Series) (ISSN:13443992)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.112, no.1, pp.1-8, 2004 (Released:2004-07-14)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

藤原 勝夫 池上 晴夫 岡田 守彦 小山 吉明

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

人類學雜誌 (ISSN:00035505)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.4, pp.385-399, 1982 (Released:2008-02-26)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

21 17

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重心計上にて種々の立位姿勢を保持させ,立位姿勢の安定性の加齢に伴う変化について調べるとともに,下肢筋力(底屈力,背屈力,母指屈曲力)を測定し,立位姿勢の安定性と下肢筋力との関係について検討した。その結果,安楽立位および前傾姿勢の安定性は60歳代以上において低下するのに対し,後傾姿勢の安定性は30歳代で低下しはじめることが明らかとなった。それぞれの姿勢に関与する筋力の加齢に伴う変化の様相は安定性の変化と類似していた。また筋力と安定性との相関からみて,前傾•後傾のような比較的大きな筋力を必要とする姿勢では,安定性の規定要因として筋力の重要性が増大すると考えられた。

著者

宮西 智久 藤井 範久 阿江 通良 功力 靖雄 岡田 守彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.23-37, 1996-05-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

7

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We investigated the contribution of the motions in the upper torso and the throwing arm joints to the ball velocity during the baseball throw. The ball velocities caused by the anatomical rotations at the upper torso, shoulder, elbow, wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints were calculated as the vector products between the anatomical angular velocity vectors of joints and the respective relative displacement vectors from the joint centers to the center of ball, by using a mathematical model reported by Sprigings et al. (1994). Horizontal throws of twenty-four male university baseball players were filmed using a three-dimensional DLT method. In order to verify the ball velocities obtained from the anatomical joint rotations from the instant of the stride foot contact to the ball release, the velocity of ball measured directly from video recording was compared with that calculated by the mathematical model. A good agreement was acquired between the velocity of ball measured and that calculated. The velocities obtained from the left-rotation, flexion at the upper torso joint and the horizontal flexion at the shoulder joint contributed to the ball velocity in the early phase where the increase of ball velocity was slow. The velocities obtained from the internal-rotation at the shoulder joint, extension at the elbow joint, palmar-flexion at the wrist joint, and left-rotation/flexion at the upper torso joint contributed in the late phase where the increase of ball velocity was rapid. At the ball release, the contribution of each joint, which is the ratio of the positive ball velocity obtained from the anatomical joint rotations to the summation of individual positive ball velocities was as follows; 34.1% by the internal-rotation at the shoulder, 17.7% by the palmar-flexion at the wrist, 15.2% by the extension at the elbow, and 9.6% by the left-rotation at the upper torso joint.

著者

宮西 智久 宮永 豊 福林 徹 馬見塚 尚孝 藤井 範久 阿江 通良 功力 靖雄 岡田 守彦

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.5, pp.583-595, 1999-10-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

2 3

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This study was designed to clarify the causes of throwing injuries of the elbow and shoulder joints in baseball. Five varsity-skilled baseball players without pain in the elbow and shoulder joints were subjects for this study. They were fixed to a chair and asked to throw a baseball using three different throwing arm movements (T0, T45, and T90) . These movements were filmed using three-dimensional DLT videography. Linked rigid-body segment inverse dynamics were then employed to determine resultant joint force and torque at the elbow and shoulder joints. Peak varus torque at the elbow joint for T90 was less than for the other movements during the acceleration phase. In the follow-through phase, however, a large anterior shear force (70 N) at the elbow, for elbow extension, was present for T90. These results indicate that T90 was a high risk movement which leads to extension injuries rather than medial tension injuries. After the ball release, a large superior shear force (118 N) at the shoulder joint was present in all movements. This superior force may result from the subacromial impingement syndrome, except for critical zones of impingement caused by the different throwing arm movements. These findings suggest that the mechanisms of throwing arm injuries are closely related to differences in throwing arm movements.

著者

岡 秀郎 岡田 守彦 木村 賛 葉山 杉夫

出版者

Primate Society of Japan

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.207-220, 1996 (Released:2009-09-07)

参考文献数

16

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サル類の樹上運動への最高の適応としての腕渡り動作を取り上げ,喉頭腔を特殊化しなかったヒトの動作時の喉頭動態について,新たに開発された高解像度内視鏡ビデオシステムを用い,直接,喉頭の動態を観察すると共に,動作ならびに筋の作用機序の面から喉頭括約作用の動作への関与について検討した。腕渡り動作時,被験者の経験している運動形態の差異により,喉頭動態ならびに上肢・上肢帯筋群の活動様式に差異が認められた。喉頭動態に関しては,二次元平面運動(柔道・剣道)経験者では喉頭閉鎖が観察されたが,三次元空間運動(体操)経験者では喉頭は終始開放されていた。筋活動様式に関しては,二次元平面運動経験者の場合,右手懸垂スイング時に上腕骨の内転動作に参画していると考えられる,三角筋前部,大胸筋胸肋部に顕著な放電の出現・増大が観察され,これらの放電の増大時に喉頭括約が認められた。二次元平面運動経験者の場合,内転動作時に運動支援として胸郭の固定が必要となり,胸腔内圧をあげるための喉頭括約作用が要求されるようになったものと考えられる。一方,三次元空間運動経験者の場合,同時期,三角筋前部,大胸筋胸肋部の顕著な放電の出現は観察されず,喉頭括約は認められなかった。また,二次元平面運動経験者でも右手懸垂スイング時,三角筋前部の放電は減少傾向を示し,大胸筋胸肋部に顕著な放電の減少が認められた場合,喉頭括約は認められなかった。これらのことから,肩関節への負荷状態により,運動支援としての胸郭の固定が必要となり,胸腔内圧をあげるための喉頭括約作用が要求されるようになったものと考えられ,ヒトの動作と喉頭括約作用との関係について,肩関節への負荷量の状態に起因する運動支援としての前庭ヒダ・声帯ヒダの関与の存在を強く示唆するものであった。

著者

細谷 聡 宮地 力 岡田 守彦

出版者

一般社団法人日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学會論文集. C編 (ISSN:03875024)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.623, pp.2411-2416, 1998-07-25

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of different strings on the dynamics of Japanese Bow, and to investigate the relationship between the measured mechanical data and the feeling of shooter. Four strings, aramid fiber "Kevlar", "Technora", polyester fiber "Vectran", and hemp string were used for the shooting experiment by nine subjects. At that time, feeling data through questionnaires were collected. The results were summarized as follows: (1) in the logarithmic decrement of bending and torsional oscillation after release, hemp string was highest in this four strings, (2) the difference of fibers didn't have influence on frequency of the oscillation, (3) in the energy transmission efficiency, Kevlar, Technora and Vectran were about 69%, hemp was 67.7%, (4) it is also found that the feeling of shooter was related to the measured mechanical data significantly.

著者

佐々木 一茂 寺本 圭 大山下 圭吾 久野 譜也 岡田 守彦 勝田 茂 大森 肇

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.6, 2001-12-01

著者

藤原 勝夫 池上 晴夫 岡田 守彦

出版者

筑波大学体育科学系

雑誌

筑波大学体育科学系紀要 (ISSN:03867129)

巻号頁・発行日

no.8, pp.p165-171, 1985-03

被引用文献数

6